Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response

Breeder feed restriction may negatively affect broiler progeny immunity. Sources of trace minerals (TM) with higher bioavailability in breeder diets have been reported to enhance humoral and cellular immunity in broiler progeny. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of breeder feeding programs and TM dietary sources on maternal antibody transfer and humoral immune response of progeny to a live vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Cobb 500 breeders were fed according to 2 feed allocation programs, sigmoid late fast and sigmoid late slow, from 14 to 29 wk of age. From 56 to 62 wk of age, breeders were fed with either inorganic TM or an organic source (OTM) to replace 30% of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Progeny broilers were vaccinated intraocularly with La Sota NDV vaccine at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected at hatching, 4, and 14 d postvaccination. Serum antibody levels against NDV were assessed by ELISA and cytokine expression by real time PCR. At hatching, late slow breeder progeny fed diets with 30% OTM had higher antibody titers as compared with progeny of breeders fed 100% inorganic TM. Similar results were observed 2 wk postvaccination. Breeder feeding programs and TM sources affected the expression level of IL-4 in NDV vaccinated broiler progeny. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influenced humoral immune response to NDV vaccine in the broiler progeny, and 30% OTM may increase these responses. © 2013 Poultry Science Association, Inc.

Chile: the Chilean national investment system and projects integrated bank

Includes bibliography

Planes y proyectos de conglomeraciones industriales en los países latinoamericanos = Industrial estate plans and projects in Latin American countries

Incluye Bibliografía

Evaluation of and projects for the Haitian coastal transport sector

Includes bibliography

Gestión local de planes y proyectos: introducción a la preparación de proyectos = Local management of plans and projects: introduction to project preparation

Incluye Bibliografía

Universidade e sociedade: faces da extensão na UFPA

Estudo sobre a relação universidade e sociedade na ótica da Extensão Universitária da UFPA, com análise de três dimensões: a política institucional, a formação e valorização acadêmica e a relação com a sociedade. Buscou-se, com isso, compreender como acontece a Extensão Universitária na instituição, bem como verificar qual a contribuição dessa atividade para os atores diretamente envolvidos em projetos extensionistas. A investigação foi realizada em três projetos em desenvolvimento na UFPA: Projeto Riacho Doce (PRD), Projeto Rádio-Ação (PRA) e Projeto Atenção Integral em Saúde Bucal na Creche Sorena (PAISB), que são representativos das áreas temáticas educação, cultura e saúde. Adotou-se na investigação a abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa e, como técnicas, a observação participante nos projetos, a realização de entrevistas e a aplicação de questionários com a gestora da extensão, docentes, discentes da UFPA, comunidades atendidas pelos projetos e parceiro do PRD. Verificou-se que a Extensão Universitária na UFPA está em processo de construção de sua validade institucional e foi fortalecida nesta última década pelo Fórum de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Universidades Brasileiras, apontado como a principal referência no âmbito das concepções e formas de organização dos programas e projetos extensionistas na instituição. Prevalece, nos sujeitos pesquisados, uma concepção de Extensão muito arraigada aos modelos tradicionais, embora novos elementos tenham sido adicionados a ela, levando a compreensão dessa atividade como acadêmica e integradora. Observou-se, ainda, a emergência de modelos diferenciados de fazer Extensão, que se concretizam em estruturas organizacionais diversas, cujo objetivo principal é alongar seu ciclo de vida. Os docentes e discentes são unânimes em destacar a importância dessa atividade para a sua formação pessoal, acadêmica e profissional, embora muitos entraves sejam apontados nesse processo. Por fim, o estudo apontou que existem canais de comunicação da universidade com a sociedade que precisam ser ampliados para se constituírem em fóruns privilegiados de encaminhamentos das atividades extensionistas. Conclui-se que é possível vislumbrar o fortalecimento acadêmico e social da Extensão, ainda que vários fatores sejam necessários para o seu alcance no cenário educacional.

The pain and pleasure of being what one is: Viewpoints of health professionals and patients about being overweight/obese

The objective of this article is to discuss the meanings that health professionals and patients in treatment attribute to obesity. The research consisted of a qualitative survey in health, based on in-depth interviews with patients and professionals at an out-patient clinic at the University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Here, we discuss the concept of obesity, the meanings of diagnoses, the singularities involved in managing treatment, and the process of becoming ill, all in the light of the anthropology of health that has a sociocultural orientation. Obesity is usually seen by the professionals as a risk-factor disease. For patients, the incorporation of this rationality is procedural and is mixed in with other meanings attributed to being overweight/obese that have been gradually developed throughout life. A patient's autonomy in choosing to be fat, or obese, and to adhere to treatment, is defined as a process that requires support in order to come to joint proposals in caring for these problems.

O ensino na atenção primária à saúde em escolas médicas do estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Brazilian community health agents and qualitative primary healthcare information

The aim of this study was to explore female community health agents’ views about the value of recording qualitative information on contextual health issues they observe during home visits, data that are not officially required to be documented for the Brazilian System of Primary Healthcare Information. Background: The study was conducted in community primary healthcare centres located in the cities of Araçatuba and Coroados (state of São Paulo) and Rio de Janeiro (state of Rio de Janeiro), Brazil. Methods: The design was a qualitative, exploratory study. The purposeful sampling criteria were being female, with a minimum of three years of continuous service in the same location. Data collection with 62 participants was conducted via 11 focus groups (in 2007 and 2008). Audio files were transcribed and submitted to the method of thematic analysis. Four themes guided the analysis: working with qualitative information and undocumented observation; reflecting on qualitative information; integrating/analysing quantitative and qualitative information; and information-sharing with agents and family health teams. In 2010, 25 community health agents verified the final interpretation of the findings. Findings: Participants valued the recording of qualitative, contextual information to expand understanding of primary healthcare issues and as an indicator of clients’ improved health behaviour and health literacy. While participants initiated the recording of additional health information, they generally did not inform the family health team about these findings. They perceived that team members devalued this type of information by considering it a reflection of the clientele’s social conditions or problems beyond the scope of medical concerns. Documentation of qualitative evidence can account for the effectiveness of health education in two ways: by improving preventative care, and by amplifying the voices of underprivileged clients who live in poverty to ensure the most appropriate and best quality primary healthcare for them.

Tobacco in adolescence: importance to knowledge the health hazards and preventive measures

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)