Effects of health decentralization, financing and governance in Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of decentralization on health financing and governance policies in Mexico from the perspective of users and providers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in four states that were selected according to geopolitical and administrative criteria. Four indicators were assessed: changes and effects on governance, financing sources and funds, the final destination of resources, and fund allocation mechanisms. Data collection was performed using in-depth interviews with health system key personnel and community leaders, consensus techniques and document analyses. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by thematic segmentation. RESULTS: The results show different effectiveness levels for the four states regarding changes in financing policies and community participation. Effects on health financing after decentralization were identified in each state, including: greater participation of municipal and state governments in health expenditure, increased financial participation of households, greater community participation in low-income states, duality and confusion in the new mechanisms for coordination among the three government levels, absence of an accountability system, lack of human resources and technical skills to implement, monitor and evaluate changes in financing. CONCLUSIONS: In general, positive and negative effects of decentralization on health financing and governance were identified. The effects mentioned by health service providers and users were related to a diversification of financing sources, a greater margin for decisions around the use and final destination of financial resources and normative development for the use of resources. At the community level, direct financial contributions were mentioned, as well as in-kind contributions, particularly in the form of community work.

When Corporate Governance crosses the firm borders: family firms in local productive systems

The family involvement in firms is observable is most economies around the world, although there are significant differences among these countries, not only regarding its predominance in these economies, but also in what refers to the levels of involvement of the family in business. This research aims at understanding the family-based firms’ management when compared to non family based, with particular regards to the forms of corporate governance. This analysis is based on case studies and on secondary data found in the literature to support the findings from the empirical research. The data was collected via face to face in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs from the furniture and the events organisation industries (where the family is predominantly present in the furniture but not on the events organisation industry) and with industry and regional business associations. The case studies used in this research allowed the comparison between the Portuguese firms when the family plays an important role in business and those in which the family is absent. It has been found that there are important differences in businesses in countries/industries/local productive systems in which the family is seen as a dominant institution in the society (where businesses are based on strong ties; there is a harmonious relationship between the family members; and the family is accepted locally and dominates the firm organization) and on situations in which the family plays a more marginal role in the society. In fact, the family brings special characteristics to the business, in terms of management, corporate governance, inter and intra firm relationships and succession. Our findings confirm other empirical studies’ results found in the literature. Thus, this article provides a discussion on the factors that play a role in the form of corporate governance structure in family firms highlighting the pros and cons of organising the firm around the family.

Os modelos de governance nas nonprofit organizations de actuação local: uma revisão de literatura

O crescimento do sector não lucrativo, por força da criação de novas organizações sem fins lucrativos, tem-se acentuado nos últimos anos tentando dar resposta ao serviço público que a comunidade exige e que o Estado não tem sabido dar resposta. O sector não lucrativo, ou terceiro sector, realiza funções sociais ou culturais relevantes para a sociedade sem o objectivo de produzir lucros. Em Portugal não existem, para este sector, padrões específicos para os modelos de gestão nem tipologias de informação a utilizar pelos seus stakeholders e, por isso, utilizam-se os mesmos moldes do sector empresarial, cumprindo assim a real consistência do isomorfismo mimético. Existe claramente uma diferença entre os objectivos da informação financeira e não financeira nas organizações lucrativas e nas não lucrativas, e essa destrinça tem a ver directamente com os tipos de destinatários e utilizadores da informação. A abordagem às práticas de corporate governance é uma incontornável realidade no mundo organizacional actual face ao crescente aumento das preocupações das organizações enquanto agentes económicos, sociais e políticos. A sociedade exige às organizações não lucrativas transparência e accountability da informação financeira e não financeira (Carvalho & Blanco, 2007a)) e por isso a adopção de práticas de governance pode trazer benefícios na solução de alguns problemas de gestão. Esta investigação pretende, assim, fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os modelos de governance, numa abordagem à gestão das organizações sem fins lucrativos de âmbito local, contribuindo assim para a possível definição de um modelo de governance próprio para o sector não lucrativo português.

Corporate governance nas empresas familiares em contexto de sistemas produtivos locais

O envolvimento de famílias em empresas é observável nas economias de todo o mundo, apesar das diferenças evidentes entre países diferentes, não só no que diz respeito à sua predominância nas economia, mas também ao tipo de envolvimento que se pode observar. Esta investigação visa compreender a gestão das empresas familiares quando comparados com os das empresas não familiares, nomeadamente em termos de corporate governance. A análise é baseada em dados secundários de estudos de caso recolhidos da literatura e em dados primários obtidos para se perceber qual o impacto que a organização empresarial familiar tem na relações intra e inter-empresas. Estes estudos de caso possibilitam a oportunidade de comparar as empresas familiares em Portugal, por um lado, e nas economia Anglo-saxónicas, por outro. Este estudo demonstrou que há diferenças importantes no mundo dos negócios em países em que a família é uma instituição muito dominante na sociedade (onde o negócio é baseado em laços fortes, existe uma relação harmoniosa entre os membros da família, e a família é aceite localmente e domina a organização da empresa) e nos países onde a família desempenha um papel mais marginal n sociedade e economia. Os resultados obtidos dos dados primários confirmam a teoria e outros estudos empíricos investigados. Assim, este artigo mostra quais os factores determinantes na estrutura de corporate governance nas empresas familiares sublinhando as vantagens e desvantagens destas em comparação com empresas não familiares

Impactos do projecto solvência II nos sistemas de governance das seguradoras portuguesas

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Strategic bidding in electricity markets: an agent-based simulator with game theory for scenario analysis

Electricity markets are complex environments, involving a large number of different entities, with specific characteristics and objectives, making their decisions and interacting in a dynamic scene. Game-theory has been widely used to support decisions in competitive environments; therefore its application in electricity markets can prove to be a high potential tool. This paper proposes a new scenario analysis algorithm, which includes the application of game-theory, to evaluate and preview different scenarios and provide players with the ability to strategically react in order to exhibit the behavior that better fits their objectives. This model includes forecasts of competitor players’ actions, to build models of their behavior, in order to define the most probable expected scenarios. Once the scenarios are defined, game theory is applied to support the choice of the action to be performed. Our use of game theory is intended for supporting one specific agent and not for achieving the equilibrium in the market. MASCEM (Multi-Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets) is a multi-agent electricity market simulator that models market players and simulates their operation in the market. The scenario analysis algorithm has been tested within MASCEM and our experimental findings with a case study based on real data from the Iberian Electricity Market are presented and discussed.

The strategic deployment of quality-improvement innovations

Journal of Business, Vol. 78 Issue 3, p1049-1072

Strategic Planning and Organizational Effectiveness in Social Service Organizations in Portugal

This study aims to understand the reality of social service organizations, the level of implementation of the strategic planning as well as the impact of its application on organizational effectiveness. At first, we will group organizations in clusters according to the level of strategic planning implementation and its degree of effectiveness. Secondly, we will analyse all the different groups. Given the growing number of social service organizations and the consequent complexity of their structures, it turns out the need for these organizations adopt formal management techniques. Strategic planning is a valuable strategic management tool and one of its main objectives is to make organizations more effective. Therefore, the research has been conducted in order to determine if strategic planning is implemented in social service organizations and which effects has its application on organizational effectiveness. The survey, applied to 220 social service organizations, allowed us to gather them into different clusters, showing that different levels of strategic planning determine distinct degrees of organizational efficiency. Finally, it should be noted that findings of this research may be essential to decision makers of these organizations, because it was shown that the adoption of strategic planning has a positive influence on organizational effectiveness of social service organizations.

System theorizing and environmental governance in the EU

Comunicação apresentada na 9th European Sociological Association Conference - European Society or European Societies, no ISCTE, de 2 a 5 de Setembro de 2009.

Impact of europeanization in policy network governance pattrons

Comunicação apresentada na 30th Sunbelt Social Networks Conference, em Riva del Garda, Itália, a 3 de Julho de 2010.

Do welfare state ao conceiro de governance: que futuro para as administrações públicas no início do século XXI?

Comunicação apresentada no 2º Congresso Nacional de Administração Pública "Projectos de mudança", em Lisboa, de 3 a 4 de Novembro de 2004.

The debate on health in Portugal: governance of health care and the welfare modernization agenda

Comunicação apresentada na "Second Biennial Conference of the Standing Group on Regulation and Governance do ECPR Regulation & Governance, com o tema: (Re)Regulation in the Wake of Neoliberalism’ Consequences of Three Decades of Privatization and Market Liberalization, realizada na Universidade de Utrecht, the Netherlands, de 5 a 7 de Junho de 2008.

Strategic environmental assessment in Tróia (Portugal)

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Coastal Conservation and Management in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, p. 91-98

Stochastic Framework for Strategic Decision-making of Load-serving Entities for Day-ahead Market

The deregulation of electricity markets has diversified the range of financial transaction modes between independent system operator (ISO), generation companies (GENCO) and load-serving entities (LSE) as the main interacting players of a day-ahead market (DAM). LSEs sell electricity to end-users and retail customers. The LSE that owns distributed generation (DG) or energy storage units can supply part of its serving loads when the nodal price of electricity rises. This opportunity stimulates them to have storage or generation facilities at the buses with higher locational marginal prices (LMP). The short-term advantage of this model is reducing the risk of financial losses for LSEs in DAMs and its long-term benefit for the LSEs and the whole system is market power mitigation by virtually increasing the price elasticity of demand. This model also enables the LSEs to manage the financial risks with a stochastic programming framework.

Strategic Bidding for Electricity Markets Negotiation Using Support Vector Machines

Energy systems worldwide are complex and challenging environments. Multi-agent based simulation platforms are increasing at a high rate, as they show to be a good option to study many issues related to these systems, as well as the involved players at act in this domain. In this scope the authors’ research group has developed a multi-agent system: MASCEM (Multi- Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets), which simulates the electricity markets environment. MASCEM is integrated with ALBidS (Adaptive Learning Strategic Bidding System) that works as a decision support system for market players. The ALBidS system allows MASCEM market negotiating players to take the best possible advantages from the market context. This paper presents the application of a Support Vector Machines (SVM) based approach to provide decision support to electricity market players. This strategy is tested and validated by being included in ALBidS and then compared with the application of an Artificial Neural Network, originating promising results. The proposed approach is tested and validated using real electricity markets data from MIBEL - Iberian market operator.