367 resultados para Uˆnnepi kötet Honti László tiszteletére
Resumo:
Despite of Martin Heideggers warning not modern technology but modern economizing destroys the Being. With its exclusive focus on profit-making modern economizing endangers the integrity and diversity of natural ecosystems, autonomy and culture of local communities, and chances of future generations for a decent life. This paper gives a critique of the profit principle and redefines economic rationality in a more holistic, substantive and humanistic form.
Resumo:
The self-centeredness of modern organizations leads to environmental destruction and human deprivation. The principle of responsibility developed by Hans Jonas requires caring for the beings affected by our decisions and actions. Ethical decision-making creates a synthesis of reverence for ethical norms, rationality in goal achievement, and respect for the stakeholders. The maximin rule selects the "least worst alternative" in the multidimensional decision space of deontological, goal-achievement and stakeholder values. The ethical decision-maker can be characterized as having the ability to take multiple perspectives and make appropriate balance across diverse value dimensions. Modern organizations should develop a critical sensitivity to and empathy toward human and non-human beings with which they share a common environment.
Resumo:
Az 1990-es vek eleje ta tudomnyos rtekezsek s kormnyzati tervezetek szerzi egyre inkbb a tudsban, annak ltrehozsban, hasznlatban s cserjben vlik felismerni a gazdasgi nvekeds s trsadalmi fejlds legfontosabb forrst. Mindezek ellenre az eurpai nagyvllalatok innovcis, kutatsi-fejlesztsi aktivitsa, kutatsi-fejlesztsi kltsgvetse nem tkrzi ezt a felismerst. Ugyanez vonatkozik az Eurpai Uni s a tagllamok kormnyainak politikai nyilatkozataira is: csaknem tz vvel a Lisszaboni Stratgia meghirdetse s vrl vre trtn megerstse utn az EU-tagllamok tbbsge nem tudott rdemleges elrelpst tenni az innovci, a kutats-fejleszts tern. Az Eurpai Uninak nemhogy nem sikerlt "a vilg legversenykpesebb s legdinamikusabb tudsalap gazdasgv vlnia", de az elmlt tz v sorn tovbb mlylt az innovcis szakadk az Eurpai Uni tagllamai s a globlis gazdasg leginnovatvabb orszgai kztt.
Resumo:
Az rs arra a krdsre keresi a vlaszt, hogy a kt vtized utn tartss, vagyis trendd vl gazdasgi s trsadalmi eltrsek a "posztkommunista" orszgok kztt milyen okokra vezethetk vissza. Msodsorban azt elemzi, mi a jelentsge e sokrt klnbsgek modellszer kategorizlsnak. Ennek alapja az llami szerepvllals mrtke s minsge. Vgl harmadikknt azt a krdskrt vizsglja, hogy az eltrsek milyen kvetkezmnyekkel jrnak. A f kvetkeztets az, hogy a kzssgi vlasztsok ugyan jelentsek, ezek szerepe azonban a plyafggsghez kpest sokkal kisebb, mint azt a legtbb elmlet flttelezi. Az eredmny - Hayekkel szlva (Hayek [1995]) - emberi cselekvs, mde nem emberi tervezet szltte. _____ The article seeks to discover what causes can be traced for the economic and social differences that have become permanent or a trend after two decades. Secondly, it analy-ses what importance this model-like categorization of manifold differences bears. Thirdly and lastly, it examines the sphere of questions to do with the consequences of these differences. The main conclusion is that the community choices are significant, but their role is much less, by comparison with career dependence, than most theories assume. Achievement, to quote Hayek (1995) is borne of human endeavour, not human planning.
Resumo:
A minimlbr-emels a munkapiacon kzvetlenl hat a keresletre s a knlatra. Kzvetett hatsai azonban tlmutatnak a munkapiacon, ezrt azokat egy makromodell keretei kztt elemezzk. A makromodellben hromfle munkafajta s tz gazat van; az egyes gazatok az rkpzskben s az ad- s jrulkelkerlsk szerkezetben klnbznek. A minimlbr-emels munkapiaci feszltsget generl: cskkenti a foglalkoztatst a szakkpzetlenek krben. Mivel az rszint az tlagbrnl gyorsabban n, s az aggreglt foglalkoztats is cskken, gy cskken a relfogyaszts. A vllalatok profitja s beruhzsa cskken, ugyanakkor a vllalati profit cskkense mr csekly mrtk adelkerls-nvelssel is kiegyenslyozhat. A minimlbr-emels hatsra nnek ugyan az adbevtelek, viszont a kiadsok nagyobb mrtkben nnek, gy ltalban romlik az egyenleg. Aki teht a minimlbr emelst kveteli, annak a felels dnts sorn szmolnia kell ezekkel a kvetkezmnyekkel. _____ Raising the minimum wage on the labour market has direct effects on supply and demand. But its indirect effects extend beyond the labour market. They are analysed here with a macro model that distinguishes three types of work and ten industries, whose firms differ in their price structures and the degrees to which tax and social-insurance payments are avoided. Raising the minimum wage generates tension on the labour market and reduces employment of the unskilled. Since the price level rises faster than average pay and aggregate employment falls, so does real consumption. The firms profits and investment decline, but the former can be offset even by a small increase in tax avoidance. Although the rise in the minimum wage boosts tax revenues, budgetary expenditures rise more and the balance deteriorates. Advocates of a higher minimum wage need to consider these consequences if they are to reach a responsible decision.
Resumo:
Ez a tanulmny t pontban vizsglja meg, hogy a kltsgvetsi s a bankuni azonnali megvalstsra vonatkoz unis tervezetek mennyiben jrulhatnak hozz a sikeres eurpai vlsgkezelshez, tovbb hogy megvalstsuk milyen flttelrendszert ignyel. ______ The article addresses the issue if, and to what degree, the project of the fiscal and banking union in the EU, launched in June 2012 and finalized in the Council of December 2012, pre-suppose or result in a supranational arrangement. The argument suggests that severe limitations, both in terms of economics and legal arrangements, as well as of lacking democratic legitimation, result in a watered down version of ambitious projects of Brussels.
Resumo:
Kornai Jnos eddigi letmvben kzponti szerepet jtszott a szocialista s kapitalista rendszer mkdsi sajtossgainak megrtse, lersa egy olyan elmleti keretben, amely sszekapcsolja az elemzs analitikus s empirikus, elmleti s trtneti vonatkozsait. Ez a munka egyszerre tette szksgess az apr rszletek gondos sszegyjtst s az elemekbl kirakhat nagy egsz tltst. Ehhez a szksges kpessgeken tl nfegyelemre, a trggyal szembeni alzatra, odaadsra s sok-sok munkra lehetett szksg. Vajon mi sztklte e fradtsgos munkra a szerzt? A kvncsisg? Az j sszefggsek felfedezsnek intellektulis izgalma? A rejtvnyek megoldsnak rme? Nos, mindezek mellett mg valami ms is: a gyakorlati vltoztats ignye. Kornai Jnos a tudomnyt a gyakorlat megvltoztatsnak eszkzeknt is mveli. Szmra a szigor tudomnyos elemzs a gyakorlati cselekvsi alternatvk kztti vlasztst is segti. Kornai Jnos szmra a tudomny fontos emberi, ha tetszik politikai rtkeket szolgl. Munkinak bels elmletilogikai koherencija a gondolkod s cselekv ember koherencijt szolglja. Kornai Jnos 85. szletsnapja tiszteletére a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, a Kzp-eurpai Egyetem s a Magyar Nemzeti Bank nemzetkzi konferencit rendezett.
Resumo:
Az vek ta tart eurpai vlsgkezels lersa s a rszletek bemutatsa helyett a rgtnztt, politikai alapon hozott lpsek gazdasgelmleti rtelmezsre treksznk. Kutatsi alapkrdsnk a kvetkez: igaz-e mg a 70-es vek vgnek felismerse, ami szerint sem szerkezeti, sem szablyozsi eredet vlsgot nem lehet keresletlnktssel lekzdeni? Igaz-e, hogy a szuvern EU-tagllamokon bell brmi okbl hinyz bels elktelezdst nem lehet ptolni a kls fegyelmezssel? Ennek fnyben vizsgljuk a kltsgvetsi s a bankuni 2012 oktberben krvonalazott s jvhagyott tervezett is. _____ This paper attempts to provide a theoretical interpretation of new policy initiatives in the EU culminating in the launching of a fiscal and banking union in June, 2012. This step is reinforced by the new ECB strategy launched in September 2012. These measures were a result of a series of policy improvisations rather than of any secret master plan, still they add up to a new model of European integration. Our research question is if, and to what degrees the insights from the crisis of the 1970s hold. Accordingly no amount of easy money may remedy ills deriving from regulatory and structural inefficiencies. Second, we contend that no amount of external straightjacket/disciplining may replace domestic commitment of national governments in implementing structural reforms rather than fiscal adjustments on the margin.
Resumo:
A modernkori szmvitel egyik alapvet krdse, hogy a pnzgyi beszmols cmzettjt az rdekhordozkat miknt lehet azonostani. Ez a trekvs mr a klasszikus, azta meghaladott vlt elmletekben is kzponti szerepet tlttt be s modern, posztmodern elmletekben kulcsfontossgv vlt. A tapasztalatok alapjn az azonostott rdekhordozk kre mdosult, bvlt. Ennek a fejldsnek a vizsglata sorn a szmvitel szmos olyan ismrvt sikerlt azonostani, amely segtsgvel a vonatkoz szablyok tkletesthetk. Emellett az evolci vizsglata segtsgvel kzvetlenl is megfigyelhetv vlt az, hogy a szmvitelt extern mdon szablyoz hatalom szksgessge milyen felttelek teljestse mellett igazolhat. A vizsglat sorn azonosthatv vltak olyan helyzetek, amikor a szmviteli szablyoz s kvlrl irnytott pnzgyi beszmols szuboptimlis helyzethez vezet. A cikk az rdekhordozi elmletek fejldst a klasszikus felfogsoktl indulva mutatja be. Feltrja, hogy a modern jelenleg elfogadott koalcis vllalatfelfogs miben hozott jat, elssorban miknt hvta letre az extern szablyozt. _____ One of the key problems of the modern financial accounting is how to define the stakeholders. This problem was already a key issue in the already outdated classical stakeholder theories. Research and experience noted that the group of stakeholders has widened and has been modified. Through this evolution researchers identified many characteristics of financial reporting through which the regulation could have been improved. This advance pointed out which are the situations when the existence of an extern accounting regulator may be justified, since under given circumstances this existence led to suboptimal scenario. This paper deals with the stakeholder theories, starting with the classical ones. The article points out how did the currently accepted theory changed the assertions of the previous one and how was the external regulator created as an inevitable consequence. The paper also highlights the main issues raised by the post-modern theories; those, which try to fit the current questions into the current stakeholder models. The article also produces a Hungarian evidence for the previously mentioned suboptimal scenario, where the not tax-driven regulation proves to be suboptimal.
Resumo:
Production to order and production in advance has been compared in many frameworks. In this paper we investigate a mixed production in advance version of the capacity-constrained Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly game and determine the solution of the respective timing game. We show that a pure-strategy (subgame-perfect) Nash-equilibrium point exists for all possible orderings of moves. It is pointed out that unlike the production-to-order case, the equilibrium of the timing game lies at simultaneous moves. An analysis of the public firm's impact on social welfare is also carried out. All the results are compared to those of the production-to order version of the respective game.
Resumo:
Color information is widely used in non-destructive quality assessment of perishable horticultural produces. The presented work investigated color changes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) samples received from retail system. The effect of storage temperature (102C and 244C) on surface color and firmness was analyzed. Hue spectra was calculated using sum of saturations. A ColorLite sph850 (400-700nm) spectrophotometer was used as reference instrument. Dynamic firmness was measured on three locations of the surface: tip cap, middle and shoulder. Significant effects of storage conditions and surface location on both color and firmness were observed. Hue spectra responded sensitively to color development of pepper. Prediction model (PLS) was used to estimate dynamic firmess based on hue spectra. Accuracy was very different depending on the location. Firmness of the tip cap was predicted with the highest accuracy (RMSEP=0.0335). On the other hand, middle region cannot be used for such purpose. Due to the simplicity and rapid processing, analysis of hue spectra is a promising tool for evaluation of color in postharvest and food industry.
Resumo:
Historically, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf characterisation has been a driving force in the identification of cultivars. In this study, ampelometric (foliometric) analysis was done on leaf samples collected from hand-pruned, mechanically pruned and minimally pruned Sauvignon blanc and Syrah vines to estimate the impact of within-vineyard variability and a change in bud load on the stability of leaf properties. The results showed that within-vineyard variability of ampelometric characteristics was high within a cultivar, irrespective of bud load. In terms of the O.I.V. coding system, zero to four class differences were observed between minimum and maximum values of each characteristic. The value of variability of each characteristic was different between the three levels of bud load and the two cultivars. With respect to bud load, the number of shoots per vine had a significant effect on the characteristics of the leaf laminae. Single leaf area and lengths of veins changed significantly for both cultivars, irrespective of treatment, while angle between veins proved to be a stable characteristic. A large number of biometric data can be recorded on a single leaf; the data measured on several leaves, however, are not necessarily unique for a specific cultivar. The leaf characteristics analysed in this study can be divided into two groups according to the response to a change in bud load, i.e. stable (angles between the veins, depths of sinuses) and variable (length of the veins, length of the petiole, single leaf area). The variable characteristics are not recommended to be used in cultivar identification, unless the pruning method/bud load is known.
Resumo:
This essay attempts to go beyond presenting the bits and pieces of still ongoing crisis management in the EU. Instead it attempts at finding the red thread behind a series of politically improvised decisions. Our fundamental research question asks whether basic economic lessons learned in the 1970s are still valid. Namely, that a crises emanating from either structural or regulatory weaknesses cannot and should not be remedied by demand management. Our second research question is the following: Can lacking internal commitment and conviction in any member state be replaced or substituted by external pressure or formalized procedures and sanctions? Under those angles we analyze the project on establishing a fiscal and banking union in the EU, as approved by the Council in December 2012.
