Participação da odontologia na Equipe de Pré natal na ESF à luz da literatura: oprtunidade de promover saúde

O pré-natal realizado na Estratégia Saúde da Família é uma atividade habitualmente realizada na rotina de trabalho da equipe de saúde. A participação da equipe de saúde bucal dentro da equipe de pré-natal na ESF ainda é pouco expressiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a atuação da equipe de pré-natal na ESF e como a Odontologia pode contribuir neste trabalho, por considerar que a mesma é também, uma oportunidade de promover saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de produções científicas em saúde, através de levantamento na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, sites do Ministério da Saúde e da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, com publicações entre os anos de 2005 a 2012. O material foi selecionado entre os meses de Agosto a Novembro de 2012. Existe uma cultura que não valoriza nem estimula a atenção odontológica durante a gravidez. O atendimento odontológico de gestantes é um assunto bastante controverso, principalmente em função dos mitos que existem acerca do tratamento, tanto por parte das gestantes como por parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas que não se sentem seguros em atendê-las, por isso é sempre um desafio organizar e priorizar este atendimento. Pode-se concluir que o cirurgião dentista deve ser inserido nas equipes multiprofissionais que acompanham a gestante durante o pré-natal, como forma de desmistificar os principais mitos que envolvem o atendimento odontológico e atender integralmente essa parcela da população. E também que o pré-natal odontológico é uma oportunidade de promoção da saúde, pois é considerado como um momento oportuno para difusão da informação em saúde.

Odontologia na terceira idade

O envelhecimento da população brasileira é reflexo do aumento da expectativa de vida, devido ao avanço no campo da saúde. Para envelhecer bem é necessário que a pessoa, ainda na idade adulta, pratique esportes, mantenha uma alimentação saudável e de qualidade. Com o desenvolvimento da medicina, o tratamento de patologias e a prevenção de doenças estão sempre caminhando em benefício da comunidade, consequentemente a expectativa de vida está aumentando e a população ficando mais idosa em praticamente todos os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento do Mundo. A Odontologia também está verificando que uma população de idade mais avançada está procurando cuidados profissionais, onde a média dos profissionais, não está capacitada para os tratamentos específicos para estas pessoas. A atenção á saúde odontológica do idoso busca desenvolver ações na promoção do envelhecimento saudável; a prevenção de doenças; a recuperação à saúde dos que adoece; as reabilitações daqueles que venham a ter a sua capacidade restringida, de modo a garantir que avanços odontológicos permita que as pessoas possam desfrutar uma vida com mais qualidade

A inserção dos acadêmicos de odontologia na Estratégia de Saúde da Família

As equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) são uma realidade e uma bem sucedida modalidade de atenção básica. Em 2000, foi criado o incentivo a saúde bucal pelo Ministério da Saúde que propiciou a inserção das Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) na ESF. Esta estratégia se constitui atualmente numa fonte de emprego em expansão para o cirurgião-dentista no Brasil. Entretanto, o cirurgião-dentista que trabalha na ESF vê-se frequentemente diante de muitos desafios, sentindo-se, em alguns momentos, inseguro e despreparado para exercer as suas atividades devido, em grande parte, pela formação recebida, muita das vezes voltada para as ações curativas e técnicas clínicas, com pouca ênfase para os fatores socioeconômicos e psicológicos envolvidos no processo saúde-doença e no desenvolvimento de atividades de promoção da saúde. Trabalhar estes aspectos desde a formação acadêmica tornará o profissional da Odontologia do futuro preparado para enfrentar esse enviar momento da saúde bucal. Diante disso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica para subsidiar o projeto de inserção de estudantes de odontologia do 1º ao 5º períodos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família, durante o Estágio Supervisionado. Com isso preparar os acadêmicos de Odontologia para a atuação no campo da atenção básica. O envolvimento dos alunos diante da nova realidade observada enriquece a formação profissional, como o conhecimento do processo de trabalho e das diretrizes utilizadas nas ESF, além da participação nas atividades desenvolvidas na unidade, tanto no âmbito odontológico, quanto geral

Odontologia: Protocolos de biossegurança

O vídeo fala sobre o protocolo de biossegurança em odontologia, meios de contaminação, anaminese, meios de proteção e equipamentos de proteção individual.

Governamentalidade democrática e ensino de Filosofia no Brasil contemporâneo

This article takes the concepts of biopower and governmentality as the starting point for an analysis of certain recent Brazilian government documents about the introduction of Philosophy as a subject in secondary school. In the 1980s, this argument centered on Philosophy's so-called criticism and its potential for preparing citizens for a democratic society, was used by the movements aimed to restore democracy in Brazil. This argument appears to have been assimilated by the Brazilian government, because it is stated in the Guidelines and Bases of Education Law, secondary school students should demonstrate knowledge of philosophy necessary for the exercise of citizenship. The argument also appears in documents such as the PCN and PCN+ (National Curricular Parameters) and OCEM (Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School) in their chapters on Philosophy. These documents are examined here in the light of governmentality, making explicit how Philosophy is equipped to train young people according to what is understood as a modern democratic society.

O comportamento de crianças durante atendimento odontológico

This research intended to investigate the use of diazepam in conjunction with behavioral strategies to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. The 6 participants received dental treatment during 9 sessions. Using a double-blind design, children received placebo or diazepam and at the same time were submitted to behavior management produces (distraction, explanation, reinforcement and set rule and limits). All sessions were recorded in video-tapes biped in 15 seconds intervals, in which observers recorded child's (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior. The results indicated that diazepam, considering the used dose, was only effective with one subject. The other participants didn't permit the treatment and showed an increase in their resistance. The behavioral preparation strategies for dental treatment should have been more precisely planned in order to help the child to face the real dental treatment conditions mainly in the first sessions avoiding to reinforce inappropriate behaviors.

Prolongamento da amamentação após o primeiro ano de vida: argumentos das mães

This paper aims to identify and analyze the reasons pointed by mothers to prolong breastfeeding beyond the first year of the child s life. The study involved 40 mothers whose children were treated in the Preventive Program of Research and Dental Treatment Center for Special Patients - Dental School of Piracicaba - UNICAMP. The group consisted of mothers who prolonged the breastfeeding beyond the baby s first year of life. All mothers were surveyed by a researcher using a specific questionnaire. In order to avoid information loss, the interviews were taped, then transcripted. Results showed that the main cause of the extended breastfeeding was maternal pleasure. It was also observed that the mother and infant attachment favors prolonged breastfeeding occurrence. Further studies should be carried out for more accurate functional analyses of variable that lead to extend breastfeeding or to wean.

Adaptação de um questionário de autoconfiança relacionado a situações-problema em Odontopediatria

This work describes the adaptation of Milgrom's questionnaire on self-confidence and ways of dealing with behavior problems faced during pediatric dental treatment. The adaptation of the instrument was approved by experts and was analyzed in terms of quantity, coherence and quality of responses. The results of this study suggest that the questionnaire can contribute to dentist's education.

O comportamento de crianças em tratamento odontológico: intervenção psicofarmacológica

The present investigation evaluated the effects of diazepam used to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. Six participants received placebo or diazepam (0,3 mg/kg weight) before formal dental treatment at total 54 sessions that were all recorded in videotapes. The analysis of recorded child (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior management procedures (distraction, explanation, positive reinforcement) indicates no differences by using a double-blind Wilcoxon design (p>0.05). It is suggested the necessity of methodological refinement in studies that combine psychological and pharmacological handling strategies.

Efeito cariostático de restaurações adesivas em superfícies radiculares: estudo in vitro

Dental materials that release fluoride have been shown to be effective in caries inhibition around restorations. Adhesive materials would also be effective in caries inhibition by sealing and protecting cavity margins from acidic demineralization. This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that composite restorations with a dentin adhesive system have a caries preventive effect similar to that of an adhesive material with fluoride - glass-ionomer cement - on root surfaces. Twenty roots from extracted sound third molars were embedded in polystyrene resin and ground flat. Standardized cavities were prepared in leveled root surfaces and randomly restored with (a) Chelon-Fil (Espe) or (b) Z100/SingleBond (3M). Baseline indentations were measured at 100, 200 and 300 mum from the occlusal margins of each restoration and the surface microhardness values were obtained using a Knoop diamond indenter. A 2.0 mm wide margin around the restorations was submitted to a pH-cycling model, at 37ºC. After that, surface microhardness was measured again, as it was before. The differences between baseline and final surface microhardness were considered for statistical analysis. The median values of differences were (a): -3.8; -0.3; -1.0; and (b): 3.3; 2.5; 1.7, for the distances of 100, 200 and 300 mum, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test did not show statistically significant difference between 100, 200 and 300 mum distances in each tested group. There was no difference between the studied materials at the distances of 200 and 300 mum. Chelon-Fil was statistically different from Z100/SingleBond, at 100 mum (p<0.05). Under the studied conditions, the glass-ionomer cement had a higher caries preventive effect than the composite/dentin adhesive restorations.

Medo, ansiedade e controle relacionados ao tratamento odontológico

The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.

Alteração dimensional linear de resinas para bases de próteses polimerizadas com microondas

This study examined the influence of three polymerization cycles (1: heat cure - long cycle; 2: heat cure - short cycle; and 3: microwave activation) on the linear dimensions of three denture base resins, immediately after deflasking, and 30 days after storage in distilled water at 37± 2ºC. The acrylic resins used were: Clássico, Lucitone 550 and Acron MC. The first two resins were submitted to all three polymerization cycles, and the Acron MC resin was cured by microwave activation only. The samples had three marks, and dimensions of 65 mm in length, 10 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness. Twenty-one test specimens were fabricated for each combination of resin and cure cycle, and they were submitted to three linear dimensional evaluations for two positions (A and B). The changes were evaluated using a microscope. The results indicated that all acrylic resins, regardless of the cure cycle, showed increased linear dimension after 30 days of storage in water. The composition of the acrylic resin affected the results more than the cure cycles, and the conventional acrylic resin (Lucitone 550 and Clássico) cured by microwave activation presented similar results when compared with the resin specific for microwave activation.

Rugosidade e pigmentação superficial de materiais ionoméricos

The aim of this study was to compare two methods of surface roughness analysis, perfilometry and spectrophotometry, applied to the surface of ionomeric materials (Chelon Fil, Vitremer and Dyract), submitted to different surface finishing treatments. For the perfilometric analysis, sixty specimens of each material were made and randomly separated into three experimental groups. The average surface roughness (Ra, mm) was measured on each specimen by a surface perfilometer (Mitutoyo Surftest 211). The spectrophotometric analysis consisted in quantifying the dye impregnated in the samples. The dyes used were 0.5% fuchsin and 0.5% erythrosin. Data were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) and t-Student test at a 0.05 significance level. There was no linear correlation between average roughness and superficial deposition of dye. Perfilometric analysis revealed that 12- and 30-bladed carbide burs caused the roughest surface of Chelon Fil, followed by Sof-Lex discs and mylar band. There were no significant differences between the specimens submitted to finishing and polishing with Sof-Lex discs and the control group (mylar band) for Vitremer, nevertheless, the highest Ra values were obtained when 12- and 30-bladed burs were used. For Dyract, there was no significant difference between the three treatments. The mean values of superficial deposition of dye for Chelon Fil, Vitremer and Dyract were: 1.7261, 1.4759, 1.3318, respectively. There were no significant differences between the restorative materials when different finishing and polishing systems were used.

Avaliação in vitro do aparelho DIAGNOdent para diagnóstico oclusal

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and reliability of laser fluorescence measurements in relation to occlusal caries diagnosis. DIAGNOdent 2095 (Kavo, Biberach, Germany), which has been developed especially for caries diagnosis, was utilized. Five (5) teeth were examined in the pilot test; after that, ten (10) teeth were examined in order to calibrate both examiners. Data were obtained from 66 teeth (36 molars and 30 premolars), totalizing 144 sites identified through photographs of the occlusal surfaces. Reproducibility was evaluated in 10 teeth. The interexaminer Spearman correlation (r) was 0.89 and the intra-examiner, 0.93 and 0.97 (examiner A and B, respectively). Validation was carried out by histological examination (stereomicroscope). For the two examiners the sensitivity of the device was relatively high, varying from 0.81 to 1.00, while specificity varied according to which validation criterion was used (0.77 - 0.86: enamel lesion / 0.52 - 0.59: dentin lesion). It was concluded that DIAGNodent presented good capacity of identifying any alteration of the dental surface, nevertheless it presents the disadvantage of accomplishing many false-positive diagnosis when the validation criterion is dentin lesion.

Estudo comparativo dos métodos de estimativa da idade óssea de Greulich & Pyle e Tanner & Whitehouse

The purpose of this study was to verify whether the Greulich & Pyle (GP), Greulich & Pyle Visual (GPV) and Tanner & Whitehouse (TW) methods for estimating skeletal age could be applied in the Brazilian population, and which of these three methods could be considered more reliable when compared with the chronological age of the individuals. This study was based on one hundred and sixty volunteers (80 females and 80 males) with ages between 6 years and 10 months and 14 years and 9 months. The results showed that for the GP method, the correlations with chronological age were 0.95 for males and 0.97 for females. For the GPV method, the correlations were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively and for TW, 0.96 and 0.97. The results showed that the Greulich & Pyle, Greulich & Pyle Visual and Tanner & Whitehouse methods presented high correlation values when compared with the chronological age of the individuals. Corrective factors were established to make these methods applicable to the Brazilian population.