Accelerating benders decomposition with heuristicmaster problem solutions

In this paper, a general scheme for generating extra cuts during the execution of a Benders decomposition algorithm is presented. These cuts are based on feasible and infeasible master problem solutions generated by means of a heuristic. This article includes general guidelines and a case study with a fixed charge network design problem. Computational tests with instances of this problem show the efficiency of the strategy. The most important aspect of the proposed ideas is their generality, which allows them to be used in virtually any Benders decomposition implementation.

Bootstrap confidence intervals for industrial recurrent event data

Industrial recurrent event data where an event of interest can be observed more than once in a single sample unit are presented in several areas, such as engineering, manufacturing and industrial reliability. Such type of data provide information about the number of events, time to their occurrence and also their costs. Nelson (1995) presents a methodology to obtain asymptotic confidence intervals for the cost and the number of cumulative recurrent events. Although this is a standard procedure, it can not perform well in some situations, in particular when the sample size available is small. In this context, computer-intensive methods such as bootstrap can be used to construct confidence intervals. In this paper, we propose a technique based on the bootstrap method to have interval estimates for the cost and the number of cumulative events. One of the advantages of the proposed methodology is the possibility for its application in several areas and its easy computational implementation. In addition, it can be a better alternative than asymptotic-based methods to calculate confidence intervals, according to some Monte Carlo simulations. An example from the engineering area illustrates the methodology.

An analysis of Taguchi's on-line quality monitoring procedure for variables based on the results of a sequence of inspections

In this paper, a procedure for the on-line process control of variables is proposed. This procedure consists of inspecting the m-th item from every m produced items and deciding, at each inspection, whether the process is out-of-control. Two sets of limits, warning (µ0 ± W) and control (µ0 ± C), are used. If the value of the monitored statistic falls beyond the control limits or if a sequence of h observations falls between the warning limits and the control limits, the production is stopped for adjustment; otherwise, production goes on. The properties of an ergodic Markov chain are used to obtain an expression for the average cost per item. The parameters (the sampling interval m, the widths of the warning, the control limits W and C(W < C), and the sequence length (h) are optimized by minimizing the cost function. A numerical example illustrates the proposed procedure.

Metodi perturbativi dipendenti dal tempo

Sono rari i problemi risolubili in maniera esatta in meccanica quantistica. Ciò è legato alle difficoltà matemtiche insite nella teoria dei quanti. Inoltre i problemi risolti, pur essendo in alcuni casi delle ottime approssimazioni, sono spesso delle astrazioni delle situazioni reali. Si pensi ad esempio al caso di una particella quantistica di un problema unidimensionale. Questi sistemi sono talmente astratti da violare un principio fondamentale, il principio di indetermi- nazione. Infatti le componenti dell’impulso e della posizione perpendicolari al moto sono nulle e quindi sono note con certezza ad ogni istante di tempo. Per poter ottenere una descrizione dei modelli che tendono alla realtà è necessario ricorrere alle tecniche di approssimazione. In questa tesi sono stati considerati i fenomeni che coinvolgono una interazione variabile nel tempo. In particolare nella prima parte è stata sviluppata la teoria delle rappresentazioni della meccanica quantistica necessaria per la definizione della serie di Dyson. Questa serie oper- atoriale dovrebbe convergere (il problema della convergenza non è banale) verso l’operatore di evoluzione temporale, grazie al quale è possibile conoscere come un sistema evolve nel tempo. Quindi riuscire a determinare la serie di Dyson fino ad un certo ordine costituisce una soluzione approssimata del problema in esame. Supponiamo che sia possibile scomporre l’hamiltoniana di un sistema fisico nella somma di due termini del tipo: H = H0 + V (t), dove V (t) è una piccola perturbazione dipendente dal tempo di un problema risolubile esattamente caratterizzato dall’hamiltoniana H0 . In tal caso sono applicabili i metodi della teoria perturbativa dipendente dal tempo. Sono stati considerati due casi limite, ovvero il caso in cui lo spettro dell’hamiltoniana imperturbata sia discreto e non degenere ed il caso in cui lo spettro sia continuo. La soluzione al primo ordine del caso discreto è stata applicata per poter formu- lare il principio di indeterminazione energia-tempo e per determinare le regole di selezione in approssimazione di dipolo elettrico. Il secondo caso è servito per spiegare il decadimento beta, rimanendo nel campo della teoria quantistica classica (per una trattazione profonda del problema sarebbe necessaria la teoria dei campi).

Substanz oder Zeichen?

Das medienvermittelte Bild von Architektur ist fast ausschließlich ein Bild von Neubauten und technischen Innovationen. Das Zustandekommen dieses Bildes ist eng mit Suggestion und Selbstverständnis einer architektonischen Moderne verbunden, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Traditionsbruch zum Programm erhob, Anlehnung an Methoden der Serienproduktion suchte und schließlich in den 60er und 70er Jahren Architekturproduktion zu einem System sorgenfreien Konsums und unablässiger Innovationen stilisierte. Diese Wunschvorstellung stößt nicht allein angesichts begrenzter Ressourcen an ihre Grenzen. Auch das Ausmaß an psychisch verkraftbarer Umweltveränderung unterliegt einer seelischen Ökonomie. Die menschliche Psyche benötigt Vertrautes als Orientierungsrahmen. Dieser Rahmen ist aber nicht allein auf eigene Erfahrungen bezogen. Auch medienvermittelte Bilder prägen Vorstellungen und Referenzräume. Architektur ist mehr als ein funktionales, konstruktives oder ökonomisch produziertes System – Architektur ist ein Zeichen. Auch die Architektur der Moderne ist längst zu einem Zeichensystem geworden, das in das kulturelle Gedächtnis der Gegenwart eingegangen ist und als Referenzrahmen fortwirkt, wenn heute über Erhalt oder Abriss von Bauten der Nachkriegszeit diskutiert wird.

"Évaluer", "accompagner", "contrarier":

Diskutiert werden die Möglichkeiten architektonischen Einfügens anhand der Position, die der französische Architekt Jean Nouvel in Theorie wie Praxis einnimmt. Im Rückblick auf sein Werk zeigt sich dabei, dass er sich von Anbeginn mit der Reflexion über die Möglichkeiten und die Grenzen architektonischen Einfügens in bereits bestehende bauliche Ensembles auseinandergesetzt und eine Reihe von Konzepten entwickelt hat, deren Begrifflichkeit sich an Philosophen wie Félix Guattari, Gilles Deleuze und Michel Foucault orientiert. Die konkrete Anwendung dieser Begriffe wird anhand von zwei Projekten erörtert, die einmal die Einfügung eines kompletten Gebäudeinnern in bereits bestehende Außenwände eines historischen Baus (Oper Lyon), ein anderes Mal die Einfügung eines Neubaus in ein prägnantes, städtebauliches Ensemble (Hotel "Sofitel Vienna Stephansdom“) betreffen.

Operative treatment of congenital hip osteoarthritis with high hip luxation (Crowe type IV)

OBJECTIVE The aim of the therapy is mechanical and functional stabilization of high dislocated hips with dysplasia coxarthrosis using total hip arthroplasty (THA). INDICATIONS Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in adults, symptomatic dysplasia coxarthrosis, high hip dislocation according to Crowe type III/IV, and symptomatic leg length inequality. CONTRAINDICATIONS Cerebrospinal dysfunction, muscular dystrophy, apparent disturbance of bone metabolism, acute or chronic infections, and immunocompromised patients. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE With the patient in a lateral decubitus position an incision is made between the anterior border of the gluteus maximus muscle and the posterior border of the gluteus medius muscle (Gibson interval). Identification of the sciatic nerve to protect the nerve from traction disorders by visual control. After performing trochanter flip osteotomy, preparation of the true actetabulum if possible. Implantation of the reinforcement ring, preparation of the femur and if necessary for mobilization, resection until the trochanter minor. Test repositioning under control of the sciatic nerve. Finally, refixation of the trochanteric crest. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT During hospital stay, intensive mobilization of the hip joint using a continuous passive motion machine with maximum flexion of 70°. No active abduction and passive adduction over the body midline. Maximum weight bearing 10-15 kg for 8 weeks, subsequently, first clinical and radiographic follow-up and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis until full weight bearing. RESULTS From 1995 to 2012, 28 THAs of a Crow type IV high hip-dislocation were performed in our institute. Until now 14 patients have been analyzed during a follow-up of 8 years in 2012. Mid-term results showed an improvement of the postoperative clinical score (Merle d'Aubigné score) in 86 % of patients. Good to excellent results were obtained in 79 % of cases. Long-term results are not yet available. In one case an iatrogenic neuropraxia of the sciatic nerve was observed and after trauma a redislocation of the arthroplasty appeared in another case. In 2 cases an infection of the THA appeared 8 and 15 months after index surgery. No pseudoarthrosis of the trochanter or aseptic loosening was noticed.

Paisajes después de la batalla

Sobre la base de un riguroso y sistemático análisis del dossier genético de la novela Paisajes después de la batalla (borradores autógrafos, recortes de prensa, sinopsis), conservado en la Diputación Provincial de Almería, Bénédicte Vauthier se adentra en el taller de escritura de Juan Goytisolo en un estudio genético verdaderamente pionero en las letras hispánicas contemporáneas peninsulares. Después de presentar el estado de los archivos y la peculiar manera de escribir de J. Goytisolo, B. Vauthier vuelve sobre la composición original de Paisajes después de la batalla, analiza cómo el autor incorporó estilísticamente el material ajeno que entró en la composición de la obra (recortes de prensa) o la informó implícita o explícitamente (intertextualidad de Gustave Flaubert, Walter Benjamin, Karl Kraus, Leila Sebbar, Lewis Carroll). Finalmente, en la óptica de una «poética de transición entre estados», B. Vauthier se interroga sobre el sentido de la supresión que Goytisolo operó en la nueva edición de su obra (2006), que se vuelve a publicar aquí respetando esta decisión de «poda». Ilustrados por numerosos facsímiles y autógrafos, los preliminares vienen seguidos de una edición crítica de la novela que permite la localización exacta