Brèves considérations sur Jean-Marie Géhu et la phytosociologie au Portugal

O artigo destaca a importância do Prof. Jean-Marie Géhu no desenvolvimento da fitossociologia, não só através do incentivo e apoio à fundação de várias associações científicas, mas também através da criação de três séries de periódicos científicos, com larga difusão na Europa. Por outro lado, destaca ainda a forte ligação do Prof. Jean-Marie Géhu a Portugal, onde orientou trabalhos de doutoramento e realizou vários levantamentos de campo que deram origem a publicações científicas estruturantes para a Fitossociologia em Portugal. Por último, em estreita colaboração com outros fitossociólogos europeus, saliente-se ainda a elevada produção científica que em muito contribuiu para o desenvolvimento desta ciência.

Study of the allergenic profile of pollen from Platanus hybrida in the city of Evora, Portugal

Background and Aim: Although grasses and olive are the most relevant allergenic species in the Alentejo region, aggravation of allergic symptoms in the early spring, unrelated with those species pollen seasons, has been reported, particularly in urban environment. Plane trees, hence pollen, are highly abundant in the city of Évora, nonetheless allergen pollen profile has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this work was to characterize the allergen profile of pollen from Platanus hybrida, one of the most representative species in Evora showing pollination prior to the main pollen season in Alentejo. Methods: Pollen from Platanus hybrida and Dactylis glomerata was extracted with ammonium bicarbonate buffer, lyophilized and stored at -80ºC until analysis. Protein content was determined by the Bradford method. SDS-PAGE followed by western blot, using allergic patient sera (obtained from the Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora – HESE), were performed to evaluate the allergen profile of the pollen. Sensitization and cross-reactivity was assessed by solid phase immunoblot. Results: Half of the patient exhibited sensitization to pollen extracts of P. Hybrida. Western blot have shown several immunoreactive bands in the Mr 10-90 kDa range. Immunoreactive bands were also observed in the protein profile according to the pI in the pI range 4.0-6.1. Cross-reactivity of P. hybrida with D. glomerata was found. Although several bands are common to D. glomerata, a band with ~50kDa was observed in P. hybrida but not in D. glometata. Conclusion: These results evidenced allergens found in P. hybrida pollen. Moreover, cross–reactivity between P. hybrida and highly allergenic species such as D. glomerata was found which probably contributes for aggravation of pollinosis in the early spring. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by FEDER through the “Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade – COMPETE” (Strategic projects of ICAAM and ICT 2013-2015).

Allergenic profile of Quercus rotundifolia pollen in Alentejo, Portugal

Background and Aim: Grasses and olive are the most relevant allergenic species in the Alentejo region. However, aggravation of allergic symptoms has been reported in the early spring, before grass and olive pollen seasons. Quercus pollen is the most abundant pollen type in the early spring in Alentejo, nonetheless its allergen profile has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this work was to characterize the allergen profile of pollen from Quercus rotundifolia among the most representative species showing pollination in April, prior to the main pollen season in Alentejo. Methods: Pollen from Quercus rotundifolia, Olea europaea and Dactylis glomerata was extracted with ammonium bicarbonate buffer, lyophilized and stored at -80ºC until analysis. Extract from Quercus ilex pollen was kindly offered by Bial. Protein content was determined by the Bradford method. SDS-PAGE followed by western blot, using allergic patient sera (obtained from the Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora – HESE), were performed to evaluate the allergen profile of the pollen. Sensitization and cross-reactivity was assessed by solid phase immunoblot. Results: Most of the patient evidenced sensitization to pollen extracts of Q. rotundifolia. Protein profile of Q. rotundifolia has shown several bands in the Mr 10-90 kDa, mostly overlapping with Q. ilex. Western blot have shown several immunoreactive bands. Immunoreactive bands were also observed in the protein profile according to the pI in the range 4.0-6.1. Cross-reactivity between Q. rotundifolia with O. europaea and D. glomerata was found. Conclusion: These results evidenced allergens found in Q. rotundifolia pollen. It also shows that protein profile of Q. rotundifolia and Q. ilex are mostly alike suggesting that similarities in allergen profile are expected. Moreover, cross–reactivity between Q. rotundifolia and highly allergenic species such as O. europaea and D. glomerata was found which probably contributes to the aggravation of pollinosis in the early spring. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by FEDER through the “Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade – COMPETE” (Strategic projects of ICAAM and ICT 2013-2015). We also aknowledge Bial-Aristegui for supplying pollen and extract samples of Q. ilex.

Subjective Aspects of People with Chronic Ulcers: a Qualitative Study in Brazil and Portugal

Introduction: The experience built in the process of living with chronic ulcer is marked by changes such as the inability to work, to relate socially and causes the need to adapt to a routine care. Understanding this network of meanings is important to develop techniques of individual or collective care. Objective: To understand impregnated subjectivities in the everyday experiences of Brazilian and Portuguese patients with chronic ulcers, in the light of the Oral History of life. Method: Comparative study with a qualitative approach, using Oral History as method and technique. The network of collaborators, formed by males and females, aged 39-82 years, was structured into two groups, one consisting of 06 people in Natal/RN, Brazil and another composed of 10 people in Évora/Portugal. In both groups, the narratives were collected through open questions, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the technique of thematic content analysis. Results: Through the analysis, three themes were revealed: Social repercussion in Brazil and in Portugal; Trajectory of theinjured person; and Coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Changes were observed in social life, leading contributors to isolation, in addition to confronting the stigma experienced. There were also identified points as the reinterpretation of chronic wound carrier about their disease and coping strategies of their chroniccondition.

A formação de professores em Portugal e o processo de Bolonha

Um dos mais importantes objetivos do Processo de Bolonha em Portugal foi garantir a qualidade da formação dos cidadãos. Mas este compromisso de qualidade só se tornará evidente caso se garanta uma formação de professores que atenda de forma adequada a esta exigência. A reestruturação da formação inicial de professores no âmbito das reformas implementadas pelo Processo de Bolonha, em Portugal culminou com a publicação do Decreto-Lei nº43/2007, que promove relevantes transformações relativamente aos modelos anteriores. Nomeadamente a estipulação da habilitação profissional, conferida agora pelo grau de Mestre, como condição indispensável para o exercício da docência, seja em que nível ou área de ensino for. Ou seja, o mestrado profissionalizante deixou de ser considerado como uma formação pós-graduada para passar a fazer parte integrante da formação inicial de professores. Neste texto, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre marcos contextuais e legislativos da história da formação de professores em Portugal, fazendo uma apreciação das alterações introduzidas pelo Processo de Bolonha.

Lithic economy and territory of Epipaleolithic hunter–gatherers in the Middle Tagus: The case of Pena d'Água (Portugal)

In Central Portugal (westernmost Eurasia) the transition from the traditional Pleistocene hunter–gatherer societies to the complex Mesolithic societies of the Holocene has been debated for decades. While some argue that these differences were a progressive phenomenon that started with the shift from the Pleistocene to the Holocene, others defend that the Late Pleistocene patterns were fairly similar to those of the Epipaleolithic and that the major shift was rapid, dramatic and triggered by the necessary adaptation to the 8.2 ka cal BP (8.09–8.25 ka cal BP) climatic event. The study of lithic raw material provenance might be useful for this discussion, since it has been suggested that the Magdalenian and Epipaleolithic populations from this region were collecting this resources within a close range territory, whereas the Mesolithic populations were acquiring them at longer distances. In this paper, we present the results from p-XRF, VP-SEM-EDS and μ-XRD analysis done on the Epipaleolithic lithic assemblage from Pena d'Água Rockshelter, and in some geological samples from secondary sources located ∼14 km from this site. This layer is of major relevance for this debate since it is dated from 8.19 ka cal BP. If the transition was gradual, it would be expected that this assemblage would show some traits of higher-complexity seen in the Mesolithic, namely of longer distance acquisition. However, our results indicate correspondence between the archaeological chert types and some of the geological sources. The differences seen between the archaeological specimens and geological samples are mostly present in traits that can be related with manufacture, handling and post-depositional phenomena. The results suggest that, in what concerns to the economy of abiotic resources, the Epipaleolithic populations living at the time of the dramatic 8.2 ka cal BP cold event, were performing a short range acquisition of lithic raw materials which reinforces the idea of continuity from the Late Pleistocene to the 8.2 ka cal BP event and an abrupt and dramatic shift soon after this phenomena.

Characterization of the glaze and in-glaze pigments of the nineteenth-century relief tiles from the Pena National Palace, Sintra, Portugal

The glaze and in-glaze pigments of the historical nineteenth-century glazed tiles from the Pena National Palace (Sintra, Portugal) were characterized using a multi-analytical approach. Chemical composition and microstructural characterization were ascertained by µ-PIXE, µ-Raman, optical microscopy and VP-SEM–EDS. The manufacturing technique and colour palette in these tiles were found to be close to the ceramic pigments used in traditional majolica. The blue and purple colours derive from cobalt oxide and manganese oxide, respectively. A mixture of Pb–Sn–Sb yellow with cobalt oxide and iron oxide was used for green and dark yellow, respectively, while grey tonalities consist of a complex mixture of cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and Pb–Sn–Sb yellow in different proportions. Results obtained allowed the determination of the oxides and elements used in pigments as well as production techniques, resorting to traditional majolica manufacture, although the tiles were produced by the end of the nineteenth century.

Between service and loyalty: chancery and chancellors of Portugal in the 14th century

Estudo dos perfis e carreiras dos chancelares que serviram os reis portugueses ao longo do século XIV. Procura-se, com este estudo, reflectir sobre a evolução do papel dos eclesiásticos na construção da realeza e estabelecer tendências para a evolução dos perfis dos protagonistas do serviço régio.

19th c. Coloured stuccos and plasters from Grilos' Church (Oporto, Portugal): Materials and techniques employed

The Oporto's St. Lourenço Church of the Jesuit College is locally known, since the St. Augustin Barefooted Eremites occupation (1779/80), as Grilos' Church. The Oporto's siege laid by D. Pedro and D. Miguel (1832/33) succeed in the college abandonment by Grilo's Friars. Throughout Augustin Friars presence period, the white plasters of the nave (end of 18th c.) were executed and it was constructed the Holly Sacrament Chapel (early 19th c.) with neoclassic coloured stuccos and plasters, influenced by Robert Adam, Luigi Chiari and Teixeira Barreto ornamental motifs. Pigments were added to the external layer to imitate the marble and to achieve the “base” colour of the panels. This study of the blue, rose and white stuccos and plasters of H.S. Chapel of Grilo's Church allows carrying out useful database on the original mortars composition by the use of different analytical techniques, important to select the most adequate solutions for restoration interventions. Optical microscopy, XRD, TG-DTA, SEM-EDS, XRF analysis results were considered to identify the composition of different layers and to provide mineralogical, microstructure and chemical characterization of the mortars components and to quantify the binder content in those mortars. These results were compared with collected information on compositions from other sources. This study allowed the identification of the decay causes of decorative stuccos and plaster, suggesting that water retention in the masonries and wooden laths structure of the dome of the chapel is the main factor.

Satisfação laboral dos docentes no ensino superior: um estudo comparativo Portugal- Espanha

Nas instituições do ensino superior, a satisfação dos docentes surge como uma componente essencial para garantir o bom funcionamento da mesma. Um nível adequado da satisfação laboral dos docentes permite aumentar o seu desempenho e acima de tudo, permite atingir níveis superiores de qualidade dos serviços que se oferece aos alunos. Este trabalho baseia-se na investigação de uma dissertação da área de Gestão de Recursos Humanos, cujo objetivo é analisar e comparar o nível de satisfação laboral dos docentes de ensino superior, conhecer o nível de qualidade percecionado pelos docentes, dos serviços oferecidos ao aluno, assim como, identificar as motivações que determinaram estes professores a elegerem a carreira docente. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos adotou-se o método quantitativo e a recolha de dados realiza-se através de um questionário elaborado com base na revisão de literatura. A população alvo abrange 180 professores da Escola de Ciências Socias da Universidade de Évora (Portugal), e 74 da Facultad de Empresa, Finanzas y Turismo da Universidade de Extremadura (Espanha). O resultado deste trabalho será o fruto da pesquisa da dissertação que está em curso, uma consequência derivada da colaboração do programa Erasmus entre a Universidade de Évora e Universidade de Extremadura.

A Imagem do Agricultor e da Agricultura: resultados e reflexões decorrentes do projeto nova imagem para novos agricultores (estudo comparativo Alentejo – Portugal, e Beauce et Gâtinais - França)

Como se poderá melhorar a imagem do agricultor e da atividade agrícola nos territórios rurais e na sociedade em geral? Para dar resposta a este problema foi realizado um estudo num território do Alentejo (Portugal) e num território do centro de França com os seguintes objetivos: i) Conhecer a perceção de população urbana e rural sobre a profissão de agricultor; ii) Conhecer a perceção dos jovens agricultores sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável; iii) Encontrar ameaças e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento da atividade dos agricultores, e iv) Elaborar um plano de ação conjunto para prestigiar e melhorar a representação social da profissão de agricultor e da atividade agrícola. Para atingir estes objetivos recorreu-se à análise bibliográfica, e à aplicação de entrevistas e questionários a uma amostra de conveniência, o que resultou no conhecimento das características dos agricultores e da atividade agrícola nos dois territórios, e no conhecimento de questões específicas relacionadas nomeadamente com: i) perceção sobre o desenvolvimento durável, ii) auto-avaliação da exploração agrícola, iii) perceção (por parte de uma amostra da população) dos agricultores e da agricultura e iv) perspetivas futuras no enquadramento do Quadro Estratégico Comum 2020. Os resultados da pesquisa são apresentados através dos seguintes pontos: i) Introdução; ii) Metodologia; iii) Apresentação do projeto; iv) Análise comparativa da perceção dos diferentes atores, v) Que novas perspetivas para o caso do Alentejo?, e vi) Considerações finais e Conclusões.

Processos de integração de normas e práticas nos campos da assistência e da saúde (Portugal, séculos XVI-XVIII)

Dentre as iniciativas políticas conducentes à criação do Estado Moderno, contam-se as que procuraram tornar a administração central e local mais eficaz e melhor conhecer o território e integrá-lo juridicamente, objetivos para os quais os monarcas mobilizaram vários recursos. Neste processo salientam-se, em Portugal, na síntese de Margarida Sobral Neto, a reorganização das estruturas centrais do Estado, a publicação das Ordenações Manuelinas, a reforma dos forais, o regimento das sisas e, em 1520, a criação do ofício de correio-mor. Na senda de trabalhos anteriores, reafirma-se neste texto que a Coroa utilizou as políticas de assistência com idênticos propósitos de centralização e hegemonia do poder régio. Partindo da documentação das misericórdias inventariada no primeiro volume dos Portugaliae Monumenta Misericordiarum, procurar-se observar a assistência e a saúde como veículos de transmissão dos signos reais e de valores e modos de proceder, que não só ajudaram a colmatar as fragilidades da incipiente burocracia como permitiram aos monarcas alcançar áreas aonde aquela dificilmente chegaria.

La Formation au théâtre au Portugal

Apresentação crítica do percurso formativo em Teatro no Ensino Superior em Portugal

Cultural Values Change in the Rehabilitation of Historic Schools in Portugal

Despite the importance of the preservation of the historic built environment for the benefit of present and future generations, there is a lack of knowledge of the effects of architectural rehabilitation decisions on the cultural significance of historic buildings. Architectural heritage conservation literature has focused almost exclusively on providing principles and guidelines, describing intervention methodologies, and discussing predicted impacts of design on material values. This thesis argues that a focus on the actual effects is needed if the sociocultural sustainability of historic buildings significance is to be achieved. Supported by an extensive literature review and informed by personal insights from the researcher’s everyday practice, an adapted model of the Theory of Change based on Weiss (1995) was designed, providing a tool to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on cultural significance [ERECS]. Using a selection of six recently rehabilitated historic secondary schools in Portugal (liceus), this research investigated architectural decisions and their effects on the cultural values of this building typology for education, focusing on three objectives, corresponding to three stages of interventions: understanding the existing cultural significance, identifying the design strategies applied and assessing the short-term effects of design decisions on the cultural values. Stressing the role of stakeholders in rehabilitation processes, data were collected from the buildings and architectural projects, the decision makers in the conservation process, and the school community. Although confirming that the evaluation of the effects of architectural decisions on cultural values is a complex task, the findings demonstrate that the historic liceus have historical, architectural and sociocultural values, and whilst strategies did not value social values, material cultural values were generally considered and preserved, contributing to the enhancement of intangible values. The implications of this theory-based and evidence-based research highlight the importance of evaluating actual effects for cultural heritage theory, architectural conservation practice and heritage management policy.

PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL SOBRE OS CHARCOS TEMPORÁRIOS DA COSTA SUDOESTE DE PORTUGAL

O Sítio de Importância Comunitária da Costa Sudoeste de Portugal alberga 49 habitats naturais e seminaturais, 25% considerados prioritários. A ocupação e uso do solo estão a ameaçar valores paisagísticos e ecológicos nesta área protegida. As principais causas de degradação ambiental são a intensificação agrícola e o crescimento turístico. Os Charcos Temporários Mediterrânicos estão legalmente protegidos, mas cerca de 50% desapareceram em 18 anos. Apesar de haver bons estudos sobre as ameaças e os impactos na biodiversidade associada aos charcos temporários, nenhum ilustra a perceção ambiental da população. Foram realizados questionários e entrevistas a quatro públicos-alvo (população local, turistas, agricultores e administradores) nos concelhos de Odemira e Vila do Bispo. Existem diferenças na perceção destes públicos no que respeita a valoração do habitat como recurso natural. No concelho de Odemira valora-se os charcos temporários pela utilidade que podem ter nas atividades agrícolas tradicionais. Em Vila do Bispo, valora-se mais o uso turístico. Turistas estrangeiros dão mais valor à conservação do que turistas nacionais. Os agricultores valoram os charcos temporários consoante a localização destes no terreno. Se a sua presença não interferir com a produção, são considerados mais-valias, mas se reduzirem a rentabilidade da exploração, serão pontos de conflito com a gestão da área protegida. Os administradores valoram o habitat por ser um elemento diferenciador do território e reconhecem a sua potencialidade para o turismo de natureza. São propostas ações de sensibilização para a conservação dos charcos temporários e minimização dos conflitos existentes entre desenvolvimento local, gestão e conservação deste habitat.