Composition, temporal and spatial patterns of very-nearshore larval fish assemblages at the Arrábida marine park

Tese dout., Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 2006

The importance of the pelagic larval phase of the wedge shell Donax trunculus (L.): implications for the management of the fishery

The wedge shell, Donax trunculus, inhabits high energy environment of exposed sandy beaches from the Atlantic coast of France to Senegal. Like all Donacidae, it is relative small, flat-shaped with elongated solid shells. It is a highly demanded and valuable species mainly in Algarve, with the dredge fleet increasing the pressure on species stocks. In 1986 the Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA) initiated a bivalve survey program to evaluate the stock status of species with economical valuable but always on the adult population. Since then, several managing measures were implemented to guarantee bivalves’ sustainable exploitation. Despite the available information on the abundance and distribution of the wedge shell along the Algarve coast, no information on the larval planktonic phase is available. To fill in this gap, the present study aimed at obtaining, for the first time information on the broodstock condition and on the pelagic phase of the wedge shell in the Algarve coast.

Effect of temperature on embryonic development, larval viability and biomarkers in the first stages of life of Octopus Vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797)

Dissertação de Mestrado, Aquacultura e Pescas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

A promoção da motivação pela competição : área disciplinar não curricular, área de projecto do 12º ano

Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

Characterizing the effects of ocean acidification in larval and juvenile Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, using a transcriptomic approach

Ocean acidification as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and global climate change poses a risk to the ecological landscape of intertidal and shallow subtidal communities. The organisms that inhabit these waters will have to cope with changing environmental conditions through the appropriate modulation of physiological processes. Calcifying organisms are particularly at risk, as increased atmospheric levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the oceans. Increased pCO2 reduces the saturation of carbonate minerals required to form calcified structures. Being able to cope with the increased energetic demand of maintaining these structures, in addition to other vital physiological processes, will be the key driver that determines which organisms will persist. Assessment of larval and juvenile Manila clam mortality and physiology in this study suggests that this species is capable of coping with elevated pCO2 conditions. The use of high throughput sequencing and RNA sequence analysis in larval clams revealed several physiological processes that play important roles in the Manila clam’s ability to tolerate elevated pCO2 conditions during this life stage. Exposure of juvenile Manila clams, acclimated to elevated pCO2 conditions, to a thermal stress revealed that this species might also be capable of coping with multiple stressors associated with global climate change. Manila clams could therefore represent a model for studying physiological mechanisms associated with successful acclimation of populations to ocean acidification.

Imperfeições e competição no mercado político

As teorias da escolha pública ou a racionalidade das politicas divergem doutras abordagens ao estudo do comportamento politico, na medida em que assentam em modelos nos quais indivíduos racionais procuram promover as seus próprios interesses. Neste trabalho apresentamos alguns dos principais modelos que encarnam este pressuposto de comportamento politico.

Projecto de um sistema de transmissão de um veículo de competição formula student

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica.

Efeitos do treino dos músculos inspiratórios em remadores de competição

Introdução: A fadiga muscular compromete o funcionamento do sistema respiratório durante o exercício físico afetando os músculos respiratórios e podendo prejudicar a performance. Um programa de treino dos músculos inspiratórios (TMI) poderá trazer benefícios aos atletas, melhorando capacidades respiratórias e por consequência o seu desempenho. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do TMI na função pulmonar em remadores de competição e se este poderá influenciar a sua performance. Métodos: Participaram no estudo 14 atletas de remo, séniores, do sexo masculino. Foram avaliados antes e depois da aplicação do TMI, realizado durante seis semanas recorrendo a um threshold. Os atletas foram submetidos a duas séries de 30 repetições a 50% da pressão inspiratória máxima estimada (PIM). Nos dois momentos de avaliação foram registados, com recurso ao sistema BIOPAC MP36, os valores de: Capacidade Vital (CV), Volume Corrente (VC), Capacidade Pulmonar Total (CPT), Volume de Reserva Inspiratório (VRI), Volume de Reserva Expiratório (VRE), Volume Expiratório Forçado no primeiro segundo (FEV1) e Ventilação Voluntária Máxima (VVM). Resultados: Verificou-se um aumento significativo da VVM (p = 0,000), do VRI (p = 0,009) e do VC (p = 0,033) entre a primeira e segunda avaliação. Não se detetaram melhorias relevantes nos valores das capacidades e restantes volumes pulmonares que, no entanto, aumentaram ligeiramente, com a exceção do VRE, expressando a especificidade do TMI, corroborada pela melhoria nos valores do VRI. Conclusão: O TMI produz efeitos positivos na função pulmonar em remadores de competição aumentando a resistência muscular do atleta, que não entra em fadiga respiratória tão precocemente permitindo-lhe assim uma maior capacidade de resposta às exigências que o exercício requer.

Efeitos da técnica Stretching Global Ativo na flexibilidade em nadadores de alta competição

Introdução: A flexibilidade é uma qualidade física importante na prática da natação, pois a qualidade da execução de inúmeros movimentos depende diretamente do grau de mobilidade das articulações envolvidas. Objetivo(s): Analisar o efeito da flexibilidade proporcionado pelo método Stretching Global Ativo (SGA) em nadadores de alta competição. Métodos: Foram incluídos 30 nadadores de alta competição, divididos em dois grupos: um grupo de controlo (GC) e um grupo experimental (GE). No GE foi aplicado posturas segundo o método SGA, ao longo de 20 semanas. Em todos os nadadores avaliou-se o flexiteste, o teste da extensão do tronco e o teste 3º dedo ao solo. Resultados: Verificou-se um aumento significativo dos níveis de flexibilidade na cadeia posterior e nos valores do flexiteste no GE face ao GC (p≤0,05). Na cadeia anterior não foram identificadas diferenças significativas em nenhum momento. Conclusão: Com a utilização de um protocolo de treino de SGA obteve-se um aumento da flexibilidade da cadeia posterior e dos valores do flexiteste.

Conceção e dimensionamento do chassis e sistema de travagem de um veículo de competição do tipo Formula SAE

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The effect of feeding regime on larval black fly (Diptera: simuliidae) primary head fan ray number

Identification of larval simuliids has always been difficult due to the morphological similarity many species bear to one another. For this reason all characters available have been drawn upon to aid in species identification, including head fan ray number. Even in light of an increasing body of anecdotal reports that head fan ray number is not fixed, it has continued to be used to aid species identification. In the current experiment simuliid larvae were reared under controlled laboratory conditions to last instar in one of three feeding regimes. Out of nine trials, the results of six showed a significant inverse relationship between feeding regime and head fan ray number. In addition to the laboratory experiments, larvae were also collected from the field over the course of the spring and summer, 1994. From these samples significant interspecific and intraspecific variations in head fan ray number were found both spatially and temporally within Algonquin Park. From these data it is concluded that head fan ray number for the species analysed is a developmentally plastic character, which varies in response to food availability. Furthermore, given the extreme variations in head fan ray number found in some species, I recommend that head fan ray number not be used as an aid to identification unless it can be shown to be a fixed character for the species in question.

Larval habitat associations with human land uses, roads, rivers, and land cover for Anopheles albimanus, A. pseudopunctipennis, and A. punctimacula (Diptera: Culicidae) in coastal and highland Ecuador

Larval habitat for three highland Anopheles species: Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, and Anopheles punctimacula Dyar and Knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western Ecuadorian Andes. Of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for A. punctimacula and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal components analysis (PCA) to the presence of macrophyte vegetation, greater surface area, clarity, and algae cover. Empty lots (n = 30) were related in the PCA to incident sunlight and provided potential habitat for A. pseudopunctipennis and A. albimanus in less than 14% of sites. The other land uses surveyed (banana, sugarcane, and mixed tree plantations; n = 28, 21, 25, respectively) provided very little standing water that could potentially be used for larval habitat. River edges and eddies (n = 41) were associated with greater clarity, depth, temperature, and algae cover, which provide potentially suitable habitat for A. albimanus in 58% of sites and A. pseudopunctipennis in 29% of sites. Road-associated water bodies (n = 38) provided potential habitat for A. punctimacula in 44% of sites and A. albimanus in 26% of sites surveyed. Species collection localities were compared to land cover classifications using Geographic Information Systems software. All three mosquito species were associated more often with the category “closed/open broadleaved evergreen and/or semi-deciduous forests” than expected (P ≤ 0.01 in all cases), given such a habitat’s abundance. This study provides evidence that specific human land uses create habitat for potential malaria vectors in highland regions of the Andes.

Evaluación de dietas y sus efectos en el desarrollo larval de Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald (Diptera: culicidae) en condiciones de laboratorio

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Entomología Médica) UANL

Evaluación en campo del depredador Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiebaud) (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) para el control larval del vector del dengue Aedes aegypti (L.) en Monterrey, Nuevo León [por] Norma Gorrochotegui Escalante

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Entomología Médica) U.A.N.L.

Extraction of Glucan from Acremonium Diospyri and Its Application in Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Larval Rearing System Along With Bacterians as Microspheres

Present work is aimed at development of an appropriate microbial technology for protection of larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii from disease and to increase survival rate in hatcheries. Application of immunostimulants to activate the immune system of cultured animals against pathogen is the widely accepted alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. The most important immunostimulant is glucan. Therefore a research programme entitled as extraction of glucan from Acremonium diospyri and its application in macrobrachium rosenbergii larval rearing system along with bacterians as microspheres. The main objectives of the study are development of aquaculture grade glucan from acremonium diospyri, microencapsulated drug delivery system for the larvae of M. rosenbergii and microencapsulated glucan with bacterian preparation for the enhanced production of M. rosenbergii in larval rearing system. Based on the results of field trials microencapsulated glucan with bacterin preparation, it is concluded that the microencapsulated preparation at a concentration of 25g per million larvae once in seven days will enhance the production and quality seed of M. rosenbergii.