大豆（Glycine max (L) Merr.）生理生态特性及其与产量的关系

本论文由三部分组成: 1) 大豆高产品种黑农40与低产品种黑农37不同发育时期叶片光合生理生态特性的研究;以不同产量水平的东北大豆黑农40和对照品种黑农37为试验材料，研究了从幼苗期到衰老期五个不同发育时期叶片光合作用特性的变化。尤其是系统的研究了光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率的变化之间的联系，以及气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度的相随变化。发现净光合速率和产量之间存在明显的正相关关系，各个光合生理生态参数之间也有密切的关系。 2) 在大豆生长过程的重要时期结荚期，对大豆品种黑农37和黑农40的光合和水分特性的日变化研究;测定结荚期黑农37和黑农40的光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度和水分特征(水分利用效率和水势)的日变化以及它们之间可能存在的联系，并分析了光抑制的现象,研究表明在晴朗的一天中，光合速率的日变化呈双峰曲线，在整个日变化中，黑农40的净光合速率都比黑农37的要高。黑农40和黑农37相比，在水分亏缺的情况下黑农40能维持较高的水势和水分利用效率，特别是在中午的时候，差别更加明显。 3) 比较研究了1970s 、1980s 和1990s 期间不同大豆 (Glycine max (L) Merr.)品种的生理生态特性：光合作用、蒸腾作用、水分利用效率和叶片水势，分析了各生理生态特性之间以及与产量的关系。研究表明光合速率和产量之间存在显著的相关关系，大豆叶片水势和净光合速率之间也存在明显正相关关系，高产大豆在水分亏缺的情况下仍能维持较高的的水分利用效率和水势。

Suitability of rich-fish culture under mono and polyculture systems in the boro rice ecosystem

An experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields under Paikgacha thana, Khulna to study the suitability of integrated rice-cum-fish culture. Three treatments namely T1 (Puntius gonionotus), T2 (Puntius gonionotus and Cyprinus carpio) and T3 ( Cyprinus carpio) were included for the study each having three replicates. The fish were stocked at a density of 3750/ha in all the rice plots. The physicochemical parameters of water viz., water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, nitrate and phosphate etc. recorded during the study period were found within optimum range. Of the two cultured species C. carpio attained the highest average individual weight (160g) and survival (81.06%). With respect to biomass and income, highest average fish production and net profit per hectare (306.74kg and Tk. 8177.91) were obtained in T2 and the lowest (184.17kg and Tk. 2049.41) obtained in T1 and a significant variation (p<0.05) in fish production was observed among the treatments while for rice production, it was insignificant. The cost benefit ratio of fish production found were 1:1.29, 1:2.14 and 1:1.90 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively.

大豆（Glycine max (L)Merr.）叶片和非叶器官光合特性探讨

本论文由三部分组成，一、大豆高产品种黑农40与低产品种黑农37不同发育时期叶片光合功能的比较研究。二、大豆非叶器官豆荚的光合特性。三、不同大豆品种叶片和非叶器官光合特性的比较分析。 一、 黑农40和黑农37不同发育时期叶片的光合特性。 以不同产量水平的东北大豆黑农40和对照品种黑农37为试验材料，研究了从幼苗期到衰老期五个不同发育时期叶片光合作用特性的变化。尤其是比较系统地研究了C4途径的表达，并通过相关分析，发现C4途径酶的活性与大豆的光合效率及其产量密切相关。主要研究结果如下： 1．测定不同发育时期大豆叶片净光合速率、DCIP光还原活力和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPcase)活力，结果表明，黑农40和黑农37叶片净光合速率均在初荚期达到最高值，而且不同发育时期的黑农40叶片光合能力均强于黑农37。 2．随着大豆叶片的发育和衰老，其叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的含量及Chla/b比值有一个逐渐升高，而后降低的过程。在同一发育时期，高产高光效品种黑农40光合色素含量均高于黑农37，有助于黑农40捕获更多的光能供光合作用所利用。 3．叶绿体吸收光谱及四阶导数光谱表明在整个生育期内以初荚期叶片对光能的吸收能力最强;而每一个发育时期黑农40叶片对光能吸收的能力均比黑农37高。荧光动力学参数表明，高产大豆黑农40叶片PSII活性(Fv/Fo)，光化学猝灭系数(qP)及PSII总的光化学量子产量也均高于对照品种黑农37的相应值：而黑农40的非光化学猝灭系数(qN)低于黑农37。说明高产大豆叶片具有与产量潜力相关的较高光能吸收和原初转化能力。通过对叶片及其叶绿体低温(77K)荧光发射光谱特性的分析表明，黑农40叶绿体对两个光系统之间激发能的调节能力优于黑农37。总之，黑农40对光能的吸收、传递和转化能力高于黑农37，从而能为碳同化提供更多能量。 4．通过研究苗期、开花期、初荚期、鼓粒期和衰老期等发育阶段的黑农40和黑农37叶片中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、NADP-苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP-MDH)、NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)、丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)等C4途径的关键酶的活性变化，结合同位素14CO2喂饲试验，证明两种大豆叶片均含有C4途径四种关键酶，其原初产物含有有限的有机酸，说明有C4循环存在;而从PEPCase/RuBPcase的比值看，C4途径的酶在黑农40叶片中表达较高。通过相关分析，我们发现Pn与PSII光化学活性，RuBPCase及C4酶活性密切相关。这些结果还暗示有可能通过检测C4途径酶的表达水平及比例，筛选出具有高产潜力的大豆种质。 二、大豆非叶器官豆荚的光合特性。 通过对大豆非叶器官豆荚光合特性的研究，结果表明大豆豆荚的光合能力在鼓粒期达到最高值。通过叶绿体吸收光谱、荧光动力学和低温荧光等测定技术，我们发现鼓粒期的豆荚对光能的吸收、传递和转化有更高的能力;在鼓粒期不同品种的豆荚色素的含量也较高，从而有利于捕获更多的光能，供光合作用利用。DCIP光还原活力的测定结果表明鼓粒期豆荚也具有较高光合能力。 通过对大豆的初荚期、鼓粒期和衰老期豆荚RuBPCase和四种C4途径酶活性的研究，不仅证明非叶器官中有高活性的C4途径酶和存在有限的C4途径，而且鼓粒期豆荚有较高的碳同化效率。 三、不同大豆叶片和非叶器官光合特性的比较分析。 对三种大豆叶片、豆荚、种皮和子叶的色素含量和Chla/b进行测定，利用光谱技术、荧光技术及RuBPCase活性的测定，分析了大豆不同器官的光合特性。试验结果证明，非叶器官具有与叶器官相似的光合性能。与叶片比较，表明在非叶器官中具有非常高的C4酶活性。有利于补偿叶片开始衰老光合作用衰退的不足，因此非叶器官的这些光合特性有助于增加大豆光合产物的积累。

Superconducting properties of Gd-Ba-Cu-O single grains processed from a new, Ba-rich precursor compound

Gd-Ba-Cu-O (GdBCO) single grains have been previously melt-processed successfully in air using a generic Mg-Nd-Ba-Cu-O (Mg-NdBCO) seed crystal. Previous research has revealed that the addition of a small amount of BaO 2 to the precursor powders prior to melt processing can suppress the formation of Gd/Ba solid solution, and lead to a significant improvement in superconducting properties of the single grains. Research into the effects of a higher Ba content on single grain growth, however, has been limited by the relatively small grain size in the earlier studies. This has been addressed by developing Ba-rich precursor compounds Gd-163 and Gd-143, fabricated specifically to enable the presence of greater concentrations of Ba during the melt process. In this study, we propose a new processing route for the fabrication of high performance GdBCO single grain bulk superconductors in air by enriching the precursor powder with these new Ba rich compounds. The influence of the addition of the new compounds on the microstructures and superconducting properties of GdBCO single grains is reported. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.

CpG islands or CpG clusters: how to identify functional GC-rich regions in a genome?

Background: CpG islands (CGIs), clusters of CpG dinucleotides in GC-rich regions, are often located in the 5' end of genes and considered gene markers. Hackenberg et al. ( 2006) recently developed a new algorithm, CpGcluster, which uses a completely diffe

A novel proline rich bombesin-related peptide (PR-bombesin) from toad Bombina maxima

A novel bombesin-related peptide was isolated from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Its primary structure was established as pGlu-Lys-Lys-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2. The amino-terminal (N-terminal) 8-residue segment comprising four prolines and three basic residues is extensively different from bombesins from other Bombina species. The peptide was thus named proline rich bombesin (PR-bombesin). PR-bumbesin was found to elicit concentration-dependent contractile effects in the rat stomach strip, with both increased potency and intrinsic activity as compared with those of [Leu(13)]bombesin. Analysis of different bombesin cDNA structures revealed that an 8 to 14- nucleotide fragment replacement in the peptide coding region (TGGGGAAT in the cDNAs of multiple bombesin forms from Bombina orientalis and CACCCCGGCCACCC in the cDNA of PR-bombesin) resulted in an unusual Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro motif in the N-terminal part of PR-bombesin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Maximin 9, a novel free thiol containing antimicrobial peptide with antimycoplasma activity from frog Bombina maxima

Amphibian skin is a rich resource of antimicrobial peptides, like maximins and maximin Hs from frog Bombina maxima. Novel cDNA clones encoding a precursor protein, which comprises a novel maximin peptide (maximin 9) and reported maximin H3, were isolated from two constructed skin cDNA libraries of B. maxima. The predicted primary structure of maximin 9 is GIGRKFLGGVKTTFRCGVKDFASKHLY-NH2. A surprising substitution is at position 16, with a free cysteine in maximin 9 rather than usual conserved glycine in other reported maximins. Maximin 9, the homodimer form and its Cys(16) to Gly(16) mutant were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Unlike previously reported maximin 3, the tested bacterial and fungal strains were resistant to maximin 9, its homodimer and the Cys(16) to Gly(16) mutant (with MICs > 100 mu M). On the other hand, interestingly, while eight clinical Mollicutes strains were generally resistant to maximin 9 homodimer and its Cys(16) to Gly(16) mutant, most of them are sensitive to maximin 9 at a peptide concentration of 30 mu M, especially in the presence of dithiothreitol. These results indicate that the presence of a reactive Cys residue in maximin 9 is important for its antimycoplasma activity. The diversity of antimicrobial peptide cDNA structures encountered in B. maxima skin cDNA libraries and the antimicrobial specificity differences of the peptides may reflect well the species' adaptation to the unique microbial environments. (c) 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of zinc and manganese supplementation to tricalcium phosphate rich diet for tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

Effects of zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) supplementation to a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) rich diet for tiger puffer have been investigated. A TCP supplement to the diet decreased the growth of fish compared to the control diet with a Ca supplementation from Ca-lactate. However, addition of either Zn or Mn to the TCP supplemented diet could not improve the growth of tiger puffer. Addition of both zinc and manganese to the TCP supplemented diet improved the growth of tiger puffer.

Purification and cloning of cysteine-rich proteins from Trimeresurus jerdonii and Naja atra venoms

Three 26 kDa proteins, named as TJ-CRVP, NA-CRVP1 and NA-CRVP2, were isolated from the venoms of Trimeresurus jerdonii and Naja atra, respectively. The N-terminal sequences of TJ-CRVP and NA-CRVPs were determined. These components were devoid of the enzymatic activities tested, such as phospholipase A(2), arginine esterase, proteolysis, L-amino acid oxidase, 5' nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, these three components did not have the following biological activities: coagulant and anticoagulant activities, lethal activity, myotoxicity, hemorrhagic activity, platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation-inhibiting activities. These proteins are named as cysteine-rich venom protein (CRVP) because their sequences showed high level of similarity with mammalian cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family. Recently, some CRISP-like proteins were also isolated from several different snake venoms, including Agkistrodon blomhoffi, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Lanticauda semifascita and king cobra. We presumed that CRVP might be a common component in snake venoms. Of particular interest, phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that NA-CRVP1 and ophanin, both from elapid snakes, share higher similarity with CRVPs from Viperidae snakes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication

Advances in genome technology have facilitated a new understanding of the historical and genetic processes crucial to rapid phenotypic evolution under domestication(1,2). To understand the process of dog diversification better, we conducted an extensive genome-wide survey of more than 48,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in dogs and their wild progenitor, the grey wolf. Here we show that dog breeds share a higher proportion of multi-locus haplotypes unique to grey wolves from the Middle East, indicating that they are a dominant source of genetic diversity for dogs rather than wolves from east Asia, as suggested by mitochondrial DNA sequence data(3). Furthermore, we find a surprising correspondence between genetic and phenotypic/functional breed groupings but there are exceptions that suggest phenotypic diversification depended in part on the repeated crossing of individuals with novel phenotypes. Our results show that Middle Eastern wolves were a critical source of genome diversity, although interbreeding with local wolf populations clearly occurred elsewhere in the early history of specific lineages. More recently, the evolution of modern dog breeds seems to have been an iterative process that drew on a limited genetic toolkit to create remarkable phenotypic diversity.

Glycine receptor activation regulates short-term plasticity in CA1 area of hippocampal slices of rats

Functional glycine receptors (GlyRs) are enriched in the hippocampus, but their roles in synaptic transmission are unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of GlyR activation on paired-pulse stimulation of the whole-cell postsynaptic currents (PSCs)

Glycine uptake regulates hippocampal network activity via glycine receptor-mediated tonic inhibition

Functional glycine receptors (GlyRs) are enriched in the hippocampus, but their role in hippocampal function remains unclear. Since the concentration of ambient glycine is determined by the presence of powerful glycine transporter (GlyT), we blocked the r