A risk model with an observer in a Markov environment

We consider a spectrally-negative Markov additive process as a model of a risk process in a random environment. Following recent interest in alternative ruin concepts, we assume that ruin occurs when an independent Poissonian observer sees the process as negative, where the observation rate may depend on the state of the environment. Using an approximation argument and spectral theory, we establish an explicit formula for the resulting survival probabilities in this general setting. We also discuss an efficient evaluation of the involved quantities and provide a numerical illustration.

Assessing the safety of Pseudomonas putida introduction in the environment: an overview of ecotoxicological tests.

Risk assessment guidelines for the environmental release of microbial agents are performed in a tiered sequence which includes evaluation of exposure effects on non target organisms. However, it becomes important to verify whether environmental risk assessment from temperate studies is applicable to tropical countries, as Brazil. Pseudomonas putida is a bacteria showing potential to be used for environmental applications as bioremediation and plant disease control. This study investigates the effects of this bacteria exposure on rodents and aquatic organisms (Daphnia similes) that are recommended to be used as non-target organism in environmental risk assessments. Also, the microbial activity in three different soils under P. putida exposure was evaluated. Rats did not show clinical alterations, although the agent was recovered 16 h after the exposure in lung homogenates. The bacteria did not reduce significantly the reproduction and survival of D. similis. The soil enzymatic activities presented fluctuating values after inoculation with bacteria. The measurement of perturbations in soil biochemical characteristics is presented as an alternative way of monitoring the overall effects of the microbial agent to be introduced even in first stage (Tier I) of the risk assessment in tropical ecosystems.

Learning math through movement: physical education as another alternative

The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive effects of applying physical recreational activities to two groups of pre-school students, related to mathematics to one of the groups and recreational games to the other.  A total of 27 subjects (13 girls and 14 boys) of 5 and a half and 6 and half years of age participated in the study.  The instrument used was a questionnaire including basic math concepts such as geometry, basic operations with concrete elements, and how to read the clock, based on the topics established by the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education.  Once the instrument was developed, a plan of physical recreational activities related to math was prepared and applied to the experimental group (pre-school B) for one and a half months, while the other group played recreational games.  Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.  Positive and significant effects were found in the physical recreational activity program regarding student performance in 10 of the 12 items that were applied to assess mastery of basic math concepts.  In conclusion, using physical education as another instrument to teach other disciplines represents an excellent alternative for pre-school teachers that try to satisfy the learning needs of children that will soon be attending school.  Using movement as part of guided and planned activities plays an indispensable role in children’s lives; therefore, learning academic subjects should be adapted to their needs to explore and know their environment.

Lieu de liens, lieu de vie : oser le réseau comme alternative à la vulnérabilité : le cas des demandeurs d’asile à Projet Refuge (Montréal).

La vulnérabilité est l’attribut fondamental justifiant le passage des frontières du refuge canadien (Rousseau et al., 2002 ; Clément et Bolduc, 2004). Elle est preuve d’insécurité pour la victime requérant l’asile ; elle est aussi porteuse d’espérance de sécurité en terre hospitalière. Elle est pourtant potentiel réactualisé dans l’insécurité d’un statut incertain en terre d’accueil (Agamben, 1997 ; D’Halluin, 2004). Violente immersion. En attendant que les preuves de sa vulnérabilité originelle soient validées, le demandeur d’asile se retrouve dans un entre-deux a-territorial et atemporel (Agier, 2002 ; Le Blanc, 2010) et dans une précarité tout aussi dangereuse (Ouimet et al., 2009). Des besoins émergent en cette terre inconnue, or l’accès aux soins de santé lui est limité par des textes de lois ambigus et leurs interprétations maladroites (Harris et Zuberi, 2015). Ainsi lorsqu’il se heurte à des barrières érigées par une transmission d’informations défectueuse, sa précarité ne fait qu’empirer. Tel un boomerang, ce paradoxe cultive leur vulnérabilité. Alors que les recherches interrogent les divers intervenants en santé (Asgary et Smith, 2013), j’ai choisi de donner la parole aux premiers concernés et de relayer leur vécu par rapport à leur propre personne. Deux objectifs principaux guident la recherche : documenter dans un premier temps leur parcours de quête de soins à partir de la circulation des informations formelles et informelles dans le but de sonder leur avis sur la vulnérabilité qui leur est attribuée ; documenter dans un second temps leur parcours migratoire de quête de soi afin de mettre en lumière les stratégies alternatives d’entrée en contact avec la société d’accueil pour négocier voire rejeter cette identité vulnérable. J’ai rencontré pour cela des demandeurs d’asile lors d’un terrain de huit mois au sein d’un organisme communautaire d’hébergement à Montréal. Dans ce contexte d’accompagnement et de stabilité spatiale, accalmie bienvenue au terme d’un itinéraire semé d’embûches, les ressources informationnelles sont à leur disposition et la reconnaissance sociale est à l’honneur. En parallèle, beaucoup témoignent de la diminution de leurs besoins de soins de santé. En cette communauté thérapeutique (Pocreau, 2005), véritable tremplin vers la société d’accueil en attendant un statut reconnu, ils bénéficient d’une possibilité de participation sociale et d’un sentiment d’appartenance valorisant. Si des conditions précaires peuvent aggraver la vulnérabilité, le bricolage de conditions positives favorise la résilience (Cleveland et al., 2014), créant un environnement revitalisant qui leur permet de rebondir.

Undermined climate policies : a study on the impact of regulatory and financial discrimination across heterogeneous firms in China

Firms in China within the same industry but with different ownership and size have very different production functions and can face very different emission regulations and financial conditions. This fact has largely been ignored in most of the existing literature on climate change. Using a newly augmented Chinese input–output table in which information about firm size and ownership are explicitly reported, this paper employs a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the impact of alternative climate policy designs with respect to regulation and financial conditions on heterogeneous firms. The simulation results indicate that with a business-as-usual regulatory structure, the effectiveness and economic efficiency of climate policies is significantly undermined. Expanding regulation to cover additional firms has a first-order effect of improving efficiency. However, over-investment in energy technologies in certain firms may decrease the overall efficiency of investments and dampen long-term economic growth by competing with other fixed-capital investments for financial resources. Therefore, a market-oriented arrangement for sharing emission reduction burden and a mechanism for allocating green investment is crucial for China to achieve a more ambitious emission target in the long run.

Lieu de liens, lieu de vie : oser le réseau comme alternative à la vulnérabilité : le cas des demandeurs d’asile à Projet Refuge (Montréal)

La vulnérabilité est l’attribut fondamental justifiant le passage des frontières du refuge canadien (Rousseau et al., 2002 ; Clément et Bolduc, 2004). Elle est preuve d’insécurité pour la victime requérant l’asile ; elle est aussi porteuse d’espérance de sécurité en terre hospitalière. Elle est pourtant potentiel réactualisé dans l’insécurité d’un statut incertain en terre d’accueil (Agamben, 1997 ; D’Halluin, 2004). Violente immersion. En attendant que les preuves de sa vulnérabilité originelle soient validées, le demandeur d’asile se retrouve dans un entre-deux a-territorial et atemporel (Agier, 2002 ; Le Blanc, 2010) et dans une précarité tout aussi dangereuse (Ouimet et al., 2009). Des besoins émergent en cette terre inconnue, or l’accès aux soins de santé lui est limité par des textes de lois ambigus et leurs interprétations maladroites (Harris et Zuberi, 2015). Ainsi lorsqu’il se heurte à des barrières érigées par une transmission d’informations défectueuse, sa précarité ne fait qu’empirer. Tel un boomerang, ce paradoxe cultive leur vulnérabilité. Alors que les recherches interrogent les divers intervenants en santé (Asgary et Smith, 2013), j’ai choisi de donner la parole aux premiers concernés et de relayer leur vécu par rapport à leur propre personne. Deux objectifs principaux guident la recherche : documenter dans un premier temps leur parcours de quête de soins à partir de la circulation des informations formelles et informelles dans le but de sonder leur avis sur la vulnérabilité qui leur est attribuée ; documenter dans un second temps leur parcours migratoire de quête de soi afin de mettre en lumière les stratégies alternatives d’entrée en contact avec la société d’accueil pour négocier voire rejeter cette identité vulnérable. J’ai rencontré pour cela des demandeurs d’asile lors d’un terrain de huit mois au sein d’un organisme communautaire d’hébergement à Montréal. Dans ce contexte d’accompagnement et de stabilité spatiale, accalmie bienvenue au terme d’un itinéraire semé d’embûches, les ressources informationnelles sont à leur disposition et la reconnaissance sociale est à l’honneur. En parallèle, beaucoup témoignent de la diminution de leurs besoins de soins de santé. En cette communauté thérapeutique (Pocreau, 2005), véritable tremplin vers la société d’accueil en attendant un statut reconnu, ils bénéficient d’une possibilité de participation sociale et d’un sentiment d’appartenance valorisant. Si des conditions précaires peuvent aggraver la vulnérabilité, le bricolage de conditions positives favorise la résilience (Cleveland et al., 2014), créant un environnement revitalisant qui leur permet de rebondir.

Irish state infrastructural investment: an analysis of past patterns, and an outline of a future integrated systems of systems evaluation methodology

The literature clearly links the quality and capacity of a country’s infrastructure to its economic growth and competitiveness. This thesis analyses the historic national and spatial distribution of investment by the Irish state in its physical networks (water, wastewater and roads) across the 34 local authorities and examines how Ireland is perceived internationally relative to its economic counterparts. An appraisal of the current status and shortcomings of Ireland’s infrastructure is undertaken using key stakeholders from foreign direct investment companies and national policymakers to identify Ireland's infrastructural gaps, along with current challenges in how the country is delivering infrastructure. The output of these interviews identified many issues with how infrastructure decision-making is currently undertaken. This led to an evaluation of how other countries are informing decision-making, and thus this thesis presents a framework of how and why Ireland should embrace a Systems of Systems (SoS) methodology approach to infrastructure decision-making going forward. In undertaking this study a number of other infrastructure challenges were identified: significant political interference in infrastructure decision-making and delivery the need for a national agency to remove the existing ‘silo’ type of mentality to infrastructure delivery how tax incentives can interfere with the market; and their significance. The two key infrastructure gaps identified during the interview process were: the need for government intervention in the rollout of sufficient communication capacity and at a competitive cost outside of Dublin; and the urgent need to address water quality and capacity with approximately 25% of the population currently being served by water of unacceptable quality. Despite considerable investment in its national infrastructure, Ireland’s infrastructure performance continues to trail behind its economic partners in the Eurozone and OECD. Ireland is projected to have the highest growth rate in the euro zone region in 2015 and 2016, albeit that it required a bailout in 2010, and, at the time of writing, is beginning to invest in its infrastructure networks again. This thesis proposes the development and implementation of a SoS approach for infrastructure decision-making which would be based on: existing spatial and capacity data of each of the constituent infrastructure networks; and scenario computation and analysis of alternative drivers eg. Demographic change, economic variability and demand/capacity constraints. The output from such an analysis would provide valuable evidence upon which policy makers and decision makers alike could rely, which has been lacking in historic investment decisions.

Holacracy as an alternative to organisations governance

Holacracy as an alternative to organisations governance A *TRS event, Room P1.2 (Fernando Pessoa Hall), University Fernando Pessoa 16th, November, 2016, Luis Borges Gouveia This presentation introduce holacracy and discuss its use as an alternative to organize people within a corporate environment. A holacracy is a governance structure characterized by a distribution of power among self-organizing groups, rather than the top-down authority in the typical hierarchical corporate culture model. A holacracy provides a flat management structure that distributes authority. The goal of a holacracy is to ensure that those responsible for completing the work have the authority to decide how that work should be carried out. Holacracy benefits are the promises to harness agility, transparency, accountability, employee engagement and innovation. It also potentiates greater efficiency. Main critics are that the model do not allow for sufficient lateral communication. Also, it use is still emerging and we do not have sufficient evidence on holacracy advantages to rely on its promises

Detalgraf S.A.: Plan Estratégico Empresarial

DETALGRAF S.A., es una empresa colombiana con Capital Nacional, fundada en febrero de 1993. A través del tiempo la empresa se ha venido transformando y sus líneas comerciales se han ampliado significativamente, pasando de ofrecer a sus clientes insumos para la industria gráfica a productos de aseo, papelería, químicos, cafetería, medicamentos y seguridad industrial. Actualmente, se posiciona como una de las mejores empresas comercializadoras en el sector institucional. Este proyecto busca desarrollar un plan estratégico para la empresa Detalgraf S.A., para los próximos cinco años, basándose en la elaboración de estrategias claves, producto de un análisis previo de los problemas que afectan la empresa y su desarrollo; esperando como resultado la solución a diferentes falencias en los departamentos de logística, comercial y finanzas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente mencionado, se presenta este proyecto como una alternativa de mejora fundamentada en una pregunta investigativa principal la cuales es ¿Cómo garantizar el crecimiento y la sostenibilidad de la empresa Detalgraf S.A., por medio de un plan estratégico que ayude a lograr la perdurabilidad de la compañía? Con el fin de dar respuesta a ésta, se desprenden otros interrogantes igual de importantes como: ¿Es posible por medio de un plan estratégico mejorar el proceso de cobro y seguimiento de cartera?, con base a estas mejoras, ¿Se logrará tener la capacidad de identificar los principales problemas internos y externos que afectan a la empresa y a su entorno? Y finalmente, ¿Se pueden incrementar las ventas penetrando nuevos mercados? El desarrollo de estas preguntas permitirá buscar una mejora en la comunicación interna dentro de la empresa, con el fin de obtener una mayor coordinación en el uso de los recursos y el funcionamiento de la organización para garantizar la creación de valor, un factor clave para la empresa.

ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL. FOR FORAGE CROP IN A MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT BY USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

In marginal lands Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) could be used as an alternative fruit and forage crop. The plant vigour and the biomass production were evaluated in Portuguese germplasm (15 individuals from 16 ecotypes) by non-destructive methods, 2 years following planting in a marginal soil and dryland conditions. Two Italian cultivars (Gialla and Bianca) were included in the study for comparison purposes. The biomass production and the plant vigour were estimated by measuring the cladodes number and area, and the fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant. We selected linear models by using the biometric data from 60 cladodes to predict the cladode area, the FW and the DW per plant. Among ecotypes, significant differences were found in the studied biomass-related parameters and several homogeneous groups were established. Four Portuguese ecotypes had higher biomass production than the others, 3.20 Mg ha−1 on average, a value not significantly different to the improved ‘Gialla’ cultivar, which averaged 3.87 Mg ha−1. Those ecotypes could be used to start a breeding program and to deploy material for animal feeding and fruit production.

Artisanal extraction and traditional knowledge associated with medicinal use of Crabwood Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) in a peri-urban Várzea environment in the Amazon Estuary.

Varzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha ProtectedArea, in the state ofAmap´a; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil.The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation.The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home for personal use, with surplus marketed within the community. More than 90% of the members of the community involved in extraction of crabwood oil highlighted the use of the oil to combat inflammation of the throat. Knowledge transfer occurs via oral transmission and through direct observation.

Evaluation of deambulation in a protected environment and in the public green in limb amputated subjects treated through a new osteointegration method

The limb amputation is one of the oldest surgical procedures performed and it still represents an event that drastically changes the life of an individual. Despite the technological progress, the difficulties related to the realization and daily use of the socket remain very common. Among the different technologies adopted in the prosthetic field, this project focused on the osseointegration technique. This technique consists in implanting a stem within the medullary canal of the amputated skeletal segment that extends outside the amputation stump with a prosthesis, later connected to the metal extension. The objective of this PhD project is to treat and to evaluate selected patients with osseointegrated prosthetic implants for the treatment of lower limb amputations. Patients are recruited at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute and at the Prosthesis - INAIL center of Vigorso (Budrio) during outpatient visits, while the surgical procedure is performed by the same expert surgeon in the II Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinic of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. The project is still ongoing, to date three patients had completed both procedures, but due to various personal problems, just one of them is included in the analysis. This patient increased his percentage of prosthesis use and the level of mobility with an overall improvement of quality of live after the procedure. The osseointegration technique represents a promising alternative method of treatment for amputees who are not satisfied with their socket prosthesis. In the coming years it will continue the collection of clinical, radiographic and kinematic data of subjects undergoing this procedure in order to perform a long-term monitoring of both clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Biotechnological approaches to valorize alternative protein source, waste and by-products from food industries

The PhD research project was a striking example of the enhancement of milling by-product and alternative protein sources from house cricket (Acheta domesticus), conceived as sustainable and renewable sources, to produce innovative food products. During milling processing of wheat and rye, several by-products with high technological and functional potential, are produced. The use of selected microbial consortia, allowed to obtain a pre-fermented ingredient for use in the bakery. The pre-ferments obtained were characterized by a high technological, functional and nutritional value, also interesting from a nutraceutical point of view. Bakery products obtained by the addition of pre-fermented ingredients were characterized by a greater quantity of aromatic molecules and an increase in SCFA, antioxidant activity, total amino acids and total phenols resulting in positive effect on the functionality. Moreover, the industrial scaling-up of pre-ferment and innovative bakery goods production, developed in this research, underlined the technological applicability of pre-fermented ingredients on a large scale. Moreover, the identification of innovative protein sources, can address the request of new sustainable ingredients able to less impact on the environment and to satisfy the food global demand. To upscale the insect production and ensure food safety of insect-based products, biotechnological formulations based on Acheta domesticus powder were optimized. The use of Yarrowia lipolytica in the biotechnological transformation of cricket powder led to the achievement of a cricket-based food ingredient characterized by a reduced content of chitin and an increase of antimicrobial and health-promoting molecules. The innovative bakery products containing cricket-based hydrolysates from Y. lipolytica possessed specific sensory, qualitative and functional characteristics to the final product. Moreover, the combination of Y. lipolytica hydrolysis and baking showed promising results regarding a reduced allergenicity in cricket-based baked products. Thus, the hydrolysate of cricket powder may represent a versatile and promising ingredient in the production of innovative foods.

The Influence Of The Environment On The Development Of Thyroid Tumors: A New Appraisal.

Most epidemiological studies concerning differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) indicate an increasing incidence over the last two decades. This increase might be partially explained by the better access to health services worldwide, but clinicopathological analyses do not fully support this hypothesis, indicating that there are carcinogenetic factors behind this noticeable increasing incidence. Although we have undoubtedly understood the biology and molecular pathways underlying thyroid carcinogenesis in a better way, we have made very little progresses in identifying a risk profile for DTC, and our knowledge of risk factors is very similar to what we knew 30-40 years ago. In addition to ionizing radiation exposure, the most documented and established risk factor for DTC, we also investigated the role of other factors, including eating habits, tobacco smoking, living in a volcanic area, xenobiotics, and viruses, which could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, thus, contributing to the increase in DTC incidence rates observed.

Uv-vis Spectra As An Alternative To The Lowry Method For Quantify Hair Damage Induced By Surfactants.

It is well known that long term use of shampoo causes damage to human hair. Although the Lowry method has been widely used to quantify hair damage, it is unsuitable to determine this in the presence of some surfactants and there is no other method proposed in literature. In this work, a different method is used to investigate and compare the hair damage induced by four types of surfactants (including three commercial-grade surfactants) and water. Hair samples were immersed in aqueous solution of surfactants under conditions that resemble a shower (38 °C, constant shaking). These solutions become colored with time of contact with hair and its UV-vis spectra were recorded. For comparison, the amount of extracted proteins from hair by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and by water were estimated by the Lowry method. Additionally, non-pigmented vs. pigmented hair and also sepia melanin were used to understand the washing solution color and their spectra. The results presented herein show that hair degradation is mostly caused by the extraction of proteins, cuticle fragments and melanin granules from hair fiber. It was found that the intensity of solution color varies with the charge density of the surfactants. Furthermore, the intensity of solution color can be correlated to the amount of proteins quantified by the Lowry method as well as to the degree of hair damage. UV-vis spectrum of hair washing solutions is a simple and straightforward method to quantify and compare hair damages induced by different commercial surfactants.