Evasão e reprovação escolar : o Caso de uma Escola Pública Estadual em São Luís - MA

Analisam-se, as causas da evasão e reprovação escolar ocorridas num intervalo de tempo predefinido. A investigação utilizou como sujeitos os alunos, os professores, a coordenação pedagógica e a diretora geral de uma escola estadual de ensino médio, em São Luís – MA. Detectou-se que a evasão e a reprovação escolar estão relacionadas às condições sociais e econômicas que determinam as necessidades básicas do alunado e, consequentemente, são parâmetros para os resultados auferidos pelos alunos que frequentam a referida escola. Como procedimento metodológico, utilizou-se o método qualitativo correlacionando-os com um estudo de caso. Os dados foram analisados com base em outras dissertações de mestrado sobre o assunto e nas contribuições dos especialistas na área de educação, ensino e aprendizagem, tais como Bourdieu (1982). Dentre os principais resultados, detectamos que o número de alunos que se evadem e ou ficam reprovados é muito elevado; que estes perdem o interesse pelo estudo; têm necessidade de trabalhar para ajudar na renda familiar, sendo estas as dificuldades que mais dificultam o acompanhamento dos conteúdos e o desinteresse pelo currículo escolar, fatores causadores da evasão e da reprovação, além da baixa estima que contribui para a saída dos alunos da escola. Concluímos que há uma necessidade de reestruturação do projeto político pedagógico voltado para os problemas encontrados neste ambiente escolar.

O processo de avaliação dos alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio do centro de ensino Manoel Beckman (São Luís-MA)

Analisar o processo de avaliação dos alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio do Centro de Ensino Manoel Beckman é o objetivo desta dissertação caracterizada como um estudo de caso. Para tanto se utilizou metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de aplicação de entrevistas e questionários além da observação direta aos sujeitos envolvidos, professores (as) e alunos (as) do 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Percebeu-se no desenvolvimento da investigação que a avaliação é direcionada, e, embora usando diversos instrumentos considerados modernos, esta classifica os alunos fazendo uma seleção dos que podem ser aprovados e dos que não podem ser aprovados. Concluiu-se que o trabalho foi significativo, à medida que nos possibilitou conhecer os sujeitos investigados e como a avaliação desempenha uma função classificatória e autoritária na escola, visto que a maioria dos (as) alunos (as) e professores (as) estão preocupados mais com a nota da prova para passar de ano do que com a aprendizagem, apesar desta ser significativa para eles, assim sugere-se que a escola trabalhe a avaliação da aprendizagem, não somente no sentido de aprovar ou reprovar, mas de contribuir com o educando para que ele possa conquistar sua autonomia para o exercício da cidadania.

"¡Ay, patria mía!": la nación ecuatoriana en el discurso de la prensa

En este trabajo se analizan los sentidos de la nación y los referentes sobre los que se construye la identidad colectiva ecuatoriana en el discurso de la prensa. Para ello la autora investiga los pronunciamientos de representantes de la elite político-económica del Ecuador, de articulistas de los diarios El Universo y El Comercio, y los editoriales de estos medios, durante el proceso de firma de la paz de Ecuador con Perú y del levantamiento popular e indígena de enero del 2000, entendiendo que las coyunturas de crisis son estructuradoras de los sentidos, a la vez que éstos influyen en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos. Lourdes Endara encuentra que los discursos analizados tienen como enunciado general la necesaria superación del pasado y de los mitos simbólicos sobre los que se ha construido la identidad nacional; y que los discursos expresan que solo así se podrá construir una nación progresista y abierta a la globalización; y que los ecuatorianos debemos construir una nueva identidad, aún incierta, que se encontrará en el promisorio futuro de un Estado sin fronteras.

Computer-mediated communication in distance MA programmes: the student's perspective

This paper reports on a study of computer-mediated communication within the context of a distance MA in TEFL programme which used an e-mail discussion list and then a discussion board. The study focused on the computer/Internet access and skills of the target population and their CMC needs and wants. Data were collected from 63 questionnaires and 6 in-depth interviews with students. Findings indicate that computer use and access to the Internet are widespread within the target population. In addition, most respondents indicated some competence in Internet use. No single factor emerged as an overriding inhibiting factor for lack of personal use. There was limited use of the CMC tools provided on the course for student–student interaction, mainly attributable to time constraints. However, most respondents said that they would like more CMC interaction with tutors. The main factor which would contribute to greater Internet use was training. The paper concludes with recommendations and suggestions for learner training in this area.

Globalisation and MA TESOL programs in the UK

This article reports the results of a mixed-methods approach to investigating the association between globalisation and MATESOL in UK universities. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from academic staff through eight emails, four interviews and 41 questionnaires indicate that the globalised context of higher education have affected these programmes in a number of ways including an increasing interest in recruiting more international students and a growing awareness about the need for curriculum and content modifications. The analysis of the data suggests that although change has been an inherent characteristic of these MAs over the past decade, it has been implemented gradually and conservatively, often relying on a dialectic relationship between academic staff and universities’ policies. The results imply that factors other than globalisation have also been at work. Many of the participants contend that globalisation has not lowered the quality of these MAs or standards of good practice.

MA TEFL programmes in Iran: change in a globalised era

This chapter is a modest attempt to investigate how MA TEFL programmes in Iran are changing in a globalised world. Our previous research in this area (Hasrati & Tavakoli, in print; Tavakoli & Hasrati, in preparation) has shown how MAs in English Language Teaching programmes are developing in Anglophone countries, but little or no research has been conducted to study changes in MA TEFL programmes in Iran. In what follows, we will first introduce MA TEFL programmes in Iran, before presenting and discussing different definitions of globalisation. We will then explain how we collected the data for this study and report our findings, making comparisons with the other contexts when appropriate. We will conclude by elaborating on possible extensions of this study in similar contexts.

Columbia revisited: Paleomagnetic results from the 1790 Ma colider volcanics (SW Amazonian Craton, Brazil)

In an attempt to improve our understanding of the Paleoproterozoic geodynamic evolution, a paleomagnetic study was performed on 10 sites of acid volcanic rocks of the Colider Suite, southwestern Amazonian Craton. These rocks have a well-dated zircon U-Pb mean age of 1789 +/- 7 Ma. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed northern (southern) directions with moderate to high upward (downward) inclinations. Rock magnetism experiments and magnetic mineralogy show that this characteristic magnetization is carried by Ti-poor magnetite or by hematite that replaces magnetite by late-magmatic cleuteric alteration. Both magnetite and hematite carry the same characteristic component. The mean direction (Dm = 183.0 degrees, Im = 53.5 degrees, N = 10, alpha(95) = 9.8 degrees, K = 25.2) yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 298.8 degrees E, 63.3 degrees S (alpha(95) = 10.2 degrees, K = 23.6), which is classified with a quality factor Q = 5. Paleogeographic reconstructions using this pole and other reliable Paleoproterozoic poles suggest that Laurentia, Baltica, North China Craton and Amazonian Craton were located in laterally contiguous positions forming a large continental mass at 1790 Ma ago. This is reinforced by geological evidence which support the existence of the supercontinent Columbia in Paleoproterozoic times. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isotopic evidence for the late Brasiliano (500-550 Ma) ore-forming mineralization of the Araes gold deposit, Brazil

The Araes gold deposit, located in eastern Mato Grosso State, central Brazil, is hosted in Neoproterozoic volcanosedimentary rocks of the Paraguay belt, which formed during collision of the Amazonian craton and the Rio Apa block. Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology and Pb and S isotopic analyses constrain the timing and sources of mineralization. Three biotite flakes from two samples of metavolcanic host rock yield Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau ages between 5941 and 531 Ma, interpreted as cooling ages following regional metamorphism. Clay minerals from a hydrothermal alteration zone yield an Ar-40/Ar-39 integrated age of 503 +/- 3 Ma. Galena grains from ore-bearing veins yield values of Pb-206/(204)pb from 17.952 to 18.383, Pb-207/Pb-204 from 15.156 to 15.811, and Pb-208/Pb-204 from 38.072 to 39.681. Pyrite grains from ore-bearing veins yield values of Pb-206/Pb-204 from 18.037 to 18.202, Pb-207/Pb-204 from 15.744 to 15.901., and Pb-208/(204)pb from 38.338 to 38.800. Pb isotope variations may be explained in terms of mixing a less radiogenic lead component (mu similar to 8.4) from mafic and ultramafic basement host-rocks (Nova Xavantina metavolcanosedimentary rocks) and a more radiogenic lead component (mu similar to 9.2) probably derived from supracrustal rocks (Cuiaba sedimentary groups). Sulfur isotope compositions are homogeneous, with delta S-34 values ranging from -1.1 parts per thousand to 0.9 parts per thousand (galena) and -0.7 parts per thousand to 0.9 parts per thousand (pyrite), suggesting a mantle-derived reservoir for the mineralizing solutions. Based on the Ar, Pb, and S isotope data, we suggest that the precious metals were remobilized from metavolcanic host rocks by hydrothermal solutions during Brasilide-Panafrican regional metamorphism. The Arabs gold deposit probably formed during a late stage of the orogeny, coeval with other mineralization events in the Paraguay Belt.

Tillämpning och utvärdering av kriterier för eTjänstetydlighet och handlingsbarhet : Actability, eTjänstetydlighet, MA/SIMM

A sequence of actions in the world have influenced the information science, one of these actions is the lateral movement in how companies use their IT-systems. IT-systems today, in comparison to before, are used by companies to improve their relationship with their customers. Every year a big amount of money is spent on developing and improving IT-systems. That is why it is important to develop and create IT-systems that are clear, and which encourage, enable and simplify a user’s action. There are criteria to use in actability and “eTjänstetydlighet”. I have in this thesis used acknowledged criteria for actability and “eTjänstetydlighet” to analyze two IT-systems that are equal to each other. This is to show how companies can develop and adjust their IT-system so that they will match today’s point of view. I have also in this thesis chosen to evaluate the usage of criteria for “eTjänstetydlighet” and that is because no one has done that before. The result of this thesis gave Monster and Proffice measures for how to develop their IT-systems. The result of this thesis also gave indications of fuzziness when using criteria for “eTjänstetydlighet”, however, I was able to use the criteria the way they were supposed to be used to fulfill their purpose.

Cooperativa como forma de melhor viabilizar os produtores de maçã: um projeto para a região do muícípio de vacaria / RS

The association in a form of cooperative can become a guarantee factor to the activities of the small and medium producers of the apple culture in the region of Vacaria-RS, Brazil. The study shows the problems the small and medium producers that grow apples in the city have. After an overview of the literature, the thesis presents a project of a hypothetical structure with the objective of evaluating the financial and economic viability of a cooperative. In this stage the utilized methodology was the collected data available between representatives of the sector and local companies that operate on this activity. The available data was used to construct a cash flow ¿ projecting costs and expenses to an alleged project; utilizing on the sequence to the evaluation the Net Present Value Method ( NPV / Valor Presente Líquido ), the Internal Rate of Return ( IRR / Taxa Interna de Retorno ) and Pay Back ( Período de Recuperação do Investimento ¿ PRI ). The results of the economic and financial evaluation obtained reveal the acceptance of the proposed project. However, on the exemplification phase of the cooperatives that work in other regions, the social, institutional and organizational aspects showed as important as the financial aspects of the project.

Impactos emocionais causados pela mudança de estilo de gestão em um hospital na cidade de São Luis-MA

The objective of this study is to identify how a health institution can minimize the emotional impacts caused by the change of a style of classic management for a participative administration, that the workers and controllers can see the institution as a dynamic organization, that must be faced as an alive system, mobile and adaptable, where they is beings that have the right to react and to answer to the stimulatons. For that, the institution can handle motivator¿s instruments that develop in the people the potential to react of adequate way to the changes proposals, as well as increasing the perspective of possible technological improvements and interpersonal relationship between the internal and external customers. To change the style to manage, to hear the staff of support and user, are not part of the routine of the heads that develop classic management. This decision demands adaptation and flexibility, study, update and psychological preparation, to face common feelings to the new. It fits to the new directors, to visualize these feelings and work to minimize, avoiding future upheavals and the confrontation of situations that can harm the production of the company, as well as the quality of the communication between the diverse dimensions of the organization people. In this study case, based in phenomenological methodology, was possible to verify, through half-open interviews and comments, how was faced the feelings caused at the old direction time, composed for military who withheld the power and determined the actions of the hospital in study, was replaced by health professionals, that saw in the work team the best option to solve the problems and the potential to carry through an administration based in adequate strategies the reality of the moment, with the objective of reaching the satisfaction of the customer. Through this work, is possible to prove the theory that the changes cause impacts that affect the behavior of the people involved and cause stress, as well as conclude that despite the new direction show themselves, during the change, much made use to make right and involve all the workers, didn¿t have traced strategies to minimize the emotional impacts caused by the changes, what made all face their feelings of doubts and anxiety without no special care. Many obtained, by themselves, to face and to adapt the new proposals, but some could not assimilate the new administrative methodology and had been moved away definitively from the institution.