Total nitrogen from solid phase in the Jena Experiment (Block 2 Main Experiment up to 100cm depth, year 2002)

This data set contains measurements of total nitrogen from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Soil sampling and analysis: Stratified soil sampling to a depth of 1m was performed before sowing in April 2002. Three independent samples per plot were taken of all plots in block 2 using a motor-driven soil column cylinder (Cobra, Eijkelkamp, 8.3 cm in diameter). Soil samples were dried at 40°C and segmented to a depth resolution of 5 cm giving 20 depth subsamples per core. All samples were analyzed independently. All soil samples were passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm. Rarely present visible plant remains were removed using tweezers. Total nitrogen concentration was analyzed on ball-milled subsamples (time 4 min, frequency 30 s-1) by an elemental analyzer at 1150°C (Elementaranalysator vario Max CN; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany).

Total nitrogen from solid phase in the Jena Experiment (Block 2 Main Experiment up to 100cm depth, year 2007)

This data set contains measurements of total nitrogen from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Stratified soil sampling to a depth of 1m was repeated in April 2007 (as had been done before sowing in April 2002). Three independent samples per plot were taken of all plots in block 2 using a motor-driven soil column cylinder (Cobra, Eijkelkamp, 8.3 cm in diameter). Soil samples were dried at 40°C and segmented to a depth resolution of 5 cm giving 20 depth subsamples per core. All samples were analyzed independently. All soil samples were passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm. Because of much higher proportions of roots in the soil, the samples in 2007 were further sieved to 1 mm according to common root removal methods. No additional mineral particles were removed by this procedure. Total nitrogen concentration was analyzed on ball-milled subsamples (time 4 min, frequency 30 s-1) by an elemental analyzer at 1150°C (Elementaranalysator vario Max CN; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany).

Synthetic investigations on testerone and its analogues—I *1: The total synthesis of 8-isotestosterone and its anthracene analogue

The total synthesis of 8-isotestosterone (II) and the corresponding anthracene analogue (III) following the benzohydrindane route is reported. Catalytic hydrogenation of trans-1β-acetoxy-8-methyl-4,5-(3′-methyl-4′-hydroxybenzo)-hydrindane (V) followed by oxidation has furnished two isomeric tricyclic keto acetates, viz. 1β,2α-(3′-acetoxycyclopentano)-2,5-dimethyl-6-keto-1α,2,3,4,4aα,-5α,6,7,8,8aα-decahydronaphthalene (VII) and 1β,2α-(3′-acetoxycyclopentano)-2,5-dimethyl-6-keto-1α,2,3,4,4aβ,5,6,7,8,8aβ-decahydronaphthalene (IX) which are cis-non-steroid and cis-steroid configurations of the same cyclopentano-cis-decalins. A difference in the direction of enolization of the keto acetate (VII) in alkylation reaction and enol acetylation towards the methine and the methylene carbon atoms respectively has been observed.

Electromagnetic wave propagation at the interface between two polar semiconductors

The interface between two polar semiconductors can support three types of phonon-plasmon-polariton modes propagating in three well-defined frequency windows ??1?[min(?1,?3),?R1], ??2?[max(?2,?4),?R2], and ??3?[min(?2,?4),?R3]. The limiting frequencies ?1,2,3,4 are defined by ?1(?)=0, ?2(?)=0, and ?R1,2,3 by ?1(?)+?2(?)=0, where ?i(?) are dielectric functions of the two media with i=1,2. The dispersion, decay distances, and polarization of the three modes are discussed. The variation of the limiting frequencies with the interface plasma parameter ???p22/?p12 reveals an interesting feature in the dispersion characteristics of these modes. For the interfaces for which the bulk coupled phonon-plasmon frequencies of medium 1 are greater than the LO frequency or are less than the TO frequency of medium 2, there exist two values of ?=?1 and ?2(

E. U. Magisterio de Vitoria-Gasteiz. Plan general Practicum III. Comisión de prácticas, 4 de julio de 2014

[ES]Las Prácticas Escolares se realizarán en los dos ciclos de Educación Infantil (0-3, 3-6) y en los tres de Educación Primaria (1º-2º, 3º-4º, 5º-6º). Al tratarse de un Prácticum progresivo, cada estudiante cursa la materia a lo largo del segundo, tercer y cuarto curso (Prácticum I, Prácticum II y Prácticum III) con contenidos que tienen continuidad y que suponen un nivel de competencia superior respecto el anterior. Además, el alumnado que en 4º curso se matricule en el minor de Educación Física deberá realizar su periodo de prácticas junto a una maestra o maestro especialista en esta materia, quien tutorizará sus prácticas. El Prácticum supone para el alumnado una oportunidad de adquirir e integrar las habilidades, los conocimientos, las competencias y la práctica necesarios para el ejercicio de su profesión, así como una ocasión para reflexionar de forma individual y grupal acerca del aprendizaje realizado y de la práctica llevada a cabo.

凝胶色谱和1，2聚丁二烯的溶液性质

一、根据凝胶色谱柱的单分散校准关系和试样的实效关系在概念和实质上的区别以及两者在理论上的定量速率，建议了一个从一组重均和数均分子量已确知的多分散试样的实验谱图同时订定凝胶色谱柱的分子量校准关系和扩展因子的计算觅数方法。用聚苯乙烯和聚丁二烯订定的扩展因子—算出体积依赖关系相互重合，与试样的结构无关。如将扩展因子视作常数时，其具体数值可从实验谱图的方差与实效关系和单分散校准关系的斜率比值之间的定量连系得到选定。二、对高1,2聚丁二烯的级份和原试样作了凝胶色谱、光散射和粘度的测量。建议了从一组分布宽度不等的试样的凝胶色谱数据和光散射及粘度测定结果求得单分散[3]-M方程的三种不同方法。用三种方法所得高1,2聚丁二烯的单分散[3]-M方程相互重合。三、导得了从凝胶色谱图所得乙均分子量的扩展改正因子。由光散射得到了乙均迥转半径与乙均分子量的实验数据，订定了单分散1,2聚丁二烯在溶液中的分子尺寸与分子量间的关系。对实验数据作进一步的分析，获得了高1,2聚丁二烯的特性比和空间住阻因子的具体数值，并讨论了1,2结构含量对形态结构的影响。

不同类型作物对干湿交替环境的反应

通过对干湿交替环境下春小麦、马铃薯、大豆和玉米等作物的产量、水分利用效率及光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度等生理变化的研究表明 :( 1 )春小麦和马铃薯在干湿交替环境下可获得与充分供水相当的产量而它们的水分利用效率却显著提高 ,大豆减产幅度较大 ,玉米减产严重 ,其水分利用效率显著低于全湿处理 ;( 2 )浇水后各作物的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度都有所增加 ,但不同作物增加的幅度不同 ,就是同一作物各指标的增幅也不同 ;( 3)干湿交替环境下同化物的运输模式有利于春小麦籽粒的充实和马铃薯块茎的膨大 ,而不利于玉米产量的形成 ;( 4 )产量不仅决定于营养生长阶段 ,更主要决定于生殖生长阶段。此外 ,还就干湿交替过程中若干生理变化和经济产量形成机制作了初步探讨。

中国东北落叶松属3种植物潜在分布对气候变化的敏感性分析

该文在东北地区多年平均的年均温、年降水分布图,海拔高程图、坡度图、坡向图和植被图的基础上,使用地理信息系统和Logistic回归模型的结合,预测3种落叶松(Larixsp.)的"气候-地形"潜在分布区。预测精度用敏感性、指定度和总正确率进行评价,3个树种的敏感性为61%~88%,指定度为80%~99.8%,总正确率为80%~99.8%。年均温、年降水和海拔是控制3种落叶松分布的主要环境因子。采用5种气温变化方案(+1℃、+2℃、+3℃、+4℃和+5℃)和6种降水变化方案(-30%、-20%、-10%、+10%、+20%和+30%),预测气候变化对各个树种潜在分布的影响,探索不同的树种对气候因子的敏感性。结果表明,气温每上升1℃,兴安落叶松(Larixgmelinii)将减少12%;长白落叶松(Larix olgensisvar.changpaiensis)将增加23%;华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprecntii)将增加500%。降水每增加10%,兴安落叶松将减少12.5%;长白落叶松将增加64%;华北落叶松将减少15%;随气候的"暖干化"(+5℃,-30%),兴安落叶松将向西北方退缩100 km左右;长白落叶松向西北方扩展100 km左右;华北落叶松将向东北方扩展800 km左右。随气候的"暖湿化"(+5℃,+30%),兴安落叶松将向西北退缩400km左右;长白落叶松将向西北方扩展550 km;华北落叶松将向东北方扩展320 km左右。

1. 大鼠眶额叶与吗啡成瘾关系的研究2.在自由活动的猕猴大脑上进行神经元单位记录方法的建立

本论文的实验研究内容包括"大鼠眶额叶与吗啡成瘾关系的研究"及"在自由活动的称猴大脑上进行神经元单位放电记录方法的建立"两部分。第一部分在第一部分，着重探讨了眶额叶在吗啡诱导的心理成瘾中的作用。大量的研究证据表明，人类的眶额叶参与了强迫性的药物渴求行为。然而，我们不知道眶额叶在其中是起抑制作用还是促进作用？在人类，眶额叶的功能失调通常会打断动机化行为、不能预测后果以至不能进行正确地判断或者产生难以妙制的重复性行为，那么眶额叶的损伤对吗啡的奖赏效应以及吗啡诱导的药物依赖有什么影响呢？此外，DAD2受体的活动在吗啡成瘾中有十分重要的作用，那么眶额叶中DAD2受体的活动对吗啡诱导的心理成瘾的影响如何呢？另外，给动物或者人系统注射巴氯芬一GAB标受体的激动剂能缓解吗啡诱导的心理成瘾，那么眶额叶GAB绳受体的激活对吗啡诱导的心理成瘾是否具有抑制作用呢？因此，在第一部分我们以大鼠作为吗啡渴求的动物模型围绕上述三个问题开展实验工作。在第一部分的研究中，运用条件化位置偏好的模型，分别研究了大鼠眶额叶电损伤、大鼠眶额叶微量注射DAD2激动剂和拮抗剂以及GABAB受体激动剂一巴氯芬对吗啡诱导的药物依赖的影响；结果表明：（1）大鼠眶额叶在吗啡一环境刺激这个特殊的条件化学习过程中的作用是十分有限的；（2）如果条件化建立之后眶额叶的功能受损，可能导致眶额叶抑制功能的障碍，表现出抑制功能的减弱，因而不能抑制原来在一定的条件下引导的行为反应，所以，表现出对药物渴求的增加；长期滥用药物所导致眶额叶的功能受损势必会增加对药物的依赖。（3）眶额叶的DADZ受体可能对药物心理渴求起着抑制作用，当DAD2受体受到抑制时，眶额叶对吗啡渴求行为的抑制被削弱，导致动物渴求行为明显增加。同时，本研究也证实了眶额叶的GABAB受体活动没有涉及到对心理渴求的调节； 第二部分在第二部分，着重介绍了"在自由活动的称猴大脑上进行神经元单位放电记录方法的建立"。单个神经元活动的胞外记录是现代神经生物学研究的重要手段之一，是在细胞水平上研究大脑的感觉、运动、认知功能等常用而又极其重要的方法，它在研究动物脑与行为的关系上发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，在传统的记录系统里记录设施通常限制着动物的活动，也影响了动物行为的自然展示，因而对动物脑功能与某些行为关系的研究具有很大的局限性。在传统技术的基础上，我们对神经元胞外记录方法进行了一系列的改进，建立起一套轻便的记录系统和适合在户外自由活动的琳猴大脑上进行神经元单位放电的胞外记录及追踪动物行为的方法。利用这种方法，就可以在室外自由活动称猴的大脑上记录到信噪比高且能稳定数小时的放电神经元；在单位放电的记录过程中，动物是处于室外自由活动状态不会因为实验操作引起动物的紧张；伴随着神经元单位放电的记录，同时进行着动物相关行为信息的记录；其中下列几个因素在方法的建立上起着至关重要的作用：（1）特殊设计的可移动的微电极；（2）小而轻的放大器；（3）信号的无线传输方式；它的建立为我们研究细胞活动和动物行为关系以及研究非人灵长类社会行为的细胞学基础提供了一种全新的方法。

Luminescence properties of Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors prepared by spray pyrolysis process

Starting from metal nitrate aqueous solutions and H3BO3, Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors were synthesized by spray pyrolysis followed by annealing at high temperature. The obtained phosphor particles have spherical morphology with size in the range 0.5-2 mu m. Independent of the x values in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors, the Eu3+ ion shows its characteristic D-5(0), (1)-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions with D-5(0)-F-7(2) red emission (612 nm) as the most prominent group. The photoluminescence intensity of phosphors increases with the increase of x value in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) due to an energy migration process like Gd3+-(Gd3+)(n)-Eu3+ that occurred in the host materials.

Fabrication, patterning and luminescence properties of X-2-Y2SiO5 : A (A = Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) phosphor films via sol-gel soft lithography

X-2-y(2)SiO(5):A (A = Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) phosphor films and their patterning were fabricated by a sol-gel process combined with a soft lithography. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) optical microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 900 degreesC with X-1-Y2SiO5, which transformed completely to X-2-Y2SiO5 at 1250 degreesC. Patterned thin films with different band widths (5 pin spaced by 5 pm and 16 pm spaced by 24 pm) were obtained by a soft lithography technique (micromoulding in capillaries, MIMIC). The SEM and AFM study revealed that the nonpattemed phosphor films were uniform and crack free, and the films mainly consisted of closely packed grains with an average size of 350 run. The doped rare earth ions (A) showed their characteristic emissions in X-2-Y2SiO5 phosphor films, i.e., D-5(0)-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2,3,4) for Eu3+, D-5(3), (4)-F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) for Tb3+ and 5d (D-2)-4f (F-2(2/5),(2/7)) for Ce3+, respectively. The optimum doping concentrations for EU3+, Tb3+ were determined to be 13 and 8 mol% of Y3+ in X-2-Y2SiO5 films, respectively.

La_(4-x)(P_2O_5)_3:Eu_x的合成及光谱性质

磷酸盐是一类十分稳定的晶体化合物 ,易形成 P— O键的多酸根聚合体[1 ] ,以直键或环状排列 ,它们能与稀土离子形成稳定的化合物。作为稀土发光材料的基质 ,具有吸收能力强、转换效率高、物理化学性质稳定、能承受大功率的电子束和高能射线等优点 ,在光致发光 [2 ] 、电致发光[3] 、阴极射线发光 [4 ] 和X射线发光 [5] 等方面获得了广泛的应用。近年来 ,关于稀土焦磷酸盐的合成已有不少的报道。常用的方法是高温固相法 [6 ] ,用此方法合成的样品虽然亮度高 ,但纯度较低 ,粒度不均匀 ,所以探索合成稀土焦磷酸盐的新方法十分有必要。本文采用液相法合成稀土焦磷酸盐 ,通过对产物的 X射线衍射图的分析来探索合成稀土焦磷酸盐的最佳酸度和最佳锻烧温度 ,并对产物的激发光谱和发射光谱作了分析 ,此方法具有纯度高、粒度小和工艺简单等特点。La4 - x(P2 O5) 3:Eux 的合成 :准确称取 1 0 .0 0 0 0 g La2 O3(99.99% )和 2 .0 0 0 0 g Eu2 O3(99.99% ) ,分别用浓 HNO3(优级纯 )溶解完全 ,加蒸馏水配制成 0 .1 mol/ L 的 La(N...

Y_2O_3∶Eu~(3+)发光薄膜的溶胶凝胶法制备、表征及图案化

采用Pechini溶胶 凝胶法制备了纳米级Y2O3∶Eu3+发光薄膜,同时,通过软石印技术得到了条纹宽度为5～60μm的Y2O3∶Eu3+图案化发光薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、付里叶变换 红外光谱(FT IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM),光致发光(PL)光谱及寿命等方法对得到的发光薄膜进行了表征。XRD结果表明500℃时薄膜开始结晶,900℃已结晶完全,得到了立方相的产物。图案化的条纹在烧结的过程中发生了明显的收缩(50%)。Y2O3基质向掺杂的稀土离子Eu3+发生了有效的能量传递,使得Eu3+显示出5D0 7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)特征发射。寿命和光致发光光谱的研究表明,发光强度随着温度的升高而增强。