Variable speed drive in fan system monitoring

Fan systems are responsible for approximately 10% of the electricity consumption in industrial and municipal sectors, and it has been found that there is energy-saving potential in these systems. To this end, variable speed drives (VSDs) are used to enhance the efficiency of fan systems. Usually, fan system operation is optimized based on measurements of the system, but there are seldom readily installed meters in the system that can be used for the purpose. Thus, sensorless methods are needed for the optimization of fan system operation. In this thesis, methods for the fan operating point estimation with a variable speed drive are studied and discussed. These methods can be used for the energy efficient control of the fan system without additional measurements. The operation of these methods is validated by laboratory measurements and data from an industrial fan system. In addition to their energy consumption, condition monitoring of fan systems is a key issue as fans are an integral part of various production processes. Fan system condition monitoring is usually carried out with vibration measurements, which again increase the system complexity. However, variable speed drives can already be used for pumping system condition monitoring. Therefore, it would add to the usability of a variablespeed- driven fan system if the variable speed drive could be used as a condition monitoring device. In this thesis, sensorless detection methods for three lifetime-reducing phenomena are suggested: these are detection of the fan contamination build-up, the correct rotational direction, and the fan surge. The methods use the variable speed drive monitoring and control options for the detection along with simple signal processing methods, such as power spectrum density estimates. The methods have been validated by laboratory measurements. The key finding of this doctoral thesis is that a variable speed drive can be used on its own as a monitoring and control device for the fan system energy efficiency, and it can also be used in the detection of certain lifetime-reducing phenomena.

”What an awesome time to be a fan!” ‒ Kokemuksellisuuden muodostuminen Batman: Yön Ritari -elokuvan markkinointiin kehitetyssä ARG-pelissä

Tutkimukseni käsittelee kokemuksellisuuden muodostumista Batman: Yön Ritari -elokuvan markkinointiin kehitetyssä ARG-pelissä. ARG-peli eli vaihtoehtotodellisuuspeli on pervasiivinen peli, joka välittyy osallistujille reaaliaikaisesti erilaisten arkipäiväisten viestimien kautta immersiivisyyttä ja yhteisöllisyyttä korostaen. Vuorovaikutukseen perustuva ARG-peli on kokemus, joka muodostuu yhteistyössä pelintekijöiden ja osallistujien välillä. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä tavoitteena on tarkastella Why So Serious? -pelin kokemuksellisuutta luovia elementtejä sekä pelintekijöiden että pelaajien näkökulmasta. Tutkimusaineistoni koostuu verkkoaineistosta. Käsittelen tutkimuksessani kahta peliyhteisön kannalta merkittävää keskustelufoorumia, joissa osallistujat kokivat ja pelasivat peliä yhteisönä ja yksilöinä. Tutkimusmetodini pohjautuu fenomenologis-hermeneuttiseen metodiin: tarkastelen ARG-pelin kokemuksellisuutta tulkitsemalla osallistujien kirjallisia ilmaisuja ilmiöön liittyvä teoriatausta tukenani. Tutkimukseni on aineistolähtöinen ja etenee kronologisesti. Pelin kokonaiskuvan muodostamisessa olen hyödyntänyt osallistujien luomaa wikisivustoa, mikä toimi pelin aikana sekä informaatiokanavana että peliä dokumentoivana mediana. Vaikka käsittelemäni ARG-peli ei edustanut perinteistä ARG-peliä muun muassa heikon tarinallisuutensa vuoksi, se muodosti osallistujilleen hyvin voimakkaan kokemuksen. Why So Serious? -pelin kokemuksellisuus pohjautui hyvin pitkälti Batman-brändin tunnettuuteen ja populaarikulttuuriseen arvoon sekä nimekkäisiin fiktiivisiin hahmoihin, jotka yhdessä houkuttelivat osallistujia uppoutumaan pelin vaihtoehtotodellisuuteen. Keskinäisestä kilpailustaan huolimatta peliyhteisöt muodostivat jäsenilleen kollektiivisen identiteetin tunteen, minkä lisäksi muun muassa pelin dokumentointi ja spekulointi laajensivat osallistujien kokemusta. Yksilötasolla ensikertalaisuus vaikutti vahvasti pelin muodostamaan kokemukseen: kokemus oli voimakkaampi niille pelaajille, jotka osallistuivat ARG-peliin ensimmäistä kertaa. Why So Serious? -pelistä tuli ainutkertaisuudessaan osa Batman-brändin historiaa, mikä vahvisti pelin osallistujilleen tuottamaa kokemusta. 2000-luvun kuluttaja etsii elämyksiä ja myös markkinoinnin on mukauduttava – sekä uudistuttava – kuluttajien kasvavien vaatimuksien mukaan. Tutkimukseni on yksi esimerkki onnistuneesta, 2000-luvun kuluttajille suunnatusta markkinointikampanjasta.

Quality, Productivity and Economy in Welding Manufacturing - Case Study: West Africa

This thesis studies quality, productivity and economy in welding manufacturing in West African states such as Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon. The study consists of two parts: the first part, which forms the theoretical background, reviews relevant literature concerning the metal and welding industries, and measurement of welding quality, productivity and economy. The second part, which is the empirical part, aims to identify activities in the metal manufacturing industries where welding is extensively used and to determine the extent of welding quality, productivity and economy measurements in companies operating in the metal manufacturing industries. Additionally, the thesis aims to identify challenges that companies face and to assess the feasibility of creating a network to address these issues. The research methods used in the empirical part are the case study (qualitative) method and the survey (quantitative) method. However, the case study method was used to elicit information from companies in Ghana, while the survey method was used to elicit information from companies in Nigeria and Cameroon. The study considers important areas that contribute to creating awareness and understanding of the current situation of the welding industry in West Africa. These areas include the metal manufacturing industrial sector, metal products manufactured, metal production and manufacturing systems deployed, welding quality, productivity and economy measurement systems utilized, equipment and materials on the markets, general challenges facing companies in welding operations, welding technology programs and research in local universities, and SWOT analysis of the various West African states. The notable findings indicate that majority of the companies operate in the constructionindustrial sector. Also, majority of the companies are project manufacturing oriented, thus provide services to customers operating in the growing industries such as the oil and gas, mining, food and the energy industry. In addition, only few companies are certified under standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 3834, and OHSAS 18001. More so, majority of the companies employ manual welding technique, and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) as the commonly used welding process. Finally, welder salary is about € 300 / month as of June 2013 and the average operations turnover of medium to large companies is about € 5 million / year as at 2012. Based on analysis of the results of the study, it is noted that while welding activities are growing, the availability of cheap labor, the need for company and welder qualification and certification, and the need to manufacture innovative products through developmental projects (transfer of welding expertise and technology) remain as untapped opportunities in the welding industry in the West African states. The study serves as a solid platform for further research and concludes with several recommendations for development of the West African welding industry.

Employees’ continuous learning and job satisfaction - effects on productivity

In today’s knowledge intense economy the human capital is a source for competitive advantage for organizations. Continuous learning and sharing the knowledge within the organization are important to enhance and utilize this human capital in order to maximize the productivity. The new generation with different views and expectations of work is coming to work life giving its own characteristics on learning and sharing. Work should offer satisfaction so that the new generation employees would commit to organizations. At the same time organizations have to be able to focus on productivity to survive in the competitive market. The objective of this thesis is to construct a theory based framework of productivity, continuous learning and job satisfaction and further examine this framework and its applications in a global organization operating in process industry. Suggestions for future actions are presented for this case organization. The research is a qualitative case study and the empiric material was gathered by personal interviews concluding 15 employee and one supervisor interview. Results showed that more face to face interaction is needed between employees for learning because much of the knowledge of the process is tacit and so difficult to share in other ways. Offering these sharing possibilities can also impact positively to job satisfaction because they will increase the sense of community among employees which was found to be lacking. New employees demand more feedback to improve their learning and confidence. According to the literature continuous learning and job satisfaction have a relative strong relationship on productivity. The employee’s job description in the case organization has moved towards knowledge work due to continuous automation and expansion of the production process. This emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and means that productivity can be seen also from quality perspective. The normal productivity output in the case organization is stable and by focusing on the quality of work by improving continuous learning and job satisfaction the upsets in production can be handled and prevented more effectively. Continuous learning increases also the free human capital input and utilization of it and this can breed output increasing innovations that can increase productivity in long term. Also job satisfaction can increase productivity output in the end because employees will work more efficiently, not doing only the minimum tasks required. Satisfied employees are also found participating more in learning activities.

Temporal variations in the primary productivity of Eleocharis acutangula (Cyperaceae) in a tropical wetland environment

Wetland vegetation typically includes aquatic macrophytes with high primary production capacities. The present study investigated how hydrological variations affect biomass allocation and primary productivity in the emergent macrophyte Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. Eleocharis acutangula ramets were collected from the Campelo Lagoon flood plain (21°39'S, 41°12'W and 21°37S, 41°11'W) between March/2005 and February/2006. This region experienced an unusually short rainy period between November/2005 and February/2006 that generated atypically high primary production levels (128gDWm-2month-1) and total biomass gains (447gDWm-2) in May and June/2005 respectively. Our data indicated that primary production and biomass allocation were strongly influenced by variations in wetland water levels and that macrophytes quickly invested in biomass accumulation when surface water levels rised.

Citations to papers from Brazilian institutions: a more effective indicator to assess productivity and the impact of research in graduate programs

A recent assessment of 4400 postgraduate courses in Brazil by CAPES (a federal government agency dedicated to the improvement of the quality of and research at the postgraduate level) stimulated a large amount of manifestations in the press, scientific journals and scientific congresses. This gigantic effort to classify 16,400 scientific journals in order to provide indicators for assessment proved to be puzzling and methodologically erroneous in terms of gauging the institutions from a metric point of view. A simple algorithm is proposed here to weigh the scientometric indicators that should be considered in the assessment of a scientific institution. I conclude here that the simple gauge of the total number of citations accounts for both the productivity of scientists and the impact of articles. The effort spent in this exercise is relatively small, and the sources of information are fully accessible. As an exercise to estimate the value of the methodology, 12 institutions of physics (10 from Brazil, one from the USA and one from Italy) have been evaluated.

Tekstuaalisessa liikkeessä : Textual trails : transmissions of oral and written texts : the 11th Conference of the European Society for Textual Scholarship 30th of October − 1st of November 2014

Konferenssiraportti

Improving productivity by developing knowledge management practices for a consulting company

The objective of the research was to identify knowledge conversion states in consultancy sales and delivery processes for the company’s one business unit, to know where to store certain types of information and knowledge, and to create best practices for the company’s knowledge management activities in the selected business processes. The used research methodology was action research. The current business processes were analyzed by interviewing people involved in them. The results were documented and catego- rized, and based on them the target states of the processes were developed. Knowledge man- agement activities were integrated to the business processes. The main findings of the research were that roles and responsibilities in the processes were not clear to people, information systems did not fully support individuals and time was wasted searching for information and knowledge. There were also many variations of how the processes actually realized, which affected the overall quality of the process. The conclusions of the research were that knowledge management activities should be high- lighted in businesses where knowledge workers are the main assets of the company. Knowledge management practices can be supported by company culture, leadership and in- formation systems. However, one main factor is each individual’s willingness to share knowledge. By integrating knowledge management activities to business processes and hav- ing information systems supporting knowledge management, individual productivity can be improved.

Economic growth, labor and productivity in Brazil and the United States: a comparative analysis

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between economic growth and labor market dynamics in Brazil between 1981 and 2009, making a comparison with the United States. Among the findings, one can mention that economic growth in Brazil has been related to a massive incorporation of labor force in labor intensive activities, whereas, in the United States, to a substantial improvement of labor productivity in high-technology activities. Despite the favorable economic context in the 2000s, huge inequalities between these countries have widened since the structure of the Brazilian labor market remained with few or no changes.

西學凡Xi xue fan.Sur les sciences européennes.

Cat. imp., liv. 125, f. 31.Par le P. Aleni (1582-1649). Préfaces de Yang Ting jun (1623), de He Yi yuan (1626). Postface de Xiong Shi qi. Gravé par la mission du Fu jian, à la salle Qin yi, sans date.

奉旨繙譯職方外紀Feng zhi fan yi zhi fang wai ji.Traité de géographie traduit par ordre impérial.

Préface du traducteur, le P. Giulio Aleni, (1623) ; préface non datée de Ye Xiang gao, pour la 2e édition faite au Fu jian, la 1re étant du Zhe jiang.6 livres, avec 2 cartes du globe et cartes des parties du monde. — Cat. imp., liv. 71, f. 17.

奉旨繙譯職方外紀Feng zhi fan yi zhi fang wai ji.Traité de géographie traduit par ordre impérial.

Préface du traducteur, le P. Giulio Aleni, (1623) ; préface non datée de Ye Xiang gao, pour la 2e édition faite au Fu jian, la 1re étant du Zhe jiang.6 livres, avec 2 cartes du globe et cartes des parties du monde. — Cat. imp., liv. 71, f. 17.

順德馮駙馬在安南征勝寶樂番賊故事Shun de feng fu ma zai an nan zheng sheng bao luo fan ze gu shi.Histoire de Feng, de Shun de, gendre du roi d'Annam, qui vainquit les barbares à Bao luo.

Feng Ru lan, vers 1840 ; conte Chinois.