I sistemi di impermeabilizzazione in edilizia: riflessioni intorno alle problematiche connesse con le tecniche di posa.

La progettazione del sistema di impermeabilizzazione di una generica copertura dipende da molti fattori: è fondamentale sia la scelta della stratigrafia, sia la scelta del materiale del manto impermeabile poiché non esistono soluzioni assolute ma solo soluzioni ottimali per ogni caso preso in esame. La progettazione della stratigrafia deve tenere conto della destinazione d’uso della copertura e del clima in cui è situato l’edificio, inoltre deve essere garantita una certa traspirabilità in modo da mantenere salubri gli ambienti sottostanti. Abbiamo visto come sia fondamentale il progetto delle soluzioni di dettaglio, dai raccordi verticali al fissaggio dei pannelli solare, dal raccordo dei bocchettoni di scarico alla sovrapposizione dei teli, tutte soluzioni che devono adeguatamente essere studiate e correttamente posate in opera. Una corretta posa in opera infatti permette la corretta realizzazione della fase di progetto. In questo elaborato ci siamo concentrati nel descrivere il più possibile la corretta esecuzione delle soluzioni di dettaglio, sottolineando, molte volte, quanto l’impermeabilizzazione dei punti singolari sia fondamentale e quanto sia importante supervisionare in cantiere la loro corretta esecuzione. In conclusione possiamo dire che una corretta soluzione progettuale è inutile se non è supportata da una corretta posa in opera della stessa e viceversa, quindi per realizzare una buona impermeabilizzazione sono fondamentali sia le fasi di studio progettuali che le fasi di lavoro in cantiere.

Studio di stati fotoeccitati in nanoparticelle di V-TiO2 mediante scattering inelastico risonante di raggi X

La TiO2 è uno dei materiali più studiati degli ultimi decenni. I motivi sono da ricercarsi nelle sue numerose applicazioni, possibili in molti campi come dispositivi fotovoltaici, depurazione da agenti inquinanti o filtraggio di raggi UV. Per le celle elettrochimiche in particolare, il biossido di titanio offre molti vantaggi, ma non è privo di ostacoli. Il limite principale è lo scarso assorbimento dello spettro visibile, dovuto all’energy gap elevato (circa 3.2 eV). La ricerca da diversi anni si concentra sul tentativo di aumentare l’assorbimento di luce solare: promettenti sono i risultati raggiunti grazie alla forma nanoparticellare della TiO2, che presenta proprietà diverse dal materiale bulk. Una delle strategie più studiate riguarda il drogaggio tramite impurità, che dovrebbero aumentare le prestazioni di assorbimento del materiale. Gli elementi ritenuti migliori a questo scopo sono il vanadio e l’azoto, che possono essere usati sia singolarmente che in co-doping. In questo lavoro abbiamo realizzato la crescita di nanoparticelle di V-TiO2, tramite Inert Gas Condensation. La morfologia e la struttura atomica sono state analizzate attraverso microscopia a trasmissione, analizzandone la mappe tramite image processing. Successivamente abbiamo studiato le proprietà di assorbimento ottico dei campioni, nello spettro visibile e nel vicino ultravioletto, attraverso il metodo della riflettanza diffusa, determinando poi il bandgap tramite Tauc Plot. L’esperimento centrale di questo lavoro di tesi è stato condotto sulla beamline ID26 dell’European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, a Grenoble. Lì, abbiamo effettuato misure XANES, allo scopo di studiare gli stati fotoeccitati del materiale. L’eccitazione avveniva mediante laser con lunghezza d’onda di 532 nm. Tramite gli spettri, abbiamo analizzato la struttura locale e lo stato di ossidazione del vanadio. Le variazioni indotta dal laser hanno permesso di capire il trasferimento di carica e determinare la vita media.

Benthic (C. wuellerstorfi) d18O, d13C and Cd/Ca in sediment core NEAP 4K across the last deglaciation

We present evidence that the characteristic chemical signature (based on coupled benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and d13C) of Antarctic Intermediate waters (AAIW) penetrated throughout the intermediate depths of the Atlantic basin to the high-latitude North Atlantic during the abrupt cooling events of the last deglaciation: Heinrich 1 and the Younger Dryas. AAIW may play the dynamic counterpart to the "bipolar seesaw" when near-freezing salty bottom waters from the Antarctic (AABW) sluggishly ventilate the deep ocean. Our data reinforce the concept that interglacial circulation is stabilized by salinity feedbacks between salty northern sourced deep waters (NADW) and fresh southern sourced waters (AABW and AAIW). Further, the glacial ocean may be susceptible to the more finely balanced relative densities of NADW and AAIW, due to either freshwater input or a reversal of the salinity gradient, such that the ocean is poised for NADW collapse via a negative salinity feedback. The unstable climate of the glacial period and its termination may arise from the closer competition for ubiquity at intermediate depths between northern and southern sourced intermediate waters.

Potential temperature in Espartel Sill (Strait of Gibraltar), from 2004-09-30 to 2016-03-02 at 344 meters depth, link to raw data in MATLAB format

Potential temperature measured with a SBE37 at 35.862ºN, 5.97ºW at 344 meters Depth. Data expand from September the 30th, 2004 to March the 2nd, 2016. Original measurement frequency was 30 minutes, the data presented here is a subsampling that extract the coldest temperature found each 12 hours. The time vector corresponds with the moment in which this minimun temperature is observed.

The Economic Case for Electric Mining Equipment and Technical Considerations Relating to their Implementation

Underground hardrock mining can be very energy intensive and in large part this can be attributed to the power consumption of underground ventilation systems. In general, the power consumed by a mine’s ventilation system and its overall scale are closely related to the amount of diesel power in operation. This is because diesel exhaust is a major source of underground air pollution, including diesel particulate matter (DPM), NO2 and heat, and because regulations tie air volumes to diesel engines. Furthermore, assuming the size of airways remains constant, the power consumption of the main system increases exponentially with the volume of air supplied to the mine. Therefore large diesel fleets lead to increased energy consumption and can also necessitate large capital expenditures on ventilation infrastructure in order to manage power requirements. Meeting ventilation requirements for equipment in a heading can result in a similar scenario with the biggest pieces leading to higher energy consumption and potentially necessitating larger ventilation tubing and taller drifts. Depending on the climate where the mine is located, large volumes of air can have a third impact on ventilation costs if heating or cooling the air is necessary. Annual heating and cooling costs, as well as the cost of the associated infrastructure, are directly related to the volume of air sent underground. This thesis considers electric mining equipment as a means for reducing the intensity and cost of energy consumption at underground, hardrock mines. Potentially, electric equipment could greatly reduce the volume of air needed to ventilate an entire mine as well as individual headings because they do not emit many of the contaminants found in diesel exhaust and because regulations do not connect air volumes to electric motors. Because of the exponential relationship between power consumption and air volumes, this could greatly reduce the amount of power required for mine ventilation as well as the capital cost of ventilation infrastructure. As heating and cooling costs are also directly linked to air volumes, the cost and energy intensity of heating and cooling the air would also be significantly reduced. A further incentive is that powering equipment from the grid is substantially cheaper than fuelling them with diesel and can also produce far fewer GHGs. Therefore, by eliminating diesel from the underground workers will enjoy safer working conditions and operators and society at large will gain from a smaller impact on the environment. Despite their significant potential, in order to produce a credible economic assessment of electric mining equipment their impact on underground systems must be understood and considered in their evaluation. Accordingly, a good deal of this thesis reviews technical considerations related to the use of electric mining equipment, especially ones that impact the economics of their implementation. The goal of this thesis will then be to present the economic potential of implementing the equipment, as well as to outline the key inputs which are necessary to support an evaluation and to provide a model and an approach which can be used by others if the relevant information is available and acceptable assumptions can be made.

Late-career international migration and reproductive work. A comparison between Peruvian and Ukrainian women in the Southern Europe

Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women´s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women’s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women’s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants´ transnational social practices and policies of states.

Comportamiento biológico y farmacocinético de dos formulaciones comerciales de ivermectina 3,15% en bovinos

Resumen Se realizó una prueba de establo para evaluar la eficacia residual de ivermectina 3,15% y los niveles plasmáticos en animales tratados con Ivomec GOLD® y con una formulación genérica frente a desafíos larvarios de Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus. En ambas formulaciones la eficacia residual presentó una gran dispersión en los días sin caída de garrapatas teleoginas post tratamiento. Descontando el ciclo parasitario la residualidad se presentó en un rango de 35 a 63 días. El análisis estadístico de los resultados de ambas formulaciones estudiadas a través de la mediana, demostró una residualidad de 52 días frente a larvas infestantes de R. (B) microplus. Los parámetros farmacocinéticos presentaron valores medios de: área bajo la curva (ABC) 1795±188 y 1351±118, picos plasmáticos (Tmax) a los 13,4±4,1 y 15,0±3,6 días post inoculación con concentración máxima (Cmax) de 65,4±1,5 y 41,1±0,3 ppb para la formulación de Ivomec GOLD® y la genérica respectivamente. Concentraciones inferiores a 10 ppb pueden representar el umbral por debajo del cual se logró desarrollar el ciclo parasitario hasta obtener garrapatas teleoginas. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán tener un mejor conocimiento para evaluar el comportamiento de las formulaciones en pruebas de establo y de campo tanto en el estudio de la eficacia, la residualidad y en el tiempo de espera para la faena.

Human exposure to particulate and gaseous pollutants in a bar.

There is increasing evidence of a causal link between airborne particles and ill health and this study examined the exposure to both airborne particles and the gas phase contaminants of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a bar. The work reported here utilized concurrent and continuous monitoring using real-time optical scattering personal samplers to record particulate (PM10) concentrations at two internal locations. Very high episodes were observed in seating areas compared with the bar area. A photo-acoustic multi-gas analyser was used to record the gas phases (CO and CO2) at eight different locations throughout the bar and showed little spatial variation. This gave a clear indication of the problems associated with achieving acceptable Indoor Air Quality in a public space and identified a fundamental problem with the simplistic design approach taken to ventilate the space. Both gaseous and particulate concentrations within the bar were below maximum recommended levels although the time-series analysis illustrated the highly episodic nature of this exposure.

La acreditación, uno de los caminos que lleva a la calidad en la educación superior: el caso de la carrera de cinesiología de la Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile

En el marco de las políticas de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior chilena, la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación dictaminó para la carrera de cinesiología de la Universidad de Antofagasta una serie de mejoras necesarias para corregir diversas dimensiones. Para dar respuesta a ello, la carrera se organizó según las orientaciones institucionales a través de la Dirección de Gestión y Análisis Institucional, y constituyó dos comités, uno de autoevaluación y otro de rediseño, los cuales estructuraron un plan de trabajo incorporando a estudiantes y académicos, empleadores y egresados, además de expertos en currículo dependientes de la vicerrectoría académica y adscritos al Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Curricular, lo que generó como resultado la renovación del perfil de egreso, los contenidos de la malla curricular, el rediseño del plan de estudios y un programa de vinculación con el medio; e incorporó, a su vez, la tesis de grado con el propósito de facilitar la investigación disciplinar en ese nivel. El propósito de este artículo es describir la experiencia de los procesos de evaluación interna (autoevaluación) y externa (acreditación de la carrera de cinesiología de la Universidad de Antofagasta). La valoración de los efectos generados por estos cambios se explorará después de transcurridos dos años de su instalación.

Comportamento da estrutura vertical de pastos mistos, sob lotação contínua com taxa variável, ao longo do ciclo de utilização.

Apesar das gramíneas anuais de inverno apresentarem bom potencial para ganho, as leguminosas são alternativas interessantes para compor pastos mistos, pois ampliam o ciclo de utilização.

Avaliação das características morfogênicas de capim-sudão BRS Estribo submetido a diferentes disponibilidades hídricas.

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes disponibilidades hídricas sobre as características morfogênicas de capim-sudão BRS Estribo.

Dinâmica do acúmulo de forragem em pastos mistos de azevém e cornichão em dois anos consecutivos.

O azevém Ponteio e o cornichão Posteiro são cultivares forrageiras recentemente lançadas para uso na Região Sul do Brasil.

El teatro peruano contemporáneo (1960-2000). Aproximación

An Approach to contemporary Peruvian theatre (1960-2000) is a work of research that attempts to justify an initial assumption: contemporary Peruvian theatre could not have come to an end at the close of the 1950s with the few writers mentioned briefly in histories of literature, such as Sebastián Salazar Bondy, Enrique Solari Swayne, Juan Ríos and Julio Ramón Ribeyro. Moreover, these are writers noted for their work in other areas of literature and not specifically defined as playwrights. There must have been a new generation of theatrical authors starting in the 1960s who did not gain notoriety in Peru or, of course, beyond its borders. In the preface to his collected works, Mario Vargas Llosa gives us a clue that illustrates this period: “To write theatre in the Lima of those years, was worse than to weep; it was almost to condemn yourself never to see what you wrote on the stage, which is even sadder and more frustrating than it is for a poet or novelist to die unpublished.” [2001: 4] The huge social inequality that characterised Peruvian society at the time meant that only a small elite had access to theatres...

Dinâmica de fluxo e renovação de folhas em perfilhos de capim-sudão BRS Estribo sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas.

A cultivar de capim-sudão BRS Estribo, forrageira anual de verão, é fruto de um trabalho de parceria entre Embrapa e Sulpasto. Pelo crescente uso desta planta objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o fluxo e renovação de folhas do BRS Estribo ao longo do seu ciclo e sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas. O trabalho foi conduzido na Embrapa Pecuária Sul de março a junho 2015.

Comportamento da distribuição dos componentes morfológicos do perfil vertical de campos nativos, sob níveis de intensificação, em quatro de anos de monitoramento.

A pastagem nativa é caracterizada pela alta diversidade florística. Essa composição florística é marcada por espécies estivais que produzem essencialmente na primavera, verão e início do outono.