In-plane effective shear modulus of generalized circular honeycomb structures and bundled tubes in a diamond array structure

Use of circular hexagonal honeycomb structures and tube assemblies in energy absorption systems has attracted a large number of literature on their characterization under crushing and impact loads. Notwithstanding these, effective shear moduli (G*) required for complete transverse elastic characterization and in analyses of hierarchical structures have received scant attention. In an attempt to fill this void, the present study undertakes to evaluate G* of a generalized circular honeycomb structures and tube assemblies in a diamond array structure (DAS) with no restriction on their thickness. These structures present a potential to realize a spectrum of moduli with minimal modifications, a point of relevance for manufactures and designers. To evaluate G* in this paper, models based on technical theories - thin ring theory and curved beam theory - and rigorous theory of elasticity are investigated and corroborated with FEA employing contact elements. Technical theories which give a good match for thin HCS offer compact expressions for moduli which can be harvested to study sensitivity of moduli on topology. On the other hand, elasticity model offers a very good match over a large range of thickness along with exact analysis of stresses by employing computationally efficient expressions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solubilities of 10-undecenoic acid and geraniol in supercritical carbon dioxide

The solubilities of 10-undecenoic acid and geraniol in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured at 308, 313,323 and 333K, and at pressures of 10-18 MPa. Solubilities (in mole fraction),ranged from 0.4 x 10(-3) to 17.4 x 10(-3) for 10-undecenoic acid and 2.7 x 10(-3) to 25 x 10(-3) for geraniol, respectively. The AARD was around 11% and 5% for these models for 10-undecenoic acid and geraniol, respectively. The solubilities of both compounds showed retrograde behavior wherein the solubilities decrease with temperature at isobaric conditions. The solubility of geraniol was higher than 10-undecenoic acid at all investigated temperatures and pressures. The data were found to be self consistent based on the Mendez-Santiago model. New models based on association theory using van Laar and Margules activity coefficient models for solute in liquid phase were derived, and used to correlate the solubilities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Performance evaluation of mobile agent based resource management protocol for MANETs

The nodes with dynamicity, and management without administrator are key features of mobile ad hoc networks (1VIANETs). Increasing resource requirements of nodes running different applications, scarcity of resources, and node mobility in MANETs are the important issues to be considered in allocation of resources. Moreover, management of limited resources for optimal allocation is a crucial task. In our proposed work we discuss a design of resource allocation protocol and its performance evaluation. The proposed protocol uses both static and mobile agents. The protocol does the distribution and parallelization of message propagation (mobile agent with information) in an efficient way to achieve scalability and speed up message delivery to the nodes in the sectors of the zones of a MANET. The protocol functionality has been simulated using Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) Framework for agent generation, migration and communication. A mobile agent migrates from central resource rich node with message and navigate autonomously in the zone of network until the boundary node. With the performance evaluation, it has been concluded that the proposed protocol consumes much less time to allocate the required resources to the nodes under requirement, utilize less network resources and increase the network scalability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental solubilities of two lipid derivatives in supercritical carbon dioxide and new correlations based on activity coefficient models

The solubilities of two lipid derivatives, geranyl butyrate and 10-undecen-1-ol, in SCCO2 (supercritical carbon dioxide) were measured at different operating conditions of temperature (308.15 to 333.15 K) and pressure (10 to 18 MPa). The solubilities (in mole fraction) ranged from 2.1 x 10(-3) to 23.2 x 10(-3) for geranyl butyrate and 2.2 x 10(-3) to 25.0 x 10(-3) for 10-undecen-1-ol, respectively. The solubility data showed a retrograde behavior in the pressure and temperature range investigated. Various combinations of association and solution theory along with different activity coefficient models were developed. The experimental data for the solubilities of 21 liquid solutes along with geranyl butyrate and 10-undecen-1-ol were correlated using both the newly derived models and the existing models. The average deviation of the correlation of the new models was below 15%.

Laser microstructuring of Si surfaces for low-threshold field-electron emission

Dense arrays of high aspect ratio Si micro-pyramids have been formed by cumulative high intensity laser irradiation of doped Si wafers in an SF6 environment. A comparative study using nanosecond (XeCl, 308 nm) and femtosecond (Ti: Sapphire, 800 nm and KrF, 248 nm) laser pulses has been performed in this work. The influence of pulse duration and ambient gas pressure (SF6) is also presented. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that upon laser irradiation conical features appear on the Si surface in a rather homogenous distribution and with a spontaneous self alignment into arrays. Their lowest tip diameter is 800 nm; while their height reaches up to 90 mum. Secondary tip decoration appears on the surface of the formed spikes. Areas of 2 X 2 mm(2) covered with Si cones have been tested as cold cathode field emitters. After several conditioning cycles, the field emission threshold for the studied Si tips is as low as 2 V/mum, with an emission current of 10(-3) A/cm(2) at 4 V/mum. Even though these structures have smaller aspect ratios than good quality carbon nanotubes, their field emission properties are similar. The simple and direct formation of field emission Si arrays over small pre-selected areas by laser irradiation could lead to a novel approach for the development of electron sources. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The statistics of the second order response of an FPSO in spreading seas

An expression for the probability density function of the second order response of a general FPSO in spreading seas is derived by using the Kac-Siegert approach. Various approximations of the second order force transfer functions are investigated for a ship-shaped FPSO. It is found that, when expressed in non-dimensional form, the probability density function of the response is not particularly sensitive to wave spreading, although the mean squared response and the resulting dimensional extreme values can be sensitive. The analysis is then applied to a Sevan FPSO, which is a large cylindrical buoy-like structure. The second order force transfer functions are derived by using an efficient semi-analytical hydrodynamic approach, and these are then employed to yield the extreme response. However, a significant effect of wave spreading on the statistics for a Sevan FPSO is found even in non-dimensional form. It implies that the exact statistics of a general ship-shaped FPSO may be sensitive to the wave direction, which needs to be verified in future work. It is also pointed out that the Newman's approximation regarding the frequency dependency of force transfer function is acceptable even for the spreading seas. An improvement on the results may be attained when considering the angular dependency exactly. Copyright © 2009 by ASME.

Evaluación de trece lineas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) con dos testigos comerciales en prueba avanzada de rendimiento en condiciones de secano en el Pacífico Sur de Nicaragua

El experimento se estableció en el Centro Experimental Campos Azules con el objetivo de seleccionar líneas mejoradas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) que presenten buena adaptabilidad a condiciones de secano y alto rendimiento agrícola e industrial y sanidad, con características agronómicas acorde a las exigencias de los productores. Los testigos comerciales fueron INTA MALACATOYA e INTA N-1. El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables estudiadas fueron: floración, macollamiento, altura de planta, longitud de panícula, número de granos por panícula, fertilidad de panícula, peso de mil granos, rendimiento agrícola, rendimiento industrial y arroz integral, las que fueron sometidas al análisis de varianza y prueba de rangos múltiples de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. También se estudiaron las variables vigor, acame, senescencia, exerción de panícula, desgrane y Helminthosporiosis (Helminthosporium oryzae Breda de Haa), evaluadas según la escala de evaluación estándar de arroz del CIAT (1983). Los resultados indican diferencias altamente significativas para las variables rendimiento agrícola y rendimiento industrial, diferencias significativas para la variable fertilidad de panícula. Las Líneas TSY-1216 y FEDEARROZ-50 mostraron ser muy vigorosas. La línea AVE MARIA presentó el mayor número de hijos por metro lineal con 308.25 hijos. La Línea L-8 presentó menor altura de planta (89 cm) todos los cultivares se califican como plantas semi-enanas. La línea A-2759 tiene tendencia al acame, el resto de los genotipos son resistentes al acame. La Línea FEDEARROZ-50 obtuvo mayor longitud de panícula (27 cm). La línea A-2756 presentó mayor fertilidad de panícula (94). Las líneas ECIA-59, TSY-1216 e INTA MALACATOYA obtuvieron el mayor peso de mil granos, estadísticamente no hubo diferencia (28g). El 93% de los cultivares presentaron tolerancia a helminthosporiosis. Las Líneas que presentaron los mayores rendimientos agrícolas fueron L-64, AVEMARIA, A-2756 y A-2759, con 5800, 5614, 5524 y 5479 kg.ha-1 respectivamente, superiores a los testigos INTA MALACATOYA (4656 kg.ha-1) e INTA N-1 (4488 kg.ha-1). Los tratamientos que presentaron los menores rendimientos agrícolas fueron, L-59 y L-58 con 3748 y 3867 kg.ha-1 respectivamente. La línea que presento el mejor rendimiento industrial fue FEDEARROZ-50 con 93 granos enteros (75). No hubo incidencia por Piricularia.

Nonlinear fatigue damage model based on the residual strength degradation law

In this paper, a logarithmic expression to describe the residual strength degradation process is developed in order to fatigue test results for normalized carbon steel. The definition and expression of fatigue damage due to symmetrical stress with a constant amplitude are also given. The expression of fatigue damage can also explain the nonlinear properties of fatigue damage. Furthermore, the fatigue damage of structures under random stress is analyzed, and an iterative formula to describe the fatigue damage process is deduced. Finally, an approximate method for evaluating the fatigue life of structures under repeated random stress blocking is presented through various calculation examples.

Torsional impact response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded materials with a graded material interlayer

In this paper, the dynamic response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded dissimilar homogeneous half-spaces is studied. It is assumed that the two materials are bonded together with such a inhomogeneous interlayer that makes the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the crack surface is continuous throughout the space. The crack surfaces art assumed to be subjected to torsional impact loading. Laplace and Hankel integral transforms are applied combining with a dislocation density,function to reduce the mixed boundary value problem into a singular integral equation with a generalized Cauchy kernel in Laplace domain. By solving the singular integral equation numerically, and using a numerical Laplace inversion technique, the dynamic stress intensity factors art obtained. The influences of material properties and interlayer thickness on the dynamic stress intensity factor are investigated.

反应烧结Si_3 N_4陶瓷断裂韧性的实验研究

本文对反应烧结氦化硅 Si_3N_4陶瓷的断裂韧性进行实验研究,用三种不同试件进行了测试,这三种试件是:山形切口双悬臂粱试件,山形切口三点弯曲梁试件和直穿透切口三点弯曲梁试件.用有限元方法分析了直穿透切口三点弯曲梁切口宽度对应力强度因子的影响,结合断裂载荷测定值估算了材料的断裂韧性值,指出直切口无预制裂纹试件的测定值必须用有限元法进行修正才能得到正确结果.

Sucessores bem sucedidos? Um balanço realista (e completo) da diplomacia na era militar

Apresenta uma resenha sobre o volume 2 da publicação - Os sucessores do Barão: relações exteriores do Brasil, 1912-1964 - que aborda a história das relações internacionais e da política externa do Brasil durante o regime militar, cobrindo tanto os episódios diplomáticos quanto os relativos ao quadro político e econômico mundial.

高速运动中激波的近似计算

本文着重分析了Rosciszewski的计算激波的方法和whitham的特征准则,并指出了近似计算激波的途径.作为一个例子,计算了钝头圆柱体在高超声速运动下产生的激波.

The plane problem of collinear rigid lines under arbitrary loads

The elastic plane problem of collinear rigid lines under arbitrary loads is dealt with. Applying the Riemann-Schwarz symmetry principle integrated with the analysis of the singularity of complex stress functions, the general formulation is presented, and the closed-form solutions to several problems of practical importance are given, which include some published results as the special cases. Lastly the stress distribution in the immediate vicinity of the rigid line end is examined.

Com a palavra a oposição : a obstrução como recurso para se fazer ouvir

Analisa o papel desempenhado pela oposição e pela minoria nas decisões democráticas tomadas pelo Plenário da Câmara dos Deputados, em votações de matérias que não são consensuais. Tomando por base a votação do Projeto de Lei Complementar 308 de 2006, sobre a Contribuição Social da Saúde, discute as razões pelas quais o governo não conseguiu a aprovação da matéria.