Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and assessment of potential risks in preschool children

As children represent one of the most vulnerable groups in society, more information concerning their exposure to health hazardous air pollutants in school environments is necessary. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as priority air pollutants due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties that strongly affect human health. Thus, this work aims to characterize levels of 18 selected PAHs in preschool environment, and to estimate exposure and assess the respective risks for 3–5-year-old children (in comparison with adults). Gaseous PAHs (mean of 44.5 ± 12.3 ng m−3) accounted for 87 % of the total concentration (ΣPAHs) with 3–ringed compounds being the most abundant (66 % of gaseous ΣPAHs). PAHs with 5 rings were the most abundant ones in the particulate phase (PM; mean of 6.89 ± 2.85 ng m−3) being predominantly found in PM1 (78 % particulate ΣPAHs). Overall child exposures to PAHs were not significantly different between older children (4–5 years old) and younger ones (3 years old). Total carcinogenic risks due to particulate-bound PAHs indoors were higher than outdoor ones. The estimated cancer risks of both preschool children and the staff were lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) threshold of 10−6 but slightly higher than WHO-based guideline.

Candida glabrata susceptibility to antifungals and phagocytosis is modulated by acetate

Candida glabrata is considered a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The capacity of this yeast species to cause infections is dependent on the ability to grow within the human host environment and to assimilate the carbon sources available. Previous studies have suggested that C. albicans can encounter glucose-poor microenvironments during infection and that the ability to use alternative non-fermentable carbon sources, such as carboxylic acids, contributes to the virulence of this fungus. Transcriptional studies on C. glabrata cells identified a similar response, upon nutrient deprivation. In this work, we aimed at analyzing biofilm formation, antifungal drug resistance, and phagocytosis of C. glabrata cells grown in the presence of acetic acid as an alternative carbon source. C. glabrata planktonic cells grown in media containing acetic acid were more susceptible to fluconazole and were better phagocytosed and killed by macrophages than when compared to media lacking acetic acid. Growth in acetic acid also affected the ability of C. glabrata to form biofilms. The genes ADY2a, ADY2b, FPS1, FPS2, and ATO3, encoding putative carboxylate transporters, were upregulated in C. glabrata planktonic and biofilm cells in the presence of acetic acid. Phagocytosis assays with fps1 and ady2a mutant strains suggested a potential role of FPS1 and ADY2a in the phagocytosis process. These results highlight how acidic pH niches, associated with the presence of acetic acid, can impact in the treatment of C. glabrata infections, in particular in vaginal candidiasis.

Viabilidade Técnica e Económica das Diferentes Tecnologias de Microprodução

Sabendo que as energias de origem fóssil não são inesgotáveis e que afetam a qualidade do ambiente, nos últimos anos, o interesse pelas energias renováveis mereceu a atenção de ambientalistas e de governantes. Para diminuir a importação de energia, o próprio governo de Portugal incentivou, através de medidas legislativas diversas, a instalação de sistemas alternativos de produção elétrica. Face à pertinência desta matéria, a dissertação, Viabilidade Técnica e Económica das Diferentes Tecnologias de Microprodução, aborda o aproveitamento de energias renováveis através de tecnologias de Microprodução ligadas à rede elétrica. Nesta dissertação, numa primeira fase, apresentam-se os sistemas de microprodução existentes no mercado, descrevem-se os componentes que os constituem e destacam-se os aspetos legislativos aplicáveis. Numa segunda fase, com o objetivo de suportar a elaboração de uma ferramenta informática para apoio na escolha de equipamentos de microprodução, procede-se à análise financeira de tecnologias de microprodução, indicando os modelos matemáticos necessários. Um dos objetivos da dissertação, consiste na construção de uma ferramenta informática de cálculo e na sua aplicação a dois estudos de caso. Esse programa informático foi elaborado em Excel e é capaz de fornecer uma estimativa da produção de energia anual e da avaliação da viabilidade técnico-económica de cada tecnologia e pretende apoiar a decisão do investidor em tecnologias de microprodução. Tendo sido realizados dois estudos de caso - um edifício habitacional unifamiliar e um edifício Industrial – foi possível verificar o funcionamento da aplicação e a sua utilidade na determinação da solução mais vantajosa na escolha de uma tecnologia de microprodução, uma vez que, introduzidos os dados adequados, são gerados os cálculos que permitem fornecer uma visão de conjunto, possibilitando a comparação das diferentes propostas.

Migração de aplicações móveis híbridas para Android nativo

Durante os últimos anos tem-se assistido a um crescimento exponencial da utilização dos dispositivos móveis. Atualmente, a presença destes dispositivos está tão consolidada na sociedade em que nos encontramos que é praticamente impossível estar num espaço público sem encontrar uma pessoa a utilizar um exemplar deste tipo de dispositivos, na forma de um Smartphone ou um Tablet. Nesse sentido, um grande número de organizações de desenvolvimento de software tem vindo a apostar na criação de aplicações para servir este mercado com enorme potencial. De forma a iniciar o desenvolvimento aplicacional nesta área, cabe às organizações escolherem a metodologia de desenvolvimento que mais se adapta às suas necessidades e ao contexto que desejam explorar. Por vezes, a abordagem adotada acaba por ser tornar inadaptada a longo prazo, podendo as aplicações começar a apresentar níveis de desempenho e problemas comportamentais indesejados, de acordo com as alterações realizadas e as necessidades evidenciadas no seu processo de evolução, sendo necessário explorar outras alternativas metodológicas. No contexto apresentado surge a temática da presente dissertação, que se propõe à criação de um plano de migração tecnológica genérico direcionado a um conjunto aplicações móveis em estudo, desenvolvidas através de uma metodologia híbrida, adaptada ao desenvolvimento de aplicações compatíveis com as diversas plataformas móveis. O plano devia então ser construído com o intuito de efetuar a migração das aplicações para uma metodologia nativa, adaptada ao desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis específicas a uma determinada plataforma móvel, que no presente caso seria sob a plataforma Android. No decorrer do trabalho realizado foram desenvolvidos mecanismos e componentes genéricos que permitiram implementar um módulo de migração responsável por construir um projeto nativo base de Android através de um projeto híbrido, construído segundo as suas tecnologias específicas. Finalizada a implementação, foram realizados testes comparativos entre a aplicação alvo de migração e o protótipo nativo conseguido e foi apresentada uma série de resultados que permitiram concluir a adequação da metodologia nativa para ultrapassar a problemática evidenciada. Além disso, foi também possível concluir que o sistema de migração genérico resultante do trabalho desta dissertação permite reduzir significativamente o tempo de desenvolvimento necessário em migrações de outras aplicações que se enquadrem na mesma problemática.

Software EarMaster como ferramenta pedagógica na disciplina de Formação Musical

O presente relatório de estágio mostra-nos um percurso realizado no ano letivo 2014/2015, referente à Prática de Ensino Supervisionada no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de Música, ramo de Formação Musical. O mesmo não reflete única e exclusivamente a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada do ano transato mas sim, todo um percurso académico realizado em que foram efetuadas reflexões, tomadas decisões, criadas novas ideias pedagógicas, que num todo foi essencial para uma melhoria da prática pedagógica como também na construção de um ser mais crítico e investigativo. Este documento é composto por duas partes. Na primeira parte é apresentado o capítulo I e II, sendo o primeiro uma abordagem à instituição de ensino em que foi realizada a prática de ensino supervisionada, e o segundo, uma reflexão aprofundada da mesma. A segunda parte do relatório prende-se a um Projeto de Investigação realizado no decorrer do ano letivo 2014/2015, direcionado para as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação na Educação em geral e na Educação no Ensino Vocacional da Música mais especificamente, “O software EarMaster como ferramenta pedagógica na disciplina de Formação Musical”, tentando perceber se este tipo de software informáticos poderão ser uma mais-valia para o estudo da disciplina da Formação Musical e se trará melhores resultados para o aluno aquando da sua utilização. A metodologia utilizada no projeto de investigação prende-se a uma lógica quantitativa e qualitativa. O estudo não é, de todo, conclusivo devido ao tamanho da amostra obtida, tendo alguns alunos optado por não utilizar o software EarMaster, formando assim um pequeno grupo de amostra não suficiente para obter os melhores resultados, ficando em aberto possíveis investigações sobre esta temática. Serão, as Novas Tecnologias de Informação uma mais-valia para a Educação no nosso país? Será possível a utilização destas na sala de aula, sem que sejam pensadas como algo para “entreter” o aluno por momentos?

Quidgest’s internationalization plan to Norway

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Broadband: What do consumers want? Examining willingness-to-pay

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Business plan PME.Box: internationalization to Spain

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Fixed-mobile integration

Often, fixed-line incumbents also own the largest mobile network. We consider the effect of this joint ownership on market outcomes. Our model predicts that while fixed-to-mobile call prices to the integrated mobile network are more efficient than under separation, those to rival mobile networks are distorted upwards, amplifying any incumbency advantage. As concerns potential remedies, a uniform off-net pricing constraint leads to higher welfare than functional separation and even allows to maintain some of the efficiency gains.

Adjusting to external imbalances within the EMU, the case of Portugal

From 1995 to 2010 Portugal has accumulated a negative international asset position of 110 percent of GDP. In a developed and aging economy the number is astonishing and any argument to consider it sustainable must rely on extremely favorable forecasts on growth. Portuguese policy options are reduced in number: no autonomous monetary policy, no currency to devaluate, and limited discretion in changing fiscal deficits and government debt. To start the necessary deleveraging a remaining possible policy is a budget-neutral change of the tax structure that increases private saving and net exports. An increase in the VAT and a decrease in the employer’s social security contribution tax can achieve the desired outcome in the short run if they are complemented with wage moderation. To obtain a substantial improvement in competitiveness and a large decrease in consumption, the changes in the tax rates have to be large. While a precise quantitative assessment is difficult, the initial increase in the effective VAT rate needed to allow the social security tax to decrease by 16 percentage points (pp) is approximately 10 pp. Such a large increase in the effective VAT rate could be obtained by raising most of the reduced VAT rates to the new general VAT rate of 23 percent. The empirical analysis shows that over time the suggested tax swap could generate surpluses and improve the trade balance. A temporary version of the suggested tax-swap has the attractiveness to achieve a sharper increase in the private saving rate maintaining the short run gains in competitiveness. Finally, the temporary version of the fiscal devaluation could be the basis for an automatic stabilizer to external imbalances within a monetary union.Portugal has been running large current account deficits every year since 1995. These deficits have accumulated to an astonishing 110 percent of GDP negative external asset position. The sustainability of such a large external position is questionable and must rely on fantastic productivity growth expectations. The recent global financial crisis appears to have anticipated the international investors reality check on those future expectations with the result of a large increase in the cost of external financing. Today the rebalancing of the current account through an increase in national savings and an improvement in competitiveness must be at the top of the Portuguese authorities “to do” list as the cost of a pull out from international investors is of the order of 10% of GDP. The external rebalancing is difficult as the degrees of freedom of the Portuguese authorities are limited in number: they have no autonomous monetary policy, no currency to devaluate, and little discretion in fiscal policy as deficit limits and debt targets are set by the Stability Growth Pact and the postcrisis consensus on medium-term fiscal consolidation. One possibility that remains is to change the fiscal policy mix for a given budget deficit. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of a “fiscal devaluation”1 obtained through a tax swap between employers’ social security contributions and taxes on consumption2. The paper begins by illustrating Portugal’s current account evolution during the euro period. The second section section lays out a model to offer a qualitative assessment of the dynamic outcomes of the the tax swap. I show that the suggested tax swap can in theory achieve the desired outcomes in terms of competitiveness and consumption if complemented with moderation (stickiness) in wages. I also study the effects of a temporary version of the tax swap and show that it achieves a sharper improvement in the current account that accelerate the rebalancing. The third section moves to the empirical analysis and estimates the likely effects of the tax swap for the Portuguese economy. The fourth section concludes.

Determinants of social security pensions expenditure in Portugal

In most European countries Social Security (SS) systems are characterized as Pay-asyou- go systems. Their sustainability is being challenged with demographic changes, namely population ageing. Portugal’s population is ageing rapidly being one of the countries where this problem is more critical. With the growing debate on this topic several public choice models have been developed so as to explain SS size. In this work project there is an attempt to understand whether these models contribute to better explain Social security expenditure with pensions (SSEP) and to establish the need of finding ways to reduce present commitment with pension expenditure in Portugal.

Evaluation of the welfare impact of regulating mobile termination rates in Portugal

Following the European Commission’s 2009 Recommendation on the Regulatory Treatment of Fixed and Mobile Termination Rates in the EU, the Portuguese regulatory authority (ANACOM) decided to reduce termination prices in mobile networks to their long-run incremental cost (LRIC). Nevertheless, no serious quantitative assessment of the potential effects of this decision was carried out. In this paper, we adapt and calibrate the Harbord and Hoernig (2014) model of the UK mobile telephony market to the Portuguese reality, and simulate the likely impact on consumer surplus, profits and welfare of four different regulatory approaches: pure LRIC, reciprocal termination charges with fixed networks, “bill & keep”, and asymmetric termination rates. Our results show that reducing MTRs does increase social welfare, profits and consumer surplus in the fixed market, but mobile subscribers are seriously harmed by this decision.

Eco-epidemiologic study of emerging fungi related to the work of babaçu coconut breakers in the State of Maranhão, Brazil

Introduction: There are more than 300,000 extractors using the babaçu coconut as a source of income in the States of Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins and Piauí, and this activity is associated with fungal infections. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of emergent fungi in the conjunctiva, nails and surface and subcutaneous injuries of female coconut breakers in Esperantinópolis, Maranhão. Additionally, soil samples and palm structures were collected. Methods: The obtained samples were cultured in Petri dishes containing potato-dextrose-agar and chloramphenicol. The etiological agent was confirmed by a direct mycological exam and growth in culture. Results: In total, 150 domiciles were visited, and samples were collected from 80 patients. From the ground, the most frequently isolated fungus was Aspergillus niger (53. 8%). the most frequently detected fungus in babaçu coconut was Aspergillus niger (66.7%). Conjunctival fungal growth occurred in 76.3% of the women. The ocular fungal microbiota consisted of filamentous fungi (80.6%), and yeasts were present in 19.4% of cases. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 44% (11/25) of the women. Conclusions: The identification of the genera Neosartorya, Rhizopus and Curvularia in onychomycoses shows that emergent filamentous fungi can be isolated. Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Scedosporium sp. were the predominant genera found in the babaçu coconut. From ocular conjunctiva, Candida spp. were the most prevalent species isolated, and Fusarium sp. was present only in one woman. The nearly permanent exposure of coconut breakers to the external environment and to the soil is most likely the reason for the existence of a mycotic flora and fungal infections, varying according to the individual's practices and occupation.

Cost-effective and lightweight mobile units for MixAR: A comparative trial among different setups

Cultural heritage has arousing the interest of the general public (e.g. tourists), resulting in the increasing number of visitations to archaeological sites. However, many buildings and monuments are severely damaged or completely destroyed, which doesn’t allow to get a full experience of “travelling in time”. Over the years, several Augmented Reality (AR) approaches were proposed to overcome these issues by providing three-dimensional visualization of reconstructed ancient structures in situ. However, most of these systems were made available through heavy and expensive technological bundles. Alternatively, MixAR intends to be a lightweight and cost-effective Mixed Reality system which aims to provide the visualization of virtual ancient buildings reconstructions in situ, properly superimposed and aligned with real-world ruins. This paper proposes and compares different AR mobile units setups to be used in the MixAR system, with low-cost and lightweight requirements in mind, providing different levels of immersion. It was propounded four different mobile units, based on: a laptop computer, a single-board computer (SBC), a tablet and a smartphone, which underwent a set of tests to evaluate their performances. The results show that mobile units based on laptop computer and SBC reached a good overall performance while mobile units based on tablet and smartphone did not meet such a satisfactory result even though they are acceptable for the intended use.

Generating timed trajectories foran autonomous robot

Tese de Doutoramento Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Electrónica e Computadores