Os rumos do desenvolvimento nos anos 50: as visões da Cepal e de Roberto Campos Araraquara – SP 2012

In the decade of 1950, the economic policies almost in their entirety, are aimed at promoting domestic industry, culminating finally in the most consistent action planned in favor of industrialization in the economic history of Brazil: the Plano de Metas (Goal’s Plan). This study aims to analyze the Brazilian planning at this moment studying the proposals in the economic thought of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and Roberto de Oliveira Campos, divergent, but both connected to important reports of the Brazilian economy developed in the period, which served as the basis for policies at the period and even Goal’s Plan, and with enormous influence on the decisions of the 50s. The first one was the most important school of thought in the Third World. Campos was one of the most important thinkers of the economy in the period, one of the most consistent critics of ECLAC, and their proposals were very close to what was actually executed. The paper concludes that, despite the importance of ECLAC thought, this encountered difficulties applying workable solutions to economic growth. The eclectic tone of Roberto Campos brought clarity to his proposals, and these, when applied, have led to growth

Restrição externa e taxa de câmbio no Brasil: 1980-2008

The objective of this study is to examine if economic growth in Brazil was blocking due to external constraints, that is, in consequence of its Balance of Payments. We work with the approach first proposed by Thirlwall (1979) which was later modified by Lima and Carvalho (2009). We can conclude that economic growth was restricted by the external sector, which is consistent with the economic history of Brazil, and verify that the real exchange rate, and to influence the trade balance in the course run, also excerce some influence on this account balance of payments in the long run.

Heitor Ferreira Lima e a industrialização do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Bessie Harper Radio Talk Records - Accession 26 - M8 (18)

The Bessie Harper Radio Talk records consist of a draft of a radio talk on "Family Finance" that was broadcast over WIS, Columbia, South Carolina on Monday, January 25th, 1932. Bessie Harper served as chairman of the American Home Department of the South Carolina Federation of Women's Club (SCFWC). The aim of the talk is to educate families how to budget their finances and to plan their expenses which was particularly important when this talk was given in 1932 during the Great Depression. This talk offers a glimpse into families' attempts to cope with the new economic reality of life during the Great Depression.

What Ended the Great Depression? Re-Evaluating the Role of Fiscal Policy

Conventional wisdom contends that fiscal policy was of secondary importance for the economic recovery in the 1930s. The recovery is then connected to monetary policy that allowed non-sterilised gold inflows to increase the money supply. Often this is shown by measuring the fiscal multipliers and demonstrating that they were relatively small. This paper shows that problems with the conventional measures of fiscal multipliers in the 1930s may have created an incorrect consensus on the irrelevance of fiscal policy. The rehabilitation of fiscal policy is seen as a necessary step in the reinterpretation of the positive role of New Deal policies for the recovery.

The Intersection of Economics and Politics in a Small OPEC Country: the Case of Ecuador, 1990 - March 2014

Today, crude oil remains a vital resource all around the world. This non-renewable resource powers countries worldwide. Besides serving as an energy source, crude oil is also the most important component for different world economies, especially in developing countries. Ecuador, a small member of the OPEC oil cartel, presents a case where its economy is oil dependent. A great percentage of the country¿s GDP and government¿s budget comes from oil revenues. Ecuador has always been a primary exporter of raw materials. In the last centuries, the country experienced three important economic booms: cacao, bananas, and, ultimately, crude oil. In this sense, the country has not been able to fully industrialize and begin to export manufactured goods, i.e., Ecuador suffers from the Dutch disease. The latter has deterred Ecuador from achieving broad-based economic development. Given crude oil¿s importance for the Ecuadorian economy, the government has always tried to influence the oil industry in search of profits and benefits. Therefore, this thesis, explores the question: how and to what extent have political interventions affected the oil industry in Ecuador from 1990 until March 2014? In general, this thesis establishes an economic history context during the last twenty-four years, attempting to research how political interventions have shaped Ecuador¿s oil industry and economy. In the analysis, it covers a period where political instability prevailed, until Rafael Correa became president. The thesis examines Ecuador¿s participation in OPEC, trying to find explanations as to why the country voluntarily left the organization in 1992, only to rejoin in 2007 when Correa rose to power. During the ¿Revolución Ciudadana¿ period, the thesis researches reforms to the Law of Hydrocarbons, variations in the relations with other nations, the controversy surrounding the Yasuní-ITT oil block, and the ¿Refinería del Pacífico¿ construction. The thesis is an Industrial Organization detailed case study that analyzes, updates, and evaluates the intersection of economics and politics in Ecuador¿s crude oil industry during the last 24 years. In this sense I have consulted past theses, newspaper articles, books, and other published data about the petroleum industry, both from a global and Ecuadorian perspective. In addition to published sources, I was able to interview sociologists, public figures, history and economics academics, and other experts, accessing unique unpublished data about Ecuador¿s oil industry. I made an effort to collect information that shows the private and public side of the industry, i.e., from government-related and independent sources. I attempted to remain as objective as possible to make conclusions about the appropriate Industrial Organization policy for Ecuador¿s oil industry, addressing the issue from an economic, social, political, and environmental point of view. I found how Ecuador¿s political instability caused public policy to fail, molding the conduct and market structure of the crude oil industry. Throughout history, developed nations have benefited from low oil prices, but things shifted since oil prices began to rise, which is more beneficial for the developing nations that actually possess and produce the raw material. Nevertheless, Ecuador, a victim of the Dutch disease due to its heavy reliance on crude oil as a primary product, has not achieved broad-based development.

Public Drinking in the Early Modern World: Voices from the Tavern, 1500-1800

Until recently the role of the public drinking house has been approached from elitist, folkloric and anecdotal perspectives. The work of a new generation of social historians, however, has raised the tavern’s profile in the academic consciousness and confirmed its position within the mainstream of social and cultural history. It is now recognized that an understanding of the centrality of public drinking to the development of both elite and popular culture is vital to studies of social behaviour. The study of taverns has also been at the forefront of emerging interest in the history of consumption and material culture, and has contributed to a richer understanding of economic history. Constructions of gender and identity are also visible through research into the patterns of behaviour and discourse in and around the public house. This four-volume reset edition presents a wide-ranging collection of primary sources which uncover the language and behaviour of local and state authorities, of peasants and town-dwellers, and of drinking companions and irate wives. The documents are translated and set in their social and historical context, providing a multidisciplinary collection that will be of great importance to scholars of all areas of social and cultural history of the early modern period. The vast majority of this material is published here for the first time, ensuring that the collection will open up new avenues of research. Volume 1 draws heavily from the Parisian police archives and includes inspectors’ reports, complaints by the general public and details of court cases to build a picture of drinking in early modern France. Volumes 2 and 3 address public drinking in the Holy Roman Empire through a variety of chronicles, civic ordinances, court records, travel reports and surveys of public houses. Volume 4 locates taverns within a broader analysis of America’s public houses, drawing on visual material as well as journal entries, business reports and newspaper articles. Each volume is accompanied by editorial introductions and is annotated to provide readers with a high-quality resource of scholarly material.

Strategy and Circumstance: the Response of American Firms to Japanese Competition in Semiconductors, 1980-1995

The transistor was an American invention, and American firms led the world in semiconductor production and innovation for the first three decades of that industry's existence. In the 1980s, however, Japanese producers began to challenge American dominance. Shrill cries arose from the literature of public policy, warning that the American semiconductor industry would soon share the fate of the lamented American consumer electronics business. Few dissented from the implications: the only hope for salvation would be to adopt Japanese-style public policies and imitate the kinds of capabilities Japanese firms possessed. But the predicted extinction never occurred. Instead, American firms surged back during the 1990s, and it now seems the Japanese who are embattled. This striking American turnaround has gone largely unremarked upon in the public policy literature. And even scholarship in strategic management, which thrives on stories of success instead of stories of failure, has been comparatively silent. Drawing on a more thorough economic history of the worldwide semiconductor industry (Langlois and Steinmueller 1999), this essay attempts to collect some of the lessons for strategy research of the American resurgence. We argue that, although some of the American response did consist in changing or augmenting capabilities, most of the renewed American success is in fact the result not of imitating superior Japanese capabilities but rather of taking good advantage of a set of capabilities developed in the heyday of American dominance. Serendipity played at least as important a role as did strategy.

El concepto de renta en los clásicos aplicado al estudio del conflicto agrario del año 2008

El conflicto agrario del año 2008 dividió a la sociedad argentina en sectores que apoyaron y se opusieron a la aprobación de la Resolución Nº 125 de la Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería. Pesca y Alimentación referida a establecer derechos de exportación móviles a la exportación de granos y derivados de la soja. La confrontación abordó, indirectamente, un clásico debate teórico en la historia económica argentina, el del origen y definición del concepto renta de la tierra y su distribución, cuestiones que incluyen como tema principal a la Renta Diferencial. La problemática abordada por diversos autores, entre los que se pueden citar trabajos recientes de Ernesto Laclau, Guillermo Flichman, Eduardo Azcuy Ameghino y Juan Iñigo Carreras, remite a los enfoques teóricos propuestos por Adam Smith, David Ricardo y Carlos Marx sobre esas cuestiones aplicados a países europeos en el siglo XIX. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar aquellos conceptos clásicos sobre la renta y contrastar los enunciados de esos enfoques teóricos con datos estadísticos referidos a la evolución de la producción y renta derivada de la producción de soja y sus derivados en las décadas inmediatamente anteriores y durante el año 2008, cuando se produjo el largo conflicto agrario. A la luz de lo señalado, se pretende analizar la vigencia y limitaciones de los enfoques teóricos tradicionales para analizar la realidad agraria presente

La conformación del mercado, la evolución de los precios y los efectos de la privatización de la tierra pública durante la expansión de la frontera en el sureste cordobés

En este artículo se analizan la conformación del mercado y los precios de la tierra del departamento Unión de la provincia de Córdoba, entre 1860 y 1880. Por una parte, se revisan los instrumentos desplegados por el Estado para llevar adelante la privatización del suelo y cómo se manifestaron en los valores de la tierra pública, la evolución que mostraron durante el período abarcado y la relación que tuvieron con las condiciones de venta de esos inmuebles. Por la otra, el seguimiento se practica sobre las tierras negociadas entre los particulares. Un primer nivel de análisis corresponde al precio medio anual. A través de este indicador se busca identificar las principales tendencias que mostró a lo largo de los años indagados. Luego, se profundiza el estudio mediante la descomposición del conjunto de los inmuebles en dos categorías: estancias y terrenos. Estos últimos, a su vez, se subdividieron en tres grupos de acuerdo con la superficie de cada uno y en relación con su posible destino económico

El siglo XX mira al siglo XIX : La experiencia boliviana

Este trabajo analiza las miradas cambiantes con las que la historiografía boliviana del siglo XXy XXI han interpretado el siglo XIX; para ello, nos basamos en los insumos y en los debates generados en torno al libro "De la fundación de la República (1825) al Centenario (1925)", que constituye el cuarto tomo de la colección "Bolivia, su historia" (2015). Este artículo reconstruye los significados asignados en diferentes períodos y contextos históricos a ciertos acontecimientos y personajes del siglo XIX. Cuatro temas han sido analizados:las rupturas y continuidades entre el período colonial y republicano, la inestabilidad política, las razones del estancamiento económico y el regionalismo.