Cohesion Metrics for Improving Software Quality

Abstract Software product metrics aim at measuring the quality of software. Modu- larity is an essential factor in software quality. In this work, metrics related to modularity and especially cohesion of the modules, are considered. The existing metrics are evaluated, and several new alternatives are proposed. The idea of cohesion of modules is that a module or a class should consist of related parts. The closely related principle of coupling says that the relationships between modules should be minimized. First, internal cohesion metrics are considered. The relations that are internal to classes are shown to be useless for quality measurement. Second, we consider external relationships for cohesion. A detailed analysis using design patterns and refactorings confirms that external cohesion is a better quality indicator than internal. Third, motivated by the successes (and problems) of external cohesion metrics, another kind of metric is proposed that represents the quality of modularity of software. This metric can be applied to refactorings related to classes, resulting in a refactoring suggestion system. To describe the metrics formally, a notation for programs is developed. Because of the recursive nature of programming languages, the properties of programs are most compactly represented using grammars and formal lan- guages. Also the tools that were used for metrics calculation are described.

Equational Reasoning about Object-Oriented Programs

Formal verification of software can be an enormous task. This fact brought some software engineers to claim that formal verification is not feasible in practice. One possible method of supporting the verification process is a programming language that provides powerful abstraction mechanisms combined with intensive reuse of code. In this thesis we present a strongly typed functional object-oriented programming language. This language features type operators of arbitrary kind corresponding to so-called type protocols. Sub classing and inheritance is based on higher-order matching, i.e., utilizes type protocols as basic tool for reuse of code. We define the operational and axiomatic semantics of this language formally. The latter is the basis of the interactive proof assistant VOOP (Verified Object-Oriented Programs) that allows the user to prove equational properties of programs interactively.

Stratégies de composition dans la musique mixte et assistée par ordinateur

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

La programmation informatique dans la recherche et la formation en mathématiques au niveau universitaire

Une étude récente auprès de 302 mathématiciens canadiens révèle un écart intriguant : tandis que 43% des sondés utilisent la programmation informatique dans leur recherche, seulement 18% indiquent qu'ils emploient cette technologie dans leur enseignement (Buteau et coll., 2014). La première donnée reflète le potentiel énorme qu'a la programmation pour faire et apprendre des mathématiques. La deuxième donnée a inspiré ce mémoire : pourquoi existe-t-il un tel écart ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons mené une étude exploratoire qui cherche à mieux comprendre la place de la programmation dans la recherche et la formation en mathématiques au niveau universitaire. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été conduites avec 14 mathématiciens travaillant dans des domaines variés et à différentes universités à travers le pays. Notre analyse qualitative nous permet de décrire les façons dont ces mathématiciens construisent des programmes informatiques afin d'accomplir plusieurs tâches (p.e., simuler des phénomènes réels, faire des mathématiques « expérimentales », développer de nouveaux outils puissants). Elle nous permet également d'identifier des moments où les mathématiciens exposent leurs étudiants à certains éléments de ces pratiques en recherche. Nous notons toutefois que les étudiants sont rarement invités à concevoir et à écrire leurs propres programmes. Enfin, nos participants évoquent plusieurs contraintes institutionnelles : le curriculum, la culture départementale, les ressources humaines, les traditions en mathématiques, etc. Quelques-unes de ces contraintes, qui semblent limiter l'expérience mathématique des étudiants de premier cycle, pourraient être revues.

Programa d'habilitats socials pels alumnes de l’Aula Oberta del Primer Cicle d’ESO: IES Vallvera

Treball que recull l'experiència de l’autora durant 4 mesos en l’IES Vallvera. Durant aquest temps ha pogut observar, aprendre i conèixer les tasques dels professionals de la psicopedagogia. L’IES Vallvera és un centre que acull molts alumnes immigrants, i per tant el tracte amb alumnes i l’assessorament d’aquests és el treball del dia a dia de la psicopedagoga del centre

Implementació d’un sistema xat multiprotocol fent servir el llenguatge de programació ERLANG

Construcció d’una aplicació amb un llenguatge de programació concurrent i distribuït anomenat Erlang. Erlang és un llenguatge de programació funcional amb avaluació estricta, és a dir, assignació única i que inclou una màquina virtual. L’aplicació desenvolupada ha estat la programació d’un xat multiprotocol, el qual s’ha realitzat una primera part que ha consistit en el construcció d’un servidor per la xarxa local i el seu corresponent client. Llavors per poder fer un client més funcional i útil s’ha implementat un altre protocol, IRC. Al tractar-se d’un llenguatge espacialment dissenyat per treballar en processos s’ha intentat dissenyar d’una manera la qual es pugés aprofitar aquesta qualitat

Estudi del model dinàmic d’un robot submarí d’intervenció (IAUV) composat per un vehicle i un braç manipulador

Fins a la data d’avui, el grup VICOROB de la Universitat de Girona ha desenvolupat diversos vehicles autònoms (GARBÍ, URIS i ICTINEU). El projecte que comença aquest any té com objectiu desenvolupar un nou vehicle submarí autònom amb capacitat d’intervenció (I-AUV) gràcies a un braç manipulador. Aquest projecte final de carrera té com objectiu desenvolupar en entorn MATLAB un simulador d’un I-AUV, format per un AUV i un braç manipulador de n graus de llibertat per tal d’avaluar les reaccions dels moviments del braç, amb càrrega i sense, sobre el robot, i viceversa

Jmodels: Java models of earth system regulation

The JModel suite consists of a number of models of aspects of the Earth System. They can all be run from the JModels website. They are written in the Java language for maximum portability, and are capable of running on most computing platforms including Windows, MacOS and Unix/Linux. The models are controlled via graphical user interfaces (GUI), so no knowledge of computer programming is required to run them. The models currently available from the JModels website are: Ocean phosphorus cycle Ocean nitrogen and phosphorus cycles Ocean silicon and phosphorus cycles Ocean and atmosphere carbon cycle Energy radiation balance model (under development) The main purpose of the models is to investigate how material and energy cycles of the Earth system are regulated and controlled by different feedbacks. While the central focus is on these feedbacks and Earth System stabilisation, the models can also be used in other ways. These resources have been developed by: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton project led by Toby Tyrrell and Andrew Yool, focus on how the Earth system works.

Integración de SEXTANTE en GearSCape

SEXTANTE es un marco para el desarrollo de algoritmos dedicados al procesamiento de información geográficamente referenciada, que actualmente cuenta con más de doscientos algoritmos que son capaces de operar sobre datos vectoriales, alfanuméricos y raster. Por otra parte, GearScape es un sistema de información geográfico orientado al geoprocesamiento, que dispone de un lenguaje declarativo que permite el desarrollo de geoprocesos sin necesidad de herramientas de desarrollo complejas. Dicho lenguaje está basado en el estándar SQL y extendido mediante la norma OGC para el acceso a fenómenos simples. Al ser un lenguaje mucho más simple que los lenguajes de programación imperativos (java, .net, python, etc.) la creación de geoprocesos es también más simple, más fácil de documentar, menos propensa a bugs y además la ejecución es optimizada de manera automática mediante el uso de índices y otras técnicas. La posibilidad de describir cadenas de operaciones complejas tiene también valor a modo de documentación: es posible escribir todos los pasos para la resolución de un determinado problema y poder recuperarlo tiempo después, reutilizarlo fácilmente, comunicárselo a otra persona, etc. En definitiva, el lenguaje de geoprocesamiento de GearScape permite "hablar" de geoprocesos. La integración de SEXTANTE en GearScape tiene un doble objetivo. Por una parte se pretende proporcionar la posibilidad de usar cualquiera de los algoritmos con la interfaz habitual de SEXTANTE. Por la otra, se pretende añadir al lenguaje de geoprocesamiento de GearScape la posibilidad de utilizar algoritmos de SEXTANTE. De esta manera, cualquier problema que se resuelva mediante la utilización de varios de estos algoritmes puede ser descrito con el lenguaje de geoprocesamiento de GearScape. A las ventajas del lenguaje de GearScape para la definición de geoprocesos, se añade el abanico de geoprocesos disponible en SEXTANTE, por lo que el lenguaje de geoprocesamiento de GearScape nos permite "hablar" utilizando vocabulario de SEXTANTE

Student's watcher : comparison between ASP.NET and PHP+CSS

"Student’s Watcher” is a small Web application which wants to show in a visual, simple and fast way, the evolution of the students. The main project table displays such things as marks and comments about students. We can add a comment for each mark to explain why this mark. The objective is to be able to know if some student has a problem, how is going his year, marks in other courses, or even, to know if he has a bad week in a different subjects. We can see the evolution of students in past years to do an objective comparison. It also allows inserting global comments of student, we have a list of these, and all professors can add new ones, where we can see more general valuations. “Student’s Watcher” was begun in ASP.net, but finally my project would be developed in PHP, HTML and CSS. This project wants to be a comparison between two of most important languages used nowadays, ASPX and PHP

Filter for Car Tracking Based on Acceleration and Steering Angle

The motion of a car is described using a stochastic model in which the driving processes are the steering angle and the tangential acceleration. The model incorporates exactly the kinematic constraint that the wheels do not slip sideways. Two filters based on this model have been implemented, namely the standard EKF, and a new filter (the CUF) in which the expectation and the covariance of the system state are propagated accurately. Experiments show that i) the CUF is better than the EKF at predicting future positions of the car; and ii) the filter outputs can be used to control the measurement process, leading to improved ability to recover from errors in predictive tracking.

Advances in Model-Based Traffic Vision

Model based vision allows use of prior knowledge of the shape and appearance of specific objects to be used in the interpretation of a visual scene; it provides a powerful and natural way to enforce the view consistency constraint. A model based vision system has been developed within ESPRIT VIEWS: P2152 which is able to classify and track moving objects (cars and other vehicles) in complex, cluttered traffic scenes. The fundamental basis of the method has been previously reported. This paper presents recent developments which have extended the scope of the system to include (i) multiple cameras, (ii) variable camera geometry, and (iii) articulated objects. All three enhancements have easily been accommodated within the original model-based approach

Pose Refinement of Active Models using Forces in 3D

A new algorithm is described for refining the pose of a model of a rigid object, to conform more accurately to the image structure. Elemental 3D forces are considered to act on the model. These are derived from directional derivatives of the image local to the projected model features. The convergence properties of the algorithm is investigated and compared to a previous technique. Its use in a video sequence of a cluttered outdoor traffic scene is also illustrated and assessed.