Caracterización numérica in situ de germoplasma de chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz), Comunidad El Castillito, Las Sabanas, Madriz

El estudio se realizó para determinar variación in situ en chayote o pataste [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz] en la comunidad El Castillito, Las Sabanas, Madriz. Se muestrearon 35 accesiones de chayote, y se midieron 34 variables cuantitativas y cualitativas como tamaño de fruto y semilla, forma y color del fruto, presencia de espinas y cantidad de fibra, entre otras. Análisis descriptivo, componentes principales y conglomerados se aplicaron a dicha variables. Los frutos fueron de coloración crema hasta verde oscuro; redondos, ovoides y alargados; y con presencia de espinas. Los tres primeros componentes principales aislaron el 60 % de la variación total. El análisis de conglomerado (método Ward y Gower) agrupó a las accesiones en 6 grupos. Los materiales muestreados presentaron variación considerable en muchas características.

Análisis descriptivo de la degradación ruminal in situ de piscidium de Moringa oleífera en la Finca Santa Rosa, Managua, Nicaragua

Se realizó un estudio en la finca Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria ubicada en Managua-Nicaragua. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis descriptivo de la composición química de la harina de piscidium de Moringa oleifera [Materia seca (MS), Proteína Bruta (PB), Fibra Cruda (FC), Extracto etéreo (EE) y Ceniza (CE)] así como la degradación ruminal in situ de la MS (DMS), PB (DPB) y FC (DFC) de la misma. Se utilizó la técnica de degradación in situ para evaluar la cinética de la degradabilidad de piscidium de Moringa en el rumen. Los tiempos de incubación evaluados fueron 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72h. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la composición química de piscidium de Moringa presentó valores de 97.16% MS, 5.27% PB, 59.7% FC, 1.08% EE y CE de 8.18%. La DMS fue de 36.12% a las 72 h de incubación. La DPB tuvo una rápida degradabilidad en las primeras 6 h (29.75%) con un máximo de degradación potencial a las 72 h de 45.71%, sin embargo la DFC fue lenta durante las primeras 12 h, (6.77%), posterior a las mismas se incrementó la degradabilidad de la FC alcanzando un máximo potencial de degradabilidad de 19.38% a las 72 h de incubación. Los resultados indican que la harina de piscidium de Moringa es un alimento de mayor valor nutritivo que muchos alimentos toscos o lignificados, sin embargo para mejorar su aprovechamiento en la alimentación animal debe ser acompañado con una fuente nitrogenada o ser incluido como material de relleno en alimentos concentrados, bloques multinutricionales o amonificado.

[S_Ambrona_Insitu] Levantamiento fotogramétrico del yacimiento paleontológico “Museo in situ” de Ambrona (Soria)

[ES] Se trata de un área cubierta de unos 8 x 8 metros (la altura del techo es de unos 2,5 metros en la zona más baja) en la que se disponen varios huesos de diferentes especies entre los que destacan, por su porte, varios colmillos de elefante.

In Situ Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Intermetallic Compound Layer During Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment of Zirconium

The surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique was developed to synthesize a nanocrystalline (NC) layer on the surface of metallic materials for upgrading their overall properties and performance. In this paper, by means of SMAT to a pure zirconium plate at the room temperature, repetitive multidirectional peening of steel shots (composition (wt%): 1C, 1.5Cr, base Fe) severely deformed the surface layer. A NC surface layer consisting of the intermetallic compound FeCr was fabricated on the surface of the zirconium. The microstructure characterization of the surface layer was performed by using X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations. The NC surface layer was about 25 mu m thick and consisted of the intermetallic compound FeCr with an average grain size of 25 +/- 10 nm. The deformation-induced fast diffusion of Fe and Cr from the steel shots into Zr occurred during SMAT, leading to the formation of intermetallic compound. In addition, the NC surface layer exhibited an ultrahigh nanohardness of 10.2 GPa.

Combined Fluorescent-Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for Identification and Laser Microdissection of Interphase Chromosomes

Chromosome territories constitute the most conspicuous feature of nuclear architecture, and they exhibit non-random distribution patterns in the interphase nucleus. We observed that in cell nuclei from humans with Down Syndrome two chromosomes 21 frequently localize proximal to one another and distant from the third chromosome. To systematically investigate whether the proximally positioned chromosomes were always the same in all cells, we developed an approach consisting of sequential FISH and CISH combined with laser-microdissection of chromosomes from the interphase nucleus and followed by subsequent chromosome identification by microsatellite allele genotyping. This approach identified proximally positioned chromosomes from cultured cells, and the analysis showed that the identity of the chromosomes proximally positioned varies. However, the data suggest that there may be a tendency of the same chromosomes to be positioned close to each other in the interphase nucleus of trisomic cells. The protocol described here represents a powerful new method for genome analysis

State of Technology for In Situ Measures of Salinity Using Conductive Temperature Sensors, Savannah, Georgia, December 3-5, 2007: workshop proceedings

This Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) workshop was convened to assess the availability and state of development of conductivity-temperature sensors that can meet the needs of coastal monitoring and management communities. Rased on the discussion, there are presently a number of commercial sensor options available, with a wide range of package configurations suitable for deployment in a range of coastal environments. However, some of the central questions posed in the workshop planning documents were left somewhat unresolved. The workshop description emphasized coastal management requirements and, in particular, whether less expensive, easily deployed, lower-resolution instruments might serve many management needs. While several participants expressed interest in this class of conductivity-temperature sensors, based on input from the manufacturers, it is not clear that simply relaxing the present level of resolution of existing instruments will result in instruments of significantly lower unit cost. Conductivity-temperature sensors are available near or under the $1,000 unit cost that was operationally defined at the workshop as a breakpoint for what might be considered to be a "low cost" sensor. For the manufacturers, a key consideration before undertaking the effort to develop lower cost sensors is whether there will be a significant market. In terms of defining "low cost," it was also emphasized that the "life cycle costs" for a given instrument must be considered (e.g., including personnel costs for deployment and maintenance). An adequate market survey to demonstrate likely applications and a viable market for lower cost sensors is needed. Another topic for the workshop was the introduction to the proposed ACT verification for conductivity-temperature sensors. Following a summary of the process as envisioned by ACT, initial feedback was solicited. Protocol development will be pursued further in a workshop involving ACT personnel and conductivity-temperature sensor manufacturers.[PDF contains 28 pages]

Applications of in situ Fluorometers in Nearshore waters, Cape Elizabeth, Maine, February 2-4,2005: workshop proceedings

The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop "Applications of in situ Fluorometers in Nearshore Waters" was held in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, February 2-4,2005, with sponsorship by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GoMOOS), one of the ACT partner organization. The purpose of the workshop was to explore recent trends in fluorometry as it relates to resource management applications in nearshore environments. Participants included representatives from state and federal environmental management agencies as well as research institutions, many of whom are currently using this technology in their research and management applications. Manufacturers and developers of fluorometric measuring systems also attended the meeting. The Workshop attendees discussed the historical and present uses of fluorometry technology and identified the great potential for its use by coastal managers to fulfill their regulatory and management objectives. Participants also identified some of the challenges associated with the correct use of Fluorometers to estimate biomass and the rate of primary productivity. The Workshop concluded that in order to expand the existing use of fluorometers in both academic and resource management disciplines, several issues concerning data collection, instrument calibration, and data interpretation needed to be addressed. Participants identified twelve recommendations, the top five of which are listed below: Recommendations 1) Develop a "Guide" that describes the most important aspects of fluorescence measurements. This guide should be written by an expert party, with both research and industry input, and should be distributed by all manufacturers with their instrumentation. The guide should also be made available on the ACT website as well as those of other relevant organizations. The guide should include discussions on the following topics: The benefits of using fluorometers in research and resource management applications; What fluorometers can and cannot provide in terms of measurements; The necessary assumptions required before applying fluorometry; Characterization and calibration of fluorometers; (pdf contains 32 pages)