915 resultados para Língua portuguesa Modalidade
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Avaliar proficiência oral em uma lÃngua estrangeira é um processo que requer um criterioso treinamento dos avaliadores e grades de avaliação precisas o suficiente para abarcar as caracterÃsticas da proficiência dos candidatos. O processo de avaliação oral pode tornar-se mais complexo quando se trata de avaliar lÃnguas próximas, como o português e o espanhol, pois a semelhança entre as lÃnguas traz particularidades que podem não estar previstas na grade de avaliação. O exame de proficiência em Português para Estrangeiros Celpe-Bras, desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil, testa a capacidade do candidato de compreender e de produzir a lÃngua de forma adequada em situações reais de comunicação. Para tanto, a grade de avaliação do exame é expressa em descritores de desempenho do candidato. Esses descritores, no entanto, nem sempre contemplam toda a variação no desempenho dos candidatos e, por serem ainda bastante amplos, dificultam a determinação do nÃvel de proficiência, principalmente quando os candidatos são falantes de lÃnguas próximas ao português. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma descrição detalhada do desempenho de candidatos falantes de espanhol no exame Celpe-Bras, apontando as caracterÃsticas da sua proficiência. O corpus para essa análise é constituÃdo de doze entrevistas de candidatos falantes de espanhol, dos quais quatro obtiveram Certificado Avançado, quatro Certificado Intermediário e quatro não receberam certificação. A partir da análise dos dados, foram selecionadas categorias relevantes para a avaliação dos candidatos e, de acordo com a adequação ou inadequação apresentadas nessas categorias, pudemos descrever o desempenho dos candidatos em cada um dos nÃveis de certificação e explicitar melhor qual a diferença entre um nÃvel de certificação e outro. Os resultados deste trabalho pretendem contribuir para que os avaliadores possam se basear em descrições mais detalhadas de desempenho para avaliar a proficiência oral de falantes de espanhol, aperfeiçoando assim o processo de avaliação.
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Este trabalho observa e descreve o processo de composição de termos em textos de Medicina em lÃngua alemã e sua tradução para o português. Ao buscar o reconhecimento de padrões de construção da terminologia e da sua tradução, a pesquisa faz uma revisão da literatura que inclui o tratamento gramatical e lexicográfico dos compostos em alemão, de trabalhos que tratam da tradução de Komposita, além de revisar fundamentos teóricos de Terminologia e de Tradução e sua relação com a composição de termos. A perspectiva adotada pela pesquisa vincula LingüÃstica de Corpus e enfoques de perspectiva textual de Terminologia, além de relacionar padrões de tradução de compostos a uma maior ou menor inserção cultural do texto traduzido. O trabalho apresenta um levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo de ocorrências de compostos e de suas traduções em um corpus formado por textos didáticos de Medicina nas subáreas Fisiologia e Genética. O corpus alinhado alemão-português é composto por 99 parágrafos de texto. A diversidade de escolhas de tradução verificada e a concentração de escolhas no padrão substantivo+preposição+substantivo apontam uma baixa inserção cultural da tradução produzida para o português
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A presente pesquisa, filiada à Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, trata dos processos de determinação na regulamentação das questões de ensino de lÃngua portuguesa no Brasil no perÃodo histórico compreendido entre a 1ª e a 2ª Repúblicas (1889-1945). Por estar filiado à referida teoria, este trabalho não busca esgotar o recorte cronológico e nem tampouco abarcar a totalidade das enunciações que foram feitas, nessa época, em torno da questão selecionada para estudo. Os gestos de análise ora desenhados recortaram as enunciações em torno das questões de ensino e de lÃngua, tecidas a partir de quatro formações discursivas diferentes, desdobradas em suas contradições, através: a) da posição-sujeito dos operários-anarquistas, identificada à Formação Discursiva Libertária (FDL); b)da posição-sujeito das enunciações das propostas de Reforma do Ensino na 1ª República, identificada à Formação Discursiva Estatal (FDE); c) de enunciações da posição sujeito situada no âmago das formulações jurÃdicas elaboradas no Governo Vargas, identificada à Formação Discursiva Ministerial (FDM); d) e por último as enunciações constantes em gramáticas, identificadas à a Formação Discursiva Pedagógica (FDP). As análises deste trabalho de investigação estão articuladas de modo que os saberes das FDs em questão são olhados de formas diferentes, no sentido de que se situando em lugares de antagonismo e de contradição, em muitos momentos faz-se possÃvel observar essas relações que, no interior de uma dada FD, remetem aos saberes do discursooutro. No recorte especÃfico dos saberes sobre a lÃngua privilegiamos a constituição de um imaginário de lÃngua derivado do imaginário de nação, buscando investigar em que medida e de que formas eles (re) produziram posturas xenofobistas que ressoaram nos modos como foi tipificado o sujeito imigrante operário, a partir de sua lÃngua e de sua prática polÃtica. Assim, recorremos ao interdiscurso, lugar onde os enunciados se articularam, descrevendo os diferentes modos como esses foram linearizados e, assim, produziram sentidos, no embate tenso entre os jogos de aliança e refutação. Para proceder à fundamentação teórica que deu suporte à s análises, tecemos diálogos com outras regiões do conhecimento, desde o campo da filosofia, nas discussões envolvendo as questões de designação e determinação, passando pelo olhar das gramáticas (cartesiana, filosófica, histórica e normativa) sobre a lÃngua, para então chegarmos à ordem do discurso, lugar onde conceitos foram ressignificados, para podermos tratar da lÃngua, enquanto objeto nunca imune à s condições de produção dos discursos por ela materializados.
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Pour beaucoup de chercheurs, il y a une crise à l école et dans l enseignement/apprentissage des langues qui est provoquée par un enseignement cloisonné et décontextualisé de la réalité. Dans ce type d enseignement/apprentissage, le livre scolaire a une présence si hégémonique qu il est la source quasi exclusive du discours pédagogique et on ne fait que très rarement usage des langages du quotidien des apprenants. Le langage télévisuel est un de ces langages qui pourraient être utilisé pour ciliter enseignement/apprentissage d une langue vivante, variée et en situation, car il permet l exploration de tous les composants de la compétence de communication. En même temps, ce langage pourrait servir à sensibiliser les apprenants à une éducation aux médias. Le journal télévisé peut favoriser un enseignement/apprentissage intégré de la langue maternelle et de la langue étrangère, grâce à son format, similaire dans plusieurs cultures, et à son importance en tant que reflet des valeurs socioculturels des sociétés. Ces qualités sont très favorables pour stimuler le transfert des compétences entre la langue maternelle et la langue étrangère, pour qu on puisse enseigner et apprendre une langue, et connaître une culture. Le journal télévisé est vu comme une source d information et son analyse en classe peut contribuer à la formation d un apprenent/citoyen actualisé, critique et conscient des problèmes et des répresentations des sociétés
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Deaf people have serious difficulties to access information. The support for sign languages is rarely addressed in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Furthermore, in scientific literature, there is a lack of works related to machine translation for sign languages in real-time and open-domain scenarios, such as TV. To minimize these problems, in this work, we propose a solution for automatic generation of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) video tracks into captioned digital multimedia contents. These tracks are generated from a real-time machine translation strategy, which performs the translation from a Brazilian Portuguese subtitle stream (e.g., a movie subtitle or a closed caption stream). Furthermore, the proposed solution is open-domain and has a set of mechanisms that exploit human computation to generate and maintain their linguistic constructions. Some implementations of the proposed solution were developed for digital TV, Web and Digital Cinema platforms, and a set of experiments with deaf users was developed to evaluate the main aspects of the solution. The results showed that the proposed solution is efficient and able to generate and embed LIBRAS tracks in real-time scenarios and is a practical and feasible alternative to reduce barriers of deaf to access information, especially when human interpreters are not available
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This body of work aims to describe and analyze the behavior of the Aà specificity marker of indefinite Noun Phrases (NP), one of the many functions this linguistic item is developing in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. From the Functional Linguistic theory perspective, the North American declivity, this project intends to outline the possible grammaticalization trajectory taken by the Aà specificity marker. It will be followed from its function as a spatial deitic up to its integration of indefinite NP, and the action of the fundamental principles of the theory, such as iconicity and informativity, will be observed on the use of this item. Following this, Aà specificity marker behavior will be described in respect to various linguistic and social factors: type of text where the occurrence is encountered, language modality in which the latter is produced, syntactic function developed by the NP specified by Aà , the existence or lack of material intervening between Aà and the NP nuclear noun, informational status of the NP adjugated to Aà , and finally, sex, education and age of the speaker. The occurrence of conversational implicatures will also be verified (GRICE, 1982) within the contexts of Aà specificity marker use. Reflections on the teaching of grammar will be made, as well as on the possibility and validity of working with noun phrase specificity markers in elementary and high school Portuguese language classes. The data used in this research project stem from Corpus Discurso & Gramática A lÃngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), and from Corpus Discurso & Gramática A lÃngua falada e escrita na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (VOTRE; OLIVEIRA, 1995)
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This work analyzes the behavior of the adversative connectors in the speech of the user of Natal, with views to suggest implications for the grammar teaching in the high school Portuguese languages classes. It is an investigation that sits on the functionalist paradigm, specifically in the protected ideas for Givón. For so much, data of situations of speech from the corpus Discurso e gramática lingual falada e escrita da cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). The sample embraces a total of forty interviews, of which the occurrences are cut out whose registrations mark the existence of adversatives constructions in narratives of personal experience and in the opinion reports, modality of oral language, of the mentioned database. The work revisits authors of the grammar, Cunha (1986); Bechara (2006); Perini (2006), among others; authors that contemplate referring approaches to the use of opposition connectors as: Barreto (1999); Tavares (2003); Longhin (2003); Silva (2005); Rocha (2006); Neves (2000, 2006). The results of the panoramic analysis reveal as adversity connectors in use for the habitant of Natal, for recurrence order, the mas, e, aÃ, agora, só que, no entanto and já. Analyzed the results, the same ones are compared with the treatment presented by the traditional grammar, with application of functional iconicity principle, markdness principle and the prototype of the category is chosen. In the differentiated analysis of the item " agora ", structural profile of the constructions is analyzed that involve the item, semantic profile, times, manners and aspects of the verbs that they wrap up in the constructions in reference, trajectory of grammaticalization and comparison with the prototype of the category. Finally, they are suggested implications of whole the study for the teaching of Portuguese language, in the high school classes
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This present work is going to show some results developed in the Master Degree research and the Post Graduation project in Language studies (PPgEL) at UFRN, under the orientation of Professor Maria da Penha Casado Alves. This research has questions showed by the Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens PROJOVEM. Concerned to methodology, the research is based on Applied Linguistics and it is qualitative and documental. The corpus of the research are the Manual de Orientações Gerais and the Guias de Estudo. The documents that were used for the research were Guide for general orientation and the Study Guides.The Manual de Orientações Gerais was chosen because is focused on the teacher and the Guias de Estudo was chosen because are focused on the students. The discussions and analysis were based on Bakhtin (1997; 2003), for his studies about the language in a dialogical point of view, Faraco (2001 and 2008) and Suassuna (2006) for their discussions about the Portuguese Language and Geraldi (1997; 2005 and 2006) and Antunes (2003) for their orientation and discussions about the teaching process of the written language. The analysis made in the Reference Topics point that however the program proposes a kind of rupture with the traditional way of teaching, it could not take this change to the Study Guides (Guias de Estudo). The result is a didactic material that reproduces activities based on a conception of a descriptive and prescriptive teaching. What is concerned about the proposals for the textual production, it is shown that it is given in an artificial way, without any expression and with no link to any communicative context and sometimes, with no relation to the topic it was supposed to be related to
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Research in the area of teacher training in English as a Foreign Language (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAHÃO, 2010) articulates the complexity of beginning teachers classroom contexts aligned with teaching language as a social and professional practice of the teacher in training. To better understand this relationship, the present study is based on a corpus of transcribed interviews and questionnaires applied to 28 undergraduate students majoring in Letters/English emphasis, at a public university located in the interior of the Western Amazon region, soliciting their opinions about the reforms made in the curriculum of this Major. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection instruments to trace a profile of the students organized in Group 1, with freshmen and sophomore undergraduates who are following the 2009 curriculum, and Group 2, with junior and senior undergraduates who are following the 2006 curriculum. The objectives are to identify, to characterize and to analyze the types of pronouns, roles and social actors represented in the opinions of these students in relation to their teacher training curriculum. The theoretical support focuses on the challenge of historical and contemporary routes from English teachers initial education programs (MAGALHÃES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Our theoretical perspective is based on the Systemic Functional Grammar of Halliday (1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) and Thompson (2004). We focus on the concept of the Interpersonal meaning, specifically regarding the roles articulated in the studies by Delu (1991), Thompson and Thetela (1995), and in the Portuguese language such as Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) and Cabral (2009). Moreover, we ascribe van Leeuwen s (1997; 2003) theory of Representation of Social Actors as a theoretical framework in order to identify the sociological aspect of social actors represented in the students discourse. Within this scenario, the analysis unfolds on three levels: grammatical (pronouns), semantic (roles), and discursive (social actors). For the analysis of interpersonal realizations present in the students opinions, we use the computational program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010) and its applications Wordlist and Concord to quantify the occurrences of the pronouns I, You and They, which characterize the roles and social actors of the corpus. The results show that the students assigned the following roles to themselves: (i) apprentice to express their initial process of English language learning; (ii) freshman to reveal their choice of Major in Letters/English emphasis; (iii) future teacher to relate their expectations towards a practicing professional. To assign the roles to professors in the major, the students used the metaphor of modality (I think) to indicate the relationship of teacher training, while they are in the role of a student and as a future teacher. From these evidences the representation of the students as social actors emerges in roles such as: (i) active roles; (ii) passive roles and (iii) personalized roles. The social actors represented in the opinions of the students reflect the inclusion of these roles assigned to the actions expressed about their experiences and expectations derived from their teacher training classroom
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This research aims at investigating the constructions with adverbials in ly, based on the view of contemporaneous linguistic functionalism, such as proposed by Givón, Hopper, Thompson, Traugott, Furtado da Cunha, as well as the cognitivist notion of language, through construction grammar support upon the patterns of Goldberg and the prototypes theory. The cognitive functional approach adopted here considers the change as a proper and inherent phenomenon of language and understands the linguistic phenomenon as resulting from effective use of language. Another aspect to be considered to the realization of this study is the fact that the formation adjective + ly is a word construction mechanism really productive, which generates interests on linguistic description. In a particular way, our leading objective is to exam the constructions with adverbials in ly in the context of language in use, in its oral and written forms, looking for to apprehend the meaning multiple manifestations forged in the use. Bearing this in mind, we worked with data from the Corpus Discurso & Gramática (Natal). There are, in the data, adverbs ended in ly that take the signification of mode, as foreseen in traditional models, but there are also other significations, for instance, the modalizador in its different manifestations. The results show that this adverb is a linguistic mark that carries in its constitution the multissêmico and multifunctional character, which interferes extremely in the ordination of this category, assuming a position sometimes pre-verbal, sometimes post-verbal. Other aspect observed refers to the relationship between the adverb and the verb, with emphasis on the compatibility or restriction between them, option which is related to the semantic aspect. The data in analysis legitimate the use in different constructions with adverb ended in ly in various genres, as follows: personal experience narrative, retold narrative, local description, proceeding account, opinion account, both in oral as in written language
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Pós-graduação em Estudos LinguÃsticos - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)