Oath of allegiance to George II by Jews in American colonies

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Health complaints and regulatory reform: Implications for vulnerable populations?

Complaints and disciplinary processes play a significant role in health professional regulation. Many countries are transitioning from models of self-regulation to greater external oversight through systems including meta regulation, responsive (risk–based) regulation, and “networked governance”. Such systems harness, in differing ways, public, private, professional and non-governmental bodies to exert influence over the conduct of health professionals and services. Interesting literature is emerging regarding complainants’ motivations and experiences, the impact of complaints processes on health professionals and identification of features such as complainant and health professional profiles, types of complaints and outcomes. This paper concentrates on studies identifying vulnerable groups and their participation in health care regulatory systems.

Characterization of an N6 adenine methyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori strain 26695 which methylates adjacent adenines on the same strand

Genomic sequences of Helicobacter pylori strains 26695, J99, HPAGI and G27 have revealed an abundance of restriction and modification genes. hp0050, which encodes an N6 adenine DNA methyltransferase, was cloned, overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity. It recognizes the sequence 5'-GRRG-3' (where R is A or G) and, most intriguingly, methylates both adenines when R is A (5'-GAAG-3'). Kinetic analysis suggests a nonprocessive (repeated-hit) mechanism of methylation in which HP0050 methyltransferase methylates one adenine at a time in the sequence 5'-GAAG-3'. This is the first report of an N6 adenine DNA methyltransferase that methylates two adjacent residues on the same strand. Interestingly, HP0050 homologs from two clinical strains of H. pylori (PG227 and 128) methylate only 5'-GAGG-3' compared with 5'-GRRG-3' in strain 26695. HP0050 methyltransferase is highly conserved as it is present in more than 90% of H. pylori strains. Inactivation of hp0050 in strain PG227 resulted in poor growth, suggesting its role in the biology of H. pylori. Collectively, these findings provide impetus for exploring the role(s) of this conserved DNA methyltransferase in the cellular processes of H. pylori.

Integrative functional genomics analysis of sustained polyploidy phenotypes in breast cancer cells identifies an oncogenic profile for GINS2

Aneuploidy is among the most obvious differences between normal and cancer cells. However, mechanisms contributing to development and maintenance of aneuploid cell growth are diverse and incompletely understood. Functional genomics analyses have shown that aneuploidy in cancer cells is correlated with diffuse gene expression signatures and that aneuploidy can arise by a variety of mechanisms, including cytokinesis failures, DNA endoreplication and possibly through polyploid intermediate states. Here, we used a novel cell spot microarray technique to identify genes with a loss-of-function effect inducing polyploidy and/or allowing maintenance of polyploid cell growth of breast cancer cells. Integrative genomics profiling of candidate genes highlighted GINS2 as a potential oncogene frequently overexpressed in clinical breast cancers as well as in several other cancer types. Multivariate analysis indicated GINS2 to be an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer outcome (p = 0.001). Suppression of GINS2 expression effectively inhibited breast cancer cell growth and induced polyploidy. In addition, protein level detection of nuclear GINS2 accurately distinguished actively proliferating cancer cells suggesting potential use as an operational biomarker.

How to deal with sparse macroseismic data

This study discusses the scope of historical earthquake analysis in low-seismicity regions. Examples of non-damaging earthquake reports are given from the Eastern Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield in north-eastern Europe from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The information available for past earthquakes in the region is typically sparse and cannot be increased through a careful search of the archives. This study applies recommended rigorous methodologies of historical seismology developed using ample data to the sparse reports from the Eastern Baltic Shield. Attention is paid to the context of reporting, the identity and role of the authors, the circumstances of the reporting, and the opportunity to verify the available information by collating the sources. We evaluate the reliability of oral earthquake recollections and develop criteria for cases when a historical earthquake is attested to by a single source. We propose parametric earthquake scenarios as a way to deal with sparse macroseismic reports and as an improvement to existing databases.

Mechanistic studies on the effect of ferrocene bonding agents in composite solid propellents

Five compounds, viz. 1,1'-ferrocenediyldiethylidene bis(thiocarbonohydrazide) (DAFT), 1,1-diacetylferrocene disemicarbazone (DAFS), 1,1-diacetylferrocenebenzoyl hydrazone (FDBAH), 1,1-diacetylferrocene-p-nitrobenzoyl hydrazone (FDNBAH), and p-toluenesulfonic acid 1,1'-ferrocenediyldiethylidene dihydrazide (TFDD) were found to be bonding agents as well as burning-rate modifiers for the ammonium perchlorate + hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene system. The tensile strength and percentage elongation significantly increased in the presence of these bonding agents (except FDBAH). The bonding agents generally did not adversely affect the slurry viscosity during processing. The bonding sites were located by infrared spectroscopy, supported by determination of the dissolution kinetics of the bonding agents and scanning electron microscopy. The bonding agents did not undergo any side-reactions with the curing agents.

Mechanistic studies on the effect of ferrocene bonding agents in composite solid propellents

Five compounds, viz. 1,1'-ferrocenediyldiethylidene bis(thiocarbonohydrazide) (DAFT), 1,1-diacetylferrocene disemicarbazone (DAFS), 1,1-diacetylferrocenebenzoyl hydrazone (FDBAH), 1,1-diacetylferrocene-p-nitrobenzoyl hydrazone (FDNBAH), and p-tolenesulfonic acid, 1,1'-ferrocenediyldiethylidene dihydrazide (TFDD) were found to be bonding agents as well as burning-rate modifiers for the ammonium perchlorate + hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene system. The tensile strength and percentage elongation significantly increased in the presence of these bonding agents (except FDBAH). The bonding agents generally did not adversely affect the slurry viscosity during processing. The bonding sites were located by infrared spectroscopy, supported by determination of the dissolution kinetics of the bonding agents and scanning electron microscopy. The bonding agents did not undergo any side-reactions with the curing agents.

A simple strategy for spirocyclopentannullation of cyclic ketones. Formal total synthesis of (+/-)-acorone

A general and simple methodology for spirocyclopentannulation of cyclic ketones (or 4,4-disubstituted cyclopentenones from acyclic ketones) and its application in the synthesis of the spirodienone 7 via a prochiral precursor constituting a formal total synthesis of (+/-)-acorone (6), are described.

CO oxidation by CeO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-CeAlO(3) hybrid oxides

A modified solution combustion technique was successfully used to synthesize sub-10 nm crystallites of hybrid CeO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-CeAlO(3). The fuel in the solution combustion was tuned to obtain mixed oxides and solid solutions of the compound. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XRD and TEM analysis showed the substitution of Al(3+) ions in the CeO(2) matrix when a combination of glycine, urea, hexamine and oxalyl dihydrazide was used as fuel for the synthesis. The compounds showed high activity for CO oxidation and the activity of the compounds was dependent upon the composition of the oxide.

The curvature of the liquid-vapor reduced pressure curve and its relation with the critical region

For most fluids, there exist a maximum and a minimum in the curvature of the reduced vapor pressure curve, p(r) = p(r)(T-r) (with p(r) = p/p(c) and T-r = T/T-c, p(c) and T-c being the pressure and temperature at the critical point). By analyzing National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) data on the liquid-vapor coexistence curve for 105 fluids, we find that the maximum occurs in the reduced temperature range 0.5 <= T-r <= 0.8 while the minimum occurs in the reduced temperature range 0.980 <= T-r <= 0.995. Vapor pressure equations for which d(2)p(r)/dT(r)(2) diverges at the critical point present a minimum in their curvature. Therefore, the point of minimum curvature can be used as a marker for the critical region. By using the well-known Ambrose-Walton (AW) vapor pressure equation we obtain the reduced temperatures of the maximum and minimum curvature in terms of the Pitzer acentric factor. The AW predictions are checked against those obtained from NIST data. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

土工布工作的力学机理

揭示了土工布提高加筋土强度的力学机理.假设:平行、分层布置的土工布在垂直布面方向是连续分布的;土工布是薄膜,不影响物料的力学特性:土工布、物料、加筋土的变形是相同的:加筋土的应力状态是土工布与物料二者应力状态的叠加;加筋土的破坏只发生在物料中.提出了土工布单元,给出它与加筋土单元、物料单元间变形受力关系.结论:土工布承担了拉力,削弱了物料分担的荷载,提高了加筋土的强度;据此,可以设计出土工布的最佳布置方案.

Efecto de tres niveles de gallinaza en plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en desarrollo

En este trabajo se estudió el efecto del abono orgánico gallinaza sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en estado juvenil. El ensayo inició en febrero de 1993, en tres fincas con plantaciones comerciales de 20 meses de edad, ubicadas en el municipio El Rama, Región V. Durante catorce meses se realizaron cuatro aplicaciones de fertilizantes, comparando tres niveles de gallinaza (454g, 908g y 1,362 g/árbol/apli­cación)un testigo de fertilización mineral (tres aplicaciones de 100g/árbol de la fórmula 15-15-15 más una aplicación de 100g/árbol de urea al 46 %)y un testigo absoluto sin aplicación. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar evaluando las variables con análisis de varianza, separación de medias según Duncan y análisis de regresión y correlación. Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación de 1,362g de gallinaza obtuvo un efecto estadísticamente superior sobre la producción inicial del cacao y sobre el incremento del diámetro de tallo. La aplicación de 454 g y 908 g de gallinaza resultó estadísticamente igual a la fertilización mineral. En cuanto a altura de planta no se detectó diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos. La cero aplicación de fertilizantes presentó el menor efecto sobre el crecimiento y producción inicial del cultivo de cacao. El análisis económico mostró que se reducen los costos de fertilización del cultivo con la aplicación de gallinaza, en comparación con la fertilización mineral.

关于微卫星姿态控制手段的几点考虑

通过具体分析电推进、电阻加热式微喷和重力梯度等控制卫星姿态的手段，介绍卫星微型化后推进器设计会遇到的问题，供微型飞行器姿态控制的设计选择和研究参考。从微卫星(<20kg)的设计来看，由于微型化造成面积与体积之比增大，使得依赖于面积和体积的各种效应 的相对重要性也产生变化。目前设计的一种电阻加热式微喷，也叫蒸汽微喷，设计尺寸缩小后，流动附面层变得很薄。同样温差下，壁面附近平均温度梯度增大，换热强度提高，使得小尺度下对流换热系数比常规条件时高1～2个量级，造成向壁面所传热量大大提高，从而降低效率。因此蒸汽微喷提高比冲的关键是限制壁面导热；从可靠性、效率，比冲等多因素综合考虑，脉冲放电固体（如Teflon）推进剂电磁推进器是一种比较理想的选择；如果微卫星作为一种专用廉价的卫星，其使用目的可以比较单一，所以其姿态要求固定，同时也不必改变轨道，甚至允许轨道有所下降。这种情况下可以考虑采用重力梯度稳定；因为重力梯度稳定的恢复力矩虽然很小，但是它不消耗推进剂，也不需要电力，是一种利用自然界本身特征自稳定的手段。