Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

The nomination of Guimarães, a small city located in the northwest of Portugal, as European capital of culture (ECOC) in 2012 raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio-economic and cultural benefits. As noted by various authors, namely Kim and Petrick (2005), Kim, Gursoy and Lee (2006) and Gursoy, Chi, Ai and Chen (2011), residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega-event, although they tend to recognize that some costs will result from it. Therefore, the present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of the 2012 European capital of culture (2012 ECOC) on the city and the municipality of Guimarães before and after the mega-event and the differences found between the two time periods.

Economic analysis of occupational risk prevention: a case study in a textile company

Work accidents affect business and society as a whole. Fewer accidents mean fewer sick leaves, which results in lower costs and less disruption in the production process, with clear advantages for the employer. But workers and their households bear also a significant burden following a work accident, only partially compen-sated by insurance systems. Furthermore, the consequences of work accidents to the State and Society need also to be considered. When an organization performs an integrated risk analysis in evaluating its Occupational Health and Safety Management System, several steps are suggested to address the identified risk situations. Namely, to avoid risks, a series of preventive measures are identified. The organization should make a detailed analysis of the monetary impact (positive or negative) for the organization of each of the measures considered. Particularly, it is also important to consider the impact of each measure on society, involving an adequate eco-nomic cost-benefit analysis. In the present paper, a case study in a textile finishing company is presented. The study concentrates on the dyeing and printing sections. For each of the potential risks, several preventive measures have been identified and the corresponding costs and benefits have been estimated. Subsequently, the Benefit/Cost ratio (B/C) of these measures has been calculated, both in financial terms (from the organisa-tion’s perspective) and in economic terms (including the benefits for the worker and for the Society). Results show that, while the financial analysis in terms of the company does not justify the preventive measures, when the externalities are taken into account, the B/C ratio increases significantly and investments are fully justified.

Implementing and certifying ISO 14001 in Portugal: motives, difficulties and benefits after ISO 9001 certification

The purpose of this study is to characterise the environmental management systems (EMS) certification process (International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001) in Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) following quality management system (QMS) certification (ISO 9001). The study is based on a sample from Portuguese SMEs which characterise the local reality in terms of companies certified in accordance with ISO 14001 after ISO 9001 certification. Some Portuguese SMEs have the EMS implemented but not certified, mainly given the lack of investment support and because it is considered merely a form of marketing. As such, they do not feel motivated to certificate an EMS in the company since they consider that it is a form of advertising and not a way to protect the environment. Nonetheless, it is already evident form other Portuguese SMEs that gained EMS certification that gains supersede marketing benefits and allow for evermore enduring benefits such as prevention of environmental risks, environment protection, improved company image, compliance with legislation and efficient use of natural resources. This paper also presented the main difficulties in achieving an EMS certification, including high certification costs, human resources, motivation issues and difficulties in changing the company’s culture.

The impact of size and age of the company on assessing financial risk.

Textiles and tourism sectors are two important sectors in Portuguese economy. Its high exposure to both internal and international economy volatility transform the companies operating in these economic sectors especially vulnerable to recent economic crises in Portugal and European Union. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and understand the impact of size and age on the financial health of textile and tourism companies, measured by economic indices. An empirical based model is proposed. Its implications are derived and tested on a sample of 4061 Portuguese companies from textile and tourism sector, during the period 2005-2009. The results conclude that age has a stronger impact on the risk of failure than size. Whereas the effect of age is generally positive regarding the financial health of the company, the effect of size is less clear and depends on the age of the company.

Evaluating the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture: National and International Tourists’ Behaviors and Perceptions

In 2012, Guimarães hosted the European Capital of Culture (ECOC). An evaluation of this event was needed because public, private, and community funds were involved. This analysis considers tourists as external and independent stakeholders who assessed the cultural activities developed during the event as well as the attributes of the city. The main objectives of the research conducted were to assess the visitors` motivations during the hosting of the Guimarães ECOC 2012, their perceptions towards the city and if national and international visitors kept different perceptions of it. For two months, in the summer of 2012, a survey was applied to 390 visitors. The results revealed that hosting the 2012 ECOC was a major contribution towards attracting new visitors to the city (though many of the visitors stayed only for a short period of time). Based on tourists’ perceptions, the tangible heritage was clearly detached from the set of attributes associated to Guimarães, whereas the intangible heritage was less noted. The Portuguese tourists seem to be more prone to value the tangible heritage than the foreign tourists. Overall, Guimarães received a very positive evaluation relating to the city’s image and, as stated by tourists, visiting it was declared to be highly recommended. Following the obtained empirical results, the need for changing the city’s promoted image emerges, which has been too centered on its tangible heritage. In doing so, it is believed that there will be longer overnight stays by visitors.

Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) já é uma escola de pensamento em marketing?

A década de 1980 trouxe uma visão alternativa à corrente positivista predominante no campo de pesquisa do consumidor: a Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), que assume uma orientação epistemológica baseada no interpretativismo e na pesquisa qualitativa. Diante do destaque alcançado pela CCT, levantou-se a seguinte questão: a CCT já pode ser considerada uma escola de pensamento em marketing autônoma? Pautados em três critérios fundamentais para a qualificação de uma escola de pensamento (reconhecimento acadêmico, corpo de conhecimento e contribuições), foi realizada uma desk research, baseada em periódicos e artigos da área e na construção de um corpus de pesquisa construído com base nas referências contidas no texto seminal Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): twenty years of research. A conclusão é de que a CCT atende aos critérios adotados na presente pesquisa, podendo ser considerada uma escola de pensamento a utônoma dentro do campo de pesquisa do consumo.

Rice Culture of Divine Right

O texto pretende localizar os ritmos do comércio de Bengala durante as oito hegemonias sucessivas que dominaram a Ásia meridional e a Ásia do Sudeste entre 2000 BC e 1750 AD. Estas foram: 1) A transição inicial de tribalismo para Estados sob a orientação do Bramanismo; 2) Budismo; 3) Revivalismo brâmane (purânico) nos séculos IX e X; 4) A revolução comercial no Golfo de Bengala no século XI; 5) A ordem mongol; 6) A primeira rede islâmica; 7) O sistema-mundo europeu do tipo português; 8) O sistema de Estados no século XVI – um segundo sistema-mundo islâmico. O texto sugere que Bengala manifestou fortes potencialidades comerciais nas fases 2,4 e 6. Esta força ficou reduzida no século XVI devido a uma combinação de factores: As ligações com o ocidente desde o período de Husain Shahi e continuadas nos tempos dos Mongóis, as ligações riverinas oesteleste dos séculos XVI –XVIII, o declínio do comércio oriental, a retirada chinesa, a queda do Aração e o declínio do comércio português no Golfo de Bengala.

New source-material for the socio-economic history of the Hindus of Goa

The Mhamai brothers were the suppliers of daily commodities / stationery to the viceroys / governors of Goa. Since late 18th century their agency house worked in partnership with several other trading houses all over the west coast of India. They also served as brokers for the French East India company in Goa during the critical period of anglo-french wars. The Mhamais were also revenue farmers, particularly customs and tobacco tax farming. I had the privilege of taking their family archives to the Xavier Centre of Historical Research in 1979 and making the history of the family known worldwide.

Culture Jamming: Precisamos dele?

A riqueza da cultura pós-moderna, os seus estilos, modas, ideias, conceitos e filosofias variadas tornam a escolha e a novidade parte integrante do nosso quotidiano. No entanto, serão as nossas decisões tomadas em consciência? Será que resultam da compreensão da realidade circundante? Ou, perdidos numa massa de informação, será que nos limitamos ao nível superficial da vida, seguindo os outros? O movimento de culture jamming (obstrução cultural), um fenómeno sóciocultural e político das duas últimas décadas, permite-nos tomar conhecimento de modos conscientes de criação e participação na cultura pós-moderna, particularmente na cultura de consumo. A compreensão dos mecanismos da publicidade possibilita a oposição à sua manipulação, o que, por sua vez, pode facilitar a consolidação da liberdade. Culture jamming consiste em acção tendo em vista a promoção de conhecimento que resulta em mudança social e qualidade de vida.

A blockmodel study of managerial hierarchies, verbal networks, and organizational culture in four hospitals

This study demonstrates and applies a social network methodology for studying the dynamics of hierarchies in organizations. Social network (blockmodel) analysis of verbal networks in four hospitals contrasted hierarchical and structurally equivalent partitions of the sociomatrices of frequent ties and perceptions of organizational culture. It was found that the verbal networks in these organizations follow a center periphery pattern rather than a hierarchical logic and that perceptions of culture vary more by verbal network than by formal hierarchy. The perceptions of culture of central groups in one organization are much like those of peripheral groups in another. In all four hospitals, structurally equivalent social networks are more important in predicting subcultures than are hierarchical groupings and hierarchy has a limited impact on the development of verbal networks. These findings suggest the value of an amoeba rather than a pyramid metaphor in interpreting the cultures and relational structures of organizations.

Aplicação das ferramentas lean: caso de estudo

Este trabalho tem como objectivo apresentar as ferramentas do Lean Thinking e realizar um estudo de caso numa organização em que este sistema é utilizado. Numa primeira fase do trabalho será feito uma análise bibliográfica sobre o ―Lean Thinking”, que consiste num sistema de negócios, uma forma de especificar valor e delinear a melhor sequência de acções que criam valor. Em seguida, será realizado um estudo de caso numa Empresa – Divisão de Motores – no ramo da aeronáutica com uma longa e conceituada tradição com o objectivo de reduzir o TAT (turnaround time – tempo de resposta), ou seja, o tempo desde a entrada de um motor na divisão até à entrega ao cliente. Primeiramente, analisando as falhas existentes em todo o processo do motor, isto é, a análise de tempos de reparação de peças à desmontagem do motor que têm que estar disponíveis à montagem do mesmo, peças que são requisitadas a outros departamentos da Empresa e as mesmas não estão disponíveis quando são precisas passando pelo layout da divisão. Por fim, fazer uma análise dos resultados até então alcançados na divisão de Motores e aplicar as ferramentas do ―Lean Thinking‖ com o objectivo da implementação. É importante referir que a implementação bem-sucedida requer, em primeiro lugar e acima de tudo, um firme compromisso da administração com uma completa adesão à cultura da procura e eliminação de desperdício. Para concluir o trabalho, destaca-se a importância deste sistema e quais são as melhorias que se podem conseguir com a sua implantação.

Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.