Brain distribution of myosin Va in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

This study presents data on myosin Va localization in the central nervous system of rainbow trout. We demonstrate, via immunoblots and immunocytochemistry, the expression of myosin Va in several neuronal populations of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. The neuronal populations that express myosin Va in trout constitute a very diverse group that do not seem to have many specific similarities such as neurotransmitters used, cellular size or length of their processes. The intensity of the immunoreactivity and the number of immunoreactive cells differ from region to region. Although there is a broad distribution of myosin Va, it is not present in all neuronal populations. This result is in agreement with a previous report, which indicated that myosin Va is approximately as abundant as conventional myosin II and kinesin, and it is broadly involved in neuronal motility events such as axoplasmatic transport. Furthermore, this distribution pattern is in accordance with what was shown in rats and mice; it indicates phylogenetic maintenance of the myosin Va main functions.

Effect of thyroid hormone T3 on Myosin-Va expression in the central nervous system

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Partial cDNA sequence analysis of myosin Va from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its relationship to myosin v isoforms from other vertebrates.

Partial cDNA sequences of myosin V from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were analyzed and showed high similarity to MVa from other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that events resulting in the formation of paralogous copies of myosin Va, Vb, and Vc occurred before the divergence of vertebrates into different classes. Expression analysis of myosin Va, Vb, and Vc in different O. mykiss tissues revealed MVa exclusively expressed in hypophysis and brain whereas Vb and Vc were expressed in practically all tissues analyzed. The nucleotide sequence for myosin V was explored in a fish species for the first time and these results represent an important start in understanding the organization, evolution, and expression of myosins in early vertebrates. The data presented here represent contributions to the knowledge of rainbow trout genome. A better understanding of this economically important species could assist in development of improved strains of this fish for aquaculture.

Micropropagación de Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. vía organogénesis directa

The present research was aimed at standardizing the protocol of seed disinfection, seed germination and organogenesis via callus of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.The germinated seeds were inoculated in different concentrations of BAP (benzylamine purine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) in order to stimulate the callus induction. After 60 days of culture, the calluses with some shoots were taken to an organogenesis medium (GA3 0.1 mg.L -1, BAP 0.5 mg.L-1) during 40 days, to be transferred later to a development medium. Finally, the plantules were acclimatized, presenting a good index of survival.

Localization of myosin-Va in subpopulations of cells in rat endocrine organs

Myosin-Va is a Ca 2+/calmodulin-regulated unconventional myosin involved in the transport of vesicles, membranous organelles, and macromolecular complexes composed of proteins and mRNA. The cellular localization of myosin-Va has been described in great detail in several vertebrate cell types, including neurons, melanocytes, lymphocytes, auditory tissues, and a number of cultured cells. Here, we provide an immunohistochemical view of the tissue distribution of myosin-Va in the major endocrine organs. Myosin-Va is highly expressed in the pineal and pituitary glands and in specific cell populations of other endocrine glands, especially the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, the principal cells of the parathyroid, the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and a subpopulation of interstitial testicular cells. Weak to moderate staining has been detected in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex, ovary, and Leydig cells. Myosin-Va has also been localized to non-endocrine cells, such as the germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium and maturing oocytes and in the intercalated ducts of the exocrine pancreas. These data provide the first systematic description of myosin-Va localization in the major endocrine organs of rat. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.

¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen I: la búsqueda de la eficiencia

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¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen II: reformas sectoriales y grupos de interés

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¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen III: una mirada comparativa

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¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen IV: una mirada comparativa: Argentina y Brasil

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El comercio internacional en el Caribe y su transporte por vía marítima

Para los países del Caribe, el comercio internacional de bienes y su transporte son más relevantes que para muchos otros en la región (véase Boletín FAL No. 136http://www.eclac.cl/transporte/noticias/bolfall/3/4993/fal136~1.htm) y la subregión está fuertemente afectada por los cambios estructurales en el transporte marítimo (véase Boletín FAL No. 142http://www.eclac.cl/transporte/noticias/bolfall/0/5000/fal142.htm).Para analizar estos temas, la Unidad de Transporte y la subsede de la CEPAL (Trinidad y Tobago), organizaron conjuntamente una Reunión de Expertos, que tuvo lugar en Puerto España, Trinidad y Tobago, entre el 14 y el 15 de septiembre de 2000. Participaron 26 representantes de diferentes instituciones y organizaciones académicas, intergubernamentales, financieras, y empresariales.La presente edición del Boletín FAL informa sobre algunos de los resultados de esa reunión. El informe completo de la reunión se publicó bajo la sigla ECLAC LC/CAR/G.621; para solicitarlo en formato electrónico o impreso, sírvase contactar a Lance Busby,LBusby@ECLACPOS.org. Para mayor información sobre el transporte marítimo en el Caribe, sírvase contactar a Jan Hoffmann, JHoffmann@ECLAC.cl.

Impactos da ocupação urbana e qualidade das águas superficiais na microbacia da Va-de-Cães (Belém/PA)

A microbacia hidrográfica de Val-de-Cães, com 10,10Km², situada na porção norte do Município de Belém, apresenta como característica a densa ocupação urbana, representada por ocupações clandestinas, conjuntos residenciais e por áreas institucionais. O presente estudo analisa os impactos provenientes pelas principais formas de ocupação e uso da microbacia de Val-de-Cães, utilizando como indicador a qualidade das águas superficiais do corpo hídrico. As análises das águas foram realizadas em dois períodos, um chuvoso (fevereiro) e outro seco (agosto), sendo determinados os seguintes parâmetros: turbidez, condutividade, cor, pH, Oxigênio Dissolvido, temperatura, componentes nitrogenados, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, metais, óleos e graxas e coliformes totais e fecais. A água do igarapé revelou valores elevados na jusante do igarapé, possivelmente pela influência direta da baia do Guajará, para o pH, óleos e graxas, coliformes e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio. Na nascente os parâmetros de coliformes totais e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio apresentam valores que são considerados elevados em relação aos demais pontos de coleta, mas é o local que apresenta considerável número de palafitas nas proximidades e pouca vegetação. A presença de efluentes domésticos e esgotos são retratados principalmente pela quantidade de coliformes, óleos e graxas, turbidez e teor de fósforo nas amostras coletadas em ambos os períodos e pelo grande número de pontos de descargas que aumentam a cada dia.