BOB CAT: a Large-Scale Review and Delphi Consensus for Management of Barrett’s Esophagus With No Dysplasia, Indefinite for, or Low-Grade Dysplasia

OBJECTIVES: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a common premalignant lesion for which surveillance is recommended. This strategy is limited by considerable variations in clinical practice. We conducted an international, multidisciplinary, systematic search and evidence-based review of BE and provided consensus recommendations for clinical use in patients with nondysplastic, indefinite, and low-grade dysplasia (LGD). METHODS: We defined the scope, proposed statements, and searched electronic databases, yielding 20,558 publications that were screened, selected online, and formed the evidence base. We used a Delphi consensus process, with an 80% agreement threshold, using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to categorize the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. RESULTS: In total, 80% of respondents agreed with 55 of 127 statements in the final voting rounds. Population endoscopic screening is not recommended and screening should target only very high-risk cases of males aged over 60 years with chronic uncontrolled reflux. A new international definition of BE was agreed upon. For any degree of dysplasia, at least two specialist gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists are required. Risk factors for cancer include male gender, length of BE, and central obesity. Endoscopic resection should be used for visible, nodular areas. Surveillance is not recommended for <5 years of life expectancy. Management strategies for indefinite dysplasia (IND) and LGD were identified, including a de-escalation strategy for lower-risk patients and escalation to intervention with follow-up for higher-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this uniquely large consensus process in gastroenterology, we made key clinical recommendations for the escalation/de-escalation of BE in clinical practice. We made strong recommendations for the prioritization of future research.

Escaping the Holocaust: human and health capital of refugees to the United States, 1940-42

The large-scale persecution of Jews during World War II generated massive refugee movements. Using data from 20,441 predominantly Jewish passengers from 19 countries traveling from Lisbon to New York between 1940 and 1942, we analyze the last wave of refugees escaping the Holocaust and verify the validity of height as a proxy for human and health capital. We further show this episode of European migration displays well-known features of migrant self-selection: early migrants were taller than late migrants; a large migrant stock reduces migrant selectivity; and economic barriers to migration
apply. Our findings show that Europe experienced substantial losses in human and health capital while the US benefitted from the immigration of European refugees.

Lateral bias and temperament in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris)

Research points to a relationship between lateralization and emotional functioning in humans and many species of animal. The present study explored the association between paw preferences and emotional functioning, specifically temperament, in a species thus far overlooked in this area, the domestic cat. Thirty left-pawed, 30 right-pawed, and 30 ambilateral pet cats were recruited following an assessment of their paw preferences using a food-reaching challenge. The animals’ temperament was subsequently assessed using the Feline Temperament Profile (FTP). Cats’ owners also completed a purpose-designed cat temperament (CAT) scale. Analysis revealed a significant relationship between lateral bias and FTP and CAT scale scores. Ambilateral cats had lower positive (FTP+) scores, and were perceived as less affectionate, obedient, friendly, and more aggressive, than left or right-pawed animals. Left and right pawed cats differed significantly on 1 trait on the CAT scale, namely playfulness. The strength of the cats’ paw preferences was related to the animals’ FTP and CAT scores. Cats with a greater strength of paw preference had higher FTP + scores than those with a weaker strength of paw preference. Animals with stronger paw preferences were perceived as more confident, affectionate, active, and friendly than those with weaker paw preferences. Results suggest that motor laterality in the cat is strongly related to temperament and that the presence or absence of lateralization has greater implications for the expression of emotion in this species than the direction of the lateralized bias.

Histoire, littérature et subversion dans Le Bulletin des agriculteurs (1940-1959)

Le Bulletin des agriculteurs existe depuis 1918 et a eu une incidence considérable sur la population rurale du Québec.Le présent mémoire porte sur la subversion dans douze récits fantastiques publiés dans la revue entre 1940 et 1959. Ce mémoire est divisé en trois chapitres distincts.Le premier relate la petite histoire de la revue. À ses débuts, en 1918,Le Bulletin des agriculteurs est une revue purement agricole qui n'a d'autre but que celui d'informer ses abonnés. Mais dès 1936, la revue adopte le style revue et apporte à ses nombreux lecteurs, en plus de l'information générale, des chroniques féminines, des articles humoristiques et des récits de fiction. Ce sont ces derniers qui sont à l'origine de ce mémoire.Le deuxième chapitre insistera sur l'aspect théorique de l'étude. Dans un premier temps, nous avons fait la typologie de tous les récits de fiction parus dans la revue entre 1934 et 1984 les classant par genre et par sous-genre. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié le fantastique et son potentiel subversif. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous avons identifié l'idéologie qui prévalait au Québec rural dans les années quarante et cinquante.Le troisième chapitre est consacré exclusivement à la recherche de subversion dans les douze contes fantastiques sélectionnés afin d'en faire une lecture sociocritique.

Uma missão para o império : política missionária e o "novo imperialismo" (1885-1926)

Tese de doutoramento, História («Impérios, Colonialismo e Pós-Colonialismo»), Universidade de Lisboa, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Universidade Católica Portuguesa e Universidade de Évora, 2014

University Summer Quarter Chorus and High School Music Intensive Orchestra, July 11, 1940

Concert program for Summer Quarter Music, July 11, 1940

High School Music Institute, July 19, 1940

Concert program for High School Music Institute, July 19, 1940

Marriage of Figaro, January 22, 1940

Concert program for Marriage of Figaro, January 22, 1940

Symphony Orchestra, February 11, 1940

Concert program for Symphony Orchestra, February 11, 1940