The use of mechanisms and modes of toxic action in integrated testing strategies: the report and recommendations of a workshop held as part of the European Union OSIRIS Integrated Project

This report on The Potential of Mode of Action (MoA) Information Derived from Non-testing and Screening Methodologies to Support Informed Hazard Assessment, resulted from a workshop organised within OSIRIS (Optimised Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through Integration of Non-test and Test Information), a project partly funded by the EU Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme. The workshop was held in Liverpool, UK, on 30 October 2008, with 35 attendees. The goal of the OSIRIS project is to develop integrated testing strategies (ITS) fit for use in the REACH system, that would enable a significant increase in the use of non-testing information for regulatory decision making, and thus minimise the need for animal testing. One way to improve the evaluation of chemicals may be through categorisation by way of mechanisms or modes of toxic action. Defining such groups can enhance read-across possibilities and priority settings for certain toxic modes or chemical structures responsible for these toxic modes. Overall, this may result in a reduction of in vivo testing on organisms, through combining available data on mode of action and a focus on the potentially most-toxic groups. In this report, the possibilities of a mechanistic approach to assist in and guide ITS are explored, and the differences between human health and environmental areas are summarised.

Luaḥ ha-Ittim : Zeittafel der biblischen und nachbiblischen Geschichte der Juden von der Erschaffung der Welt bis zum Jahre 5560, (dem Anfange des 19. Jahrhunderts üblicher Zeitrechnung) ; in 2 Abth.

von H. Schlesinger

Pollen record in bones from Barsbek, northern Germany

Als im Frühsommer 1949 die ersten Pferdeschädel und Hundeknochen als Streufunde aus dem Barsbeker Moor bekannt wurden, war es wünschenswert, mit Hilfe der Pollenanalyse eine zeitliche Zuordnung zu versuchen. Auf diese Weise konnte unter Umständen wieder ein prähistorischer Horizont pollenanalytisch fixiert werden, da u.a. auch datierbare Keramikreste aus der römischen Kaiserzeit gefunden wurden. Die Analyse des aus der Stirnhöhle zweier Pferdeschädel entnommenen Materials ergab die beiden obersten in der Tabelle verzeichneten Pollenspektren. Bei der Untersuchung fiel auf, daß das Einschlußmaterial der Funde stark feinsandig und etwas tonig war. Auch der Finder gab an, daß die Knochen dem Sand, bis zu dem der Torfabbau niedergetrieben wurde, unmittelbar auflagen. Eine Bohrung, die am Westende des Torfstiches niedergebracht wurde, zeigte ebenfalls diese Zwischenschicht als deutliche Sandeinschwemmung. Diese wird noch einmal von grobdetritischen Flachwasser-Ablagerungen unterlagert.

Discarge compilation from The Global River Discharge (RivDIS) Project

The Global River Discharge (RivDIS) data set contains monthly discharge measurements for 1018 stations located throughout the world. The period of record varies widely from station to station, with a mean of 21.5 years. These data were digitized from published UNESCO archives by Charles Voromarty, Balaze Fekete, and B.A. Tucker of the Complex Systems Research Center (CSRC) at the University of New Hampshire. River discharge is typically measured through the use of a rating curve that relates local water level height to discharge. This rating curve is used to estimate discharge from the observed water level. The rating curves are periodically rechecked and recalibrated through on-site measurement of discharge and river stage.

Los Yacimientos Ecuatoguineanos de Arenas Silíceas. Caracterización y Establecimiento de sus Posibles Usos.

Dentro de la amplia diversidad de rocas y minerales industriales que yacen en la República de Guinea Ecuatorial se encuentran los yacimientos e indicios de arenas silíceas de Bioko Norte. Las escasas crónicas mencionan actividades de explotación esporádica y temporera en tres pequeñas cortas, actualmente paralizadas, que se ubican en la aldea de El Cacahual, aproximadamente al suroeste de la ciudad de Malabo, destinadas a la fabricación de morteros para pequeñas construcciones locales. Sin embargo, no se registran estudios sobre la composición y la calidad tecnológica de estos materiales. Los recientes trabajos de investigación llevados a cabo por investigadores de la Escuela de Minas de Madrid y la Universidad de Moa (Cuba), con la colaboración de profesores de la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, y cuyos resultados se ofrecen en estas líneas, incluyeron campaña de muestreo, caracterización y aplicaciones de estos materiales. Las primeras conclusiones establecen que en la composición sustancial de estos yacimientos aparece el cuarzo como principal fase mineral, acompañado por feldespato, caolinita, mica moscovita e illita (DRX). El estudio morfológico de las muestras por medio de la microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) permitió describir granos con dimensiones muy cercanas y con formas angulosas, subangulosas y ocasionalmente subredondeadas, que indican un transporte escaso o casi nulo; esta evidencia infiere la naturaleza residual de estos yacimientos, formados a partir de la alteración y posterior redeposición eluvial de un supuesto protolito de composición granitoide. Por otra parte, la presencia de fases representadas por dolomita y hematita podrían ser el testimonio de la acción de procesos hidrotermales que afectaron a estas formaciones. Otras tareas que complementaron esta investigación, como el estudio granulométrico, contenido en materia orgánica y ensayos de resistencias mecánicas, que fueron realizadas por el Laboratorio Oficial para Ensayos de Materiales de Construcción (LOEMCO), corroboran la calidad tecnológica de estas arenas.

Diccionario de los nombres euskaros de las plantas : en correspondencia con los vulgares, castellanos y franceses y científicos latinos / por José María de Lacoizqueta.

Indice

Uncertainty Analysis in New Seismic Hazard Study of Spain Aimed at the Revision of the Spanish Building Code.

In this paper we present a global overview of the recent study carried out in Spain for the new hazard map, which final goal is the revision of the Building Code in our country (NCSE-02). The study was carried our for a working group joining experts from The Instituto Geografico Nacional (IGN) and the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) , being the different phases of the work supervised by an expert Committee integrated by national experts from public institutions involved in subject of seismic hazard. The PSHA method (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment) has been followed, quantifying the epistemic uncertainties through a logic tree and the aleatory ones linked to variability of parameters by means of probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulations. In a first phase, the inputs have been prepared, which essentially are: 1) a project catalogue update and homogenization at Mw 2) proposal of zoning models and source characterization 3) calibration of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE’s) with actual data and development of a local model with data collected in Spain for Mw < 5.5. In a second phase, a sensitivity analysis of the different input options on hazard results has been carried out in order to have criteria for defining the branches of the logic tree and their weights. Finally, the hazard estimation was done with the logic tree shown in figure 1, including nodes for quantifying uncertainties corresponding to: 1) method for estimation of hazard (zoning and zoneless); 2) zoning models, 3) GMPE combinations used and 4) regression method for estimation of source parameters. In addition, the aleatory uncertainties corresponding to the magnitude of the events, recurrence parameters and maximum magnitude for each zone have been also considered including probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulations The main conclusions of the study are presented here, together with the obtained results in terms of PGA and other spectral accelerations SA (T) for return periods of 475, 975 and 2475 years. The map of the coefficient of variation (COV) are also represented to give an idea of the zones where the dispersion among results are the highest and the zones where the results are robust.

Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio measurements in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) area damaged by the 2010 Haiti earthquake

In order to evaluate ground shaking characteristics due to surface soil layers in the urban area of Port-au-Prince, short-period ambient noise observation has been performed approximately in a 500x500m grid. The HVSR method was applied to this set of 36 ambient noise measurement points to determine a distribution map of soil predominant periods. This map reveals a general increasing trend in the period values, from the Miocene conglomerates in the northern and southern parts of the town to the central and western zones formed of Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial deposits respectively, where the shallow geological materials that cover the basement increase in thickness. Shorter predominant periods (less than 0.3 s) were found in mountainous and neighbouring zones, where the thickness of sediments is smaller whereas longer periods (greater than 0.5 s) appear in Holocene alluvial fans, where the thickness of sediments is larger. The shallow shear-wave velocity structure have been estimated by means of inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion data obtained from vertical-component array records of ambient noise. The measurements were carried out at one open space located in Holocene alluvial deposits, using 3 regular pentagonal arrays with 5, 10 and 20m respectively. Reliable dispersion curves were retrieved for frequencies between 4.0 and 14 Hz, with phase velocity values ranging from 420m/s down to 270 m/s. Finally, the average shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m (VS30) was inverted for characterization of this geological unit.

Module optical analyzer: Identification of defects on the production line

The usefulness of the module optical analyzer when identifying module defects on production line is presented in this paper. Two different case studies performed with two different kind of CPV modules are presented to show the use of MOA both in IES-UPM and Daido Steel facilities.

HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA DA ESCOLA NORMAL PARTICULAR DO INSTITUTO SANTA TERESA DE LORENA/SP (1964-1974)

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar, à luz da abordagem sócio-histórica ou histórico-sociológica, a formação da professora primária na Escola Normal Particular Santa Teresa, uma instituição de irmãs salesianas que se dedicam à educação em Lorena-SP desde 1954. O problema da parte da seguinte indagação: como as irmãs salesianas do Instituto Santa Teresa em Lorena/SP formaram a professora primária, no período de 1964 -1974? Os objetivos que norteiam o problema da pesquisa são: compreender os motivos da criação e extinção da Escola Normal Particular Santa Teresa; conhecer a clientela inicial e quem a freqüentou durante seu funcionamento; descrever a constituição do corpo docente; verificar a legislação pertinente a essa escola; desvelar indícios das práticas pedagógicas. O presente estudo, compreendido entre os anos de 1964 a 1974, fundamenta-se nos aportes teóricos de Mogarro, sobre os arquivos escolares; Demartini, sobre memória e relatos orais; Saviani e outros pesquisadores que tecem novas concepções históricas de instituições escolares no Brasil. A partir dos estudos dos documentos da Escola Normal e da analise dos relatos dos sujeitos ntrevistados percebe-se que: as irmãs salesianas do Instituto Santa Teresa ao formarem a moça professora tinham como finalidade a formação da moça, da mãe, da esposa, da mulher.(AU)

HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA DA ESCOLA NORMAL PARTICULAR DO INSTITUTO SANTA TERESA DE LORENA/SP (1964-1974)

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar, à luz da abordagem sócio-histórica ou histórico-sociológica, a formação da professora primária na Escola Normal Particular Santa Teresa, uma instituição de irmãs salesianas que se dedicam à educação em Lorena-SP desde 1954. O problema da parte da seguinte indagação: como as irmãs salesianas do Instituto Santa Teresa em Lorena/SP formaram a professora primária, no período de 1964 -1974? Os objetivos que norteiam o problema da pesquisa são: compreender os motivos da criação e extinção da Escola Normal Particular Santa Teresa; conhecer a clientela inicial e quem a freqüentou durante seu funcionamento; descrever a constituição do corpo docente; verificar a legislação pertinente a essa escola; desvelar indícios das práticas pedagógicas. O presente estudo, compreendido entre os anos de 1964 a 1974, fundamenta-se nos aportes teóricos de Mogarro, sobre os arquivos escolares; Demartini, sobre memória e relatos orais; Saviani e outros pesquisadores que tecem novas concepções históricas de instituições escolares no Brasil. A partir dos estudos dos documentos da Escola Normal e da analise dos relatos dos sujeitos ntrevistados percebe-se que: as irmãs salesianas do Instituto Santa Teresa ao formarem a moça professora tinham como finalidade a formação da moça, da mãe, da esposa, da mulher.(AU)

A reputação dos números

Eles não podem ser moça falada, como se diz no Nordeste.

A Community Analysis of the Implementation for Household Curbside Recycling Programs: A Diversionary Method to Control Municipal Solid Waste

The Municipality of Anchorage (MOA) is required to better manage, operate and control municipal solid waste (MSW) after the Anchorage Assembly instituted a Zero Waste Policy. Two household curbside recycling programs (CRPs), pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) and single-stream, were compared and evaluated to determine an optimal municipal solid waste diversion method for households within the MOA. The analyses find: (1) a CRP must be designed from comprehensive analysis, models and data correlation that combine demographic and psychographic variables; and (2) CRPs can be easily adjusted towards community-specific goals using technology, such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Combining resources of policy-makers, businesses, and other viable actors are necessary components to produce a sustainable, economically viable curbside recycling program.

Acuerdos del extinguido Cabildo de Buenos Aires, publicados bajo la dirección del director del Archivo general de la nación ... Serie I-IV; 1589-1821.

Editors: ser. I, t. 1-16, José Juan Biedma.--ser. I, t. 17-18, ser. II, t. 1-7, ser. III, t. 1-6, ser. IV, t. 1-6, Augusto S. Mallié.--ser. II, t. 8-9, ser. III, t. 7-11, ser. IV, t. 7-8, Eugenio Corbet France.--ser. IV, t. 9, Héctor C. Quesada.

Ilusiones de la vida : drama en tres actos /

"Representado por primera vez en el Teatro del Liceo de Barcelona, en diciembre de 1859" - port.-