786 resultados para Mattila, Mikko: Policy making in Finnish social and health care


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify opportunistic screening actions for breast cancer performed by nurses working in primary health care units in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 60 nurses from 28 units, who had been working for at least one year in the public municipal health care network. Data were collected between December 2013 and March 2014, by means of a questionnaire, using descriptive analysis and the software IBM SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2010. RESULTS The results showed that 71.7% of the participants questioned their female patients as for risk factors for breast cancer, mainly during nursing consultation; 70.0% oriented users about the age to perform clinical breast exam, whereas 30.0% did not due to lack of knowledge and time; 60.0% explained about the age to perform mammogram; 73.3% did not refer patients with suspicious breast exam results to the referral department, citing scheduling as the main obstacle to referral. Educational activities were not performed by 78.3% of participants. CONCLUSION Investment is needed in professional training and management of breast cancer screening.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The aim of this study was to assess the expectations of adolescents with chronic disorders with regard to transition from pediatric to adult health care and to compare them with the expectations of their parents. A cross-sectional study was carried out including 283 adolescents with chronic disorders, aged 14-25 years (median age, 16.0 years), and not yet transferred to adult health care, and their 318 parents from two university children's hospitals. The majority of adolescents and parents (64%/70%) perceived the ages of 18-19 years and older as the best time to transfer to adult health care. Chronological age and feeling too old to see a pediatrician were reported as the most important decision factors for the transfer while the severity of the disease was not considered important. The most relevant barriers were feeling at ease with the pediatrician (45%/38%), anxiety (20%/24%), and lack of information about the adult specialist and health care (18%/27%). Of the 51% of adolescents with whom the pediatric specialist had spoken about the transfer, 53% of adolescents and 69% of parents preferred a joint transfer meeting with the pediatric and adult specialist, and 24% of these adolescents declared that their health professional had offered this option. In summary, the age preference for adolescents with chronic disorders and their parents to transfer to adult health care was higher than the upper age limits for admission to pediatric health care in many European countries. Anxiety and a lack of information of both adolescents and their parents were among the most important barriers for a smooth and timely transfer according to adolescents and parents.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat henkilöstön sitoutumiseen muutoksessa. Tutkimuksen teoriaosiossa käsitellään ensiksi muutossitoutumista vahvistavia ja siinä huomioitavia tekijöitä muutosprosessissa onnistuneen muutosjohtamisen kautta, jonka jälkeen syvennytään niihin tekijöihin jotka erityisesti vaikuttavat henkilöstön muutossitoutumiseen. Tutkimuksen empiirisen aineiston muodostivat Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin ikäihmisten palveluiden kolmentoista henkilön haastattelut. Henkilöistä kymmenen toimi työntekijätehtävissä, kaksi lähiesimiestehtävissä sekä yksi johtoryhmässä. Haastatteluaineisto kerättiin sekä analysoitiin laadullisella tutkimusmenetelmällä. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että henkilöstön muutossitoutumiseen vaikuttivat eniten viestintä sekä sen ilmeneminen case-organisaation muutosprosessissa. Kaikki puutteet ja onnistuneisuudet muutosjohtamisessa kiteytyivät viestintään; henkilöstön muutossitoutumisen kannalta erityisesti esimiehen hallitsemaan viestintään ja muutosjohtajuuteen. Muutosviestinnän ollessa onnistunutta se vahvisti selkeästi henkilöstön luottamusta muutosprosessin vaiheissa ja näin lisäsi muutokseen sitoutumista.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tämän laadullisen tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata psykoosipotilaille tarkoitetun sähköisen potilasopetusmentelmän (MieliNet) levitystä sekä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon psykiatristen toimintayksiköiden mielenterveystyön ammattilaisten kokemuksia sähköisen potilasopetusmenetelmän käytöstä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on saatavan tiedon avulla kehittää edelleen MieliNet-ohjelman hyödynnettävyyttä psykiatrisessa hoitotyössä. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kolmessa vaiheessa. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa selvitettiin sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon psykiatristen toimintayksiköiden (n = 125) kiinnostusta tutustua sähköiseen potilasopetukseen. Potilasopetuksesta kiinnostuneiden organisaatioiden (n = 16) taustatiedot kuvattiin sekä selvitettiin mielenterveystyön ammattilaisten (n = 41) halukkutta tutustua MieliNet-sivustoon ja osallistua sähköisen potilasopetuksen verkkokurssille. Toisessa ja kolmannessa vaiheessa aineisto kerättiin sähköiselle moodle-alustalle sähköisen potilasopetusmenetelmän koekäyttäjiltä (n=7). Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivista ja deduktiivista sisällön analyysiä käyttäen. Tutkimustulosten mukaan sähköisestä potilasopetusmenetelmästä kiinnostuneiden organisaatioiden osuus oli 4% niistä organisaatioista, joille tiedon levitys tapahtui. Sähköisen potilasopetusmenetelmän koekäyttäjistä valtaosa työskenteli erikoissairaanhoidossa toimivissa aikuispsykiatrian avohoidon yksiköissä. Sähköisen potilasopetusmenetelmän käytön vahvuuksina koettiin potilasopetuksen tehostuminen, omahoitajasuhteen kehittyminen ja potilaiden lisääntynyt hoitoon sitoutuminen. Heikkouksina koettiin ongelmat sähköisen potilasopetusohjelman käytössä ja ennakkoluulot sähköisen potilasopetusohjelman käytöstä sekä potilaiden psyykkisen voinnin heikentyminen. Mahdollisuuksina koettiin potilasopetuksen tehostuminen ja potilasopetusohjelman uudet käyttömahdollisuudet. Uhkina koettiin sähköisen potilasopetusmenetelmän riittämätön arvostus sekä ongelmat ja ennakkoluulot potilasopetusohjelman käytössä. Potilaiden yksilöllisyys huomioitiin hyvin potilasopetustilanteissa. Sähköinen potilasopetusmenetelmä synnytti keskustelua potilaille tärkeistä asioista. Potilasopetustilanteiden sujuminen, potilaiden asenne ja oma osaaminen aiheuttivat huolta. Potilasopetustilanteisiin valmistautumiseen halutaan jatkossa kiinnittää enemmän huomiota.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, mitkä nähtiin keskeisiksi tekijöiksi nykymuotoisen Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin (EKSOTE) rakentumiselle, miten sosiaalihuollon, perusterveydenhuollon ja erikoissairaanhoidon yhdistäminen samaan organisaatioon mahdollistaa parempien palvelujen tuottamisen, mitkä ovat organisaatiomuutoksen läpiviennin keskeiset haasteet sekä mitkä ovat poliittisen ohjauksen merkitys ja mahdollisuudet EKSOTESSA. Tutkimus on laadullinen tapaus- eli casetutkimus. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään teemahaastatteluja ja puolistrukturoituja lomakehaastatteluja. Tutkimuksen keskeinen teoreettinen viitekehys on New Public Management. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä tuloksena esitetään, että EKSOTEN synnyn taustalla oli aito halu parantaa sosiaalihuollon ja terveydenhuollon palveluita koko Etelä-Karjalan alueella. Tämä tapahtui siten, että sosiaalihuolto, perusterveydenhuolto ja erikoissairaanhoito yhdistettiin saman organisaatioon ja kaikkien kuntien tämän alan henkilöstö siirtyi kunnista EKSOTEN palvelukseen. Organisaation syntyminen edellytti vahvaa poliittista ohjausta. EKSOTESSA on paljon eritysosaamista, joka on käytettävissä koko Etelä- Karjalan alueen asukkaiden hyväksi. Organisaatiomuutoksessa on mukana keskeiset New Public Managementin periaatteet eli tehokkuusperiaatteet sekä palvelujen laadun, asiakaskeskeisyyden ja henkilöstön palkitsemisen kysymykset.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Työn tarkoituksena on antaa Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin (Eksote) Hyvis –palvelun nettiportaalille muutosehdoituksia koskien nettisivujen ulkoasua, käytettävyyteen liittyviä seikkoja sekä ideoita brändinrakentamiseen verrattuna maailmalta löytyneisiin palkittuihin terveysalan sivustoihin. Työn tavoitteena on löytää mahdollisimman hyvä ohjenuora nettisivujen toiminnallisiin ja ulkoisiin tapoihin sekä käytänteihin, joiden ansiosta brändille voidaan luoda lisäarvoa nettisivujen välityksellä. Työn tuloksina tuli esiin sivujen kategorioinnin tärkeys, jolla voidaan selkeyttää sivujen rakennetta sekä se helpottaa sivuilla navigointia ja tiedonhakua. Kuvien käyttäminen linkkien ja tekstien yhteydessä oli tulosten mukaan suotavaa. Jokainen tarkasteltava sivu sisälsi responsiivisuuden sekä mobiili- ja tablettioptimoinnin, joten se oli yksi tärkeimmistä tutkimuksessa saaduista tuloksista. Sosiaalinen media oli myös kovasti käytössä jokaisen tutkittavan sivun kohdalla.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Työssä tutkitaan asiakkaan ja käyttäjän mukaan ottamista sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden kehittämiseen. Opinnäytetyö on osa sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden uudistamista Mikkelin seudulla. Työn pääfokus on lähipalveluiden kehittämisessä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ollut luoda sosiaali- ja terveystoimeen toimintamalli ja rakenteet jatkuvalle kehittämisyhteistyölle palveluiden käyttäjien ja palveluiden tuottajien välille kuntataajamassa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä tukeudutaan co-creation – menetelmään eli yhteiskehittelyyn. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena, jossa valittuna menetelmänä oli toimintatutkimuksena toteutettu tapaustutkimus. Tutkimuksen tuloksena syntyi runsaasti ideoita koskien lähipalveluiden kehittämistä. Palvelumuotoilun menetelmin toteutettu työpaja osoittautui toimivaksi menetelmäksi käynnistää yhteiskehittelyä. Yhteiskehittely suositellaan otettavaksi käyttöön sosiaali- ja terveystoimen lähipalvelupisteissä.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

À cause de la nature complexe et non linéaire de leurs opérations, les salles d’urgence (SU) constituent des entités organisationnelles uniques dans le domaine de la santé. Les SU subissent des pressions accrues résultant des dynamiques des sociétés contemporaines et de leurs systèmes de santé, et font face ainsi à des défis uniques comme l’engorgement. Contrairement aux croyances dominantes sur le phénomène, le présent travail de recherche établit que ce problème est en réalité une manifestation de pauvre performance systémique plutôt qu’une faillite opérationnelle. Alors, pour les SU, la performance organisationnelle relève une importance incontestable. En effet, l’étude de la performance organisationnelle est un sujet de recherche qui intéresse de nombreux chercheurs des services de santé. Il s’agit, néanmoins, d’un concept historiquement difficile à définir à cause de son caractère complexe, multidimensionnel et paradoxal. Le modèle EGIPSS, basé sur la théorie de l’action sociale de Parsons, est capable de saisir cette complexité et constitue un cadre conceptuel robuste et exhaustif, pouvant s’adapter à des contextes divers. Ce mémoire adopte le modèle EGIPSS pour présenter un outil global et intégré d’évaluation de la performance organisationnelle de la salle d’urgences de l’Hôpital Général Régional 46 à Guadalajara, au Mexique. Cet instrument est conçu pour prendre en compte spécifiquement les particularités propres des SU, ainsi que les caractéristiques organisationnelles uniques de l'Hôpital Général Régional 46. Enfin, le développement de ce projet de mémoire contribue aux efforts d’amélioration continue de la performance de cet établissement, et enrichit les connaissances sur les urgences en tant qu’unités organisationnelles.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

At the 111th German Medical Assembly in May 2008 in Ulm, Germany, a public debate on rationing of health care performances was started. Since the money in the German health care system is not enough to provide every diagnostic or therapy for every patient as a coverage of the compulsory medical insurances, a lot of specific health care performances have been rationed during the last years not to be covered by the regular medical insurance any more, such as, e. g., PSA measurements in urology or IOP measurements in ophthalmology. In contrast to the health care system in Scandinavia, where rationing of health care performances is publicly documented by the government, no similar public statements exist in Germany. Due to this, it is left to physicians to explain to their patients the "hidden" rationing of public health care performances, which also leads to an increase in individual health care performances (IGeL in Germany) to be paid for privately by the patient. It is undoubtedly true that not all medically possible performances need to be paid for by the health insurance; however, an official determination of these "out of pocket" health care performances is necessary. Therefore, it was the aim herein to work out possible "stop" criteria--according to the Scandinavian system--for common eye diseases and consecutive therapies, which need not be paid for or only be paid after a delay by the health insurances.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The intensity of care for patients at the end-of-life is increasing in recent years. Publications have focused on intensity of care for many cancers, but none on melanoma patients. Substantial gaps exist in knowledge about intensive care and its alternative, hospice care, among the advanced melanoma patients at the end of life. End-of-life care may be used in quite different patterns and induce both intended and unintended clinical and economic consequences. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked databases to identify patients aged 65 years or older with metastatic melanoma who died between 2000 and 2007. We evaluated trends and associations between sociodemographic and health services characteristics and the use of hospice care, chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy and costs. Survival, end-of-life costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were evaluated using propensity score methods. Costs were analyzed from the perspective of Medicare in 2009 dollars. In the first journal Article we found increasing use of surgery for patients with metastatic melanoma from 13% in 2000 to 30% in 2007 (P=0.03 for trend), no significant fluctuation in use of chemotherapy (P=0.43) or radiation therapy (P=0.46). Older patients were less likely to receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The use of hospice care increased from 61% in 2000 to 79% in 2007 (P =0.07 for trend). Enrollment in short-term (1-3 days) hospice care use increased, while long-term hospice care (≥ 4 days) remained stable. Patients living in the SEER Northeast and South regions were less likely to undergo surgery. Patients enrolled in long-term hospice care used significantly less chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. In the second journal article, of 611 patients identified for this study, 358 (59%) received no hospice care after their diagnosis, 168 (27%) received 1 to 3 days of hospice care, and 85 (14%) received 4 or more days of hospice care. The median survival time was 181 days for patients with no hospice care, 196 days for patients enrolled in hospice for 1 to 3 days, and 300 days for patients enrolled for 4 or more days (log-rank test, P < 0.001). The estimated hazard ratios (HR) between 4 or more days hospice use and survival were similar within the original cohort Cox proportional hazard model (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.78, P < 0.0001) and the propensity score-matched model (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.78, P = 0.0001). Patients with ≥ 4 days of hospice care incurred lower end-of-life costs than the other two groups ($14,298 versus $19,380 for the 1- to 3-days hospice care, and $24,351 for patients with no hospice care; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, Surgery and hospice care use increased over the years of this study while the use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy remained consistent for patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. Patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma who enrolled in ≥ 4 days of hospice care experienced longer survival than those who had 1-3 days of hospice or no hospice care, and this longer overall survival was accompanied by lower end-of-life costs.^

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Background: Currently 1 in 11 women over the age of 60 in Australia are diagnosed with breast cancer. Following treatment, most breast cancer patients are left with shoulder and arm impairments which can impact significantly on quality of life and interfere substantially with activities of daily living. The primary aim of the proposed study is to determine whether upper limb impairments can be prevented by undertaking an exercise program of prolonged stretching and resistance training, commencing soon after surgery. Methods/design: We will recruit 180 women who have had surgery for early stage breast cancer to a multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial. At 4 weeks post surgery, women will be randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a usual care ( control) group. Women allocated to the exercise group will perform exercises daily, and will be supervised once a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8 weeks, women will be given a home-based training program to continue indefinitely. Women in the usual care group will receive the same care as is now typically provided, i.e. a visit by the physiotherapist and occupational therapist while an inpatient, and receipt of pamphlets. All subjects will be assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6 months later. The primary measure is arm symptoms, derived from a breast cancer specific questionnaire (BR23). In addition, range of motion, strength, swelling, pain and quality of life will be assessed. Discussion: This study will determine whether exercise commencing soon after surgery can prevent secondary problems associated with treatment of breast cancer, and will thus provide the basis for successful rehabilitation and reduction in ongoing problems and health care use. Additionally, it will identify whether strengthening exercises reduce the incidence of arm swelling. Trial Registration: The protocol for this study is registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN012606000050550).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The proposed meta-analysis of 61 independent samples aims to identify whether, and if so under what conditions, team working in organizations is related to organizational effectiveness. Team working had a significant though small positive relationship with both performance outcomes and staff attitudes. Our contingency analyses further showed that team working had a stronger relationship with performance outcomes if accompanied by complementary HR measures and in non-health-care settings. Finally, we found that team working is more strongly related to attitudinal outcomes in Sociotechnical Systems and health-care settings. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The purpose of this study was to analyze emotions related to a child’s critical illness from the perspective of the family and discuss the link those emotions might form with value creation. High quality service is of paramount importance in hospital care, especially when a child is diagnosed with critical illness. Through the analysis of patient family emotions and their triggers, the study was aiming to deepen the understanding of value creation for customer. Therefore, the research sought to find answers to the following three sub-questions: 1. What are the emotions experienced? 2. What triggers them? 3. How are the emotions linked to amelioration or aggravation of value for patient and family? The theoretical background of this research is built on two core concepts: emotions and value creation. As both concepts are wide and multifaceted, the research concentrates on viewing emotions from the applicable cognitive angle, identifying and categorizing emotions in a general level. Value creation is studied from the service perspective, discussing the possible relations between emotions and value creation. Moreover, the suitability of views regarding customer value co-creation to health care encounters is analyzed. Qualitative approach was selected as the most appropriate methodology for conducting the empirical research. The empirical data was collected from public blogs, for which a total of 18 blogs were reviewed. Five blogs were selected for the analysis, which had the intent of identifying the emotions experienced by patient families and deepening the knowledge of their role in value creation during health care service encounters. The empirical study of this research discovered a wide range of positive and negative emotions, which denotes that a severe life situation does not prevent the feeling of positive emotions. Furthermore, by combining the empirical findings to the theoretical background, this study concludes that recognizing and treating the patient family as a partner and value creator is essential. The high quality technical aspect of care is vital, but it is not the sole attribute for service quality, as the interpersonal communication plays a large role in the customer’s overall assessment of the health care performance. The patients and their families largely evaluate the service encounter based on their perceptions, thus emotions play a significant role. Depending on the service experience, value maybe created or destructed. Hence, this study posits emotion at the core of the service encounter, indicating towards the importance of active assessment of customer perceptions and the recognition of the emotional states

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La violenza domestica è un crimine difficile da denunciare: la vittima è sentimentalmente legata al suo aggressore e, non di rado, proviene da contesti sociali che giustificano questo genere di violenze. D’altra parte, non sempre gli interventi posti in essere dalle istituzioni e dai servizi preposti al trattamento dei casi di violenza domestica risultano efficaci. Per ovviare a tali problematiche, alcuni sistemi giuridici occidentali hanno attivato procedimenti specializzati in violenza domestica che promuovono la cooperazione multidisciplinare tra sistema giudiziario e professionisti dell'intervento socio-sanitario. Il presente articolo si propone di indagare le modalità attraverso le quali il Tribunale di Montréal e la Sezione Fasce Deboli della Procura della Repubblica di Torino praticano la cooperazione specializzata in materia di violenza domestica, nell’ambito di un’analisi comparata di due realtà giudiziarie che, seppur piuttosto diverse, presentano interessanti punti comuni. Taking action to stop domestic violence may be a ‘hard job’ for an abused woman, as she is sentimentally involved in the relationship with the batterer and, not so rarely, she often belongs to a social group in which such abuses are justified or tolerated. On the other hand, the domestic violence service programs provided by state institutions and agencies may lack in efficacy. To face such situations some western jurisdictional systems have established specialized courts in domestic violence, that promote a coordinated response and involve both judiciary experts and professionals from the social and health care area. By means of a comparative analysis of the Court of Montreal and the Procura della Repubblica di Torino, Weaker Members Department, this article aims at investigating how the two courts handle the specialized cooperation as to domestic violence: two courts that, though quite different, show interesting similarities.