Produção de nanopartículas contendo peptídeos bioativos de microalgas

A produção de peptídeos bioativos de distintas fontes de proteínas vem ganhando espaço na produção científica e tecnológica, despertando interesse do setor empresarial. Paralelamente a isso, devido à elevada concentração de proteínas na biomassa das microalgas Spirulina e Chlorella, estas apresentam grande potencial para a extração de biocompostos com alto valor agregado, como biopeptídeos de microalgas. As proteínas são uma importante fonte de peptídeos bioativos, mas estes não estão ativos na proteína precursora e devem ser liberados para que apresentem efeitos fisiológicos desejados. Essa liberação pode ser feita através de hidrólise enzimática a partir de proteases, sendo um dos métodos mais utilizados para a produção destes biocompostos. Dentro deste contexto, vários estudos vêm mostrando o uso da tecnologia por secagem em spray dryer para a obtenção de nanopartículas que contenham compostos bioativos, sendo, essa técnica, amplamente utilizada para transformar líquidos em pós, podendo ser aplicada em materiais sensíveis à temperatura. Este estudo teve como objetivo obter peptídeos bioativos através da reação enzimática, tendo como substrato a biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 e Chlorella pyrenoidosa e, na sequência, obter nanopartículas contendo os biopeptídeos. Primeiramente, foram testadas as 3 proteases comerciais (Protemax 580 L, Protemax N 200 e pepsina) para a produção de hidrolisados proteicos de microalgas, para isso foram realizados 3 delineamentos compostos centrais para cada microalga em estudo (Chlorella e Spirulina). Os delineamentos utilizados foram do tipo 23 com três repetições no ponto central, variando-se a concentração de enzima (5 a 10 U.mL-1), a concentração de substrato (5 a 10 %) e o tempo de reação (60 a 240 min). Após, realizou-se 2 delineamentos compostos rotacionais do tipo 22 com pontos centrais, um para cada microalga, utilizando-se para a hidrólise a enzima Protemax 580L (5 U.mL-1) variando-se a concentração de substrato e tempo de reação, para todos ensaios estudou-se a solubilidade, capacidade de retenção de água, atividade antioxidante e digestibilidade. Foi selecionado um ensaio para cada microalga, levando em conta os melhores resultados. Então nova hidrólise enzimática foi realizada sendo o sistema reacional composto pela enzima Protemax 580 L (5 U.mL-1) e pela biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 ou Chlorella pyrenoidosa (4% de proteína) durante tempo de 200 min. Os hidrolisados foram purificados por filtração a vácuo com membranas millipores de diferentes tamanhos (0,45; 0,2 e 0,1 µm) e por colunas com membrana vertical Amicon® Ultra 0.5 (3K e 10K), sendo que após cada etapa, foi realizado teste de atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de poder redutor, DPPH e ABTS, a fim de verificar a permanência da atividade antioxidante. Utilizou-se nano spray dryer Büchi modelo B 90 para a secagem das amostras, sendo o tamanho das partículas obtidas analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Por fim, conclui-se que a biomassa de microalgas pode ser utilizada como fonte de produção de peptídeos bioativos com elevada atividade antioxidante e que dentre as microalgas estudadas, Spirulina sp. LEB 18 apresentou melhores resultados, em todas as análises realizadas, quando comparada com Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Esse estudo, também visou utilizar a nanobiotecnologia para obtenção de nanoparículas contendo os biopeptídeos, para tal, utilizou-se o nano Buchi Spray Dryer B-90, o qual gerou partículas nanométricas de 14 a 18 nm para o hidrolisado de Spirulina e de 72 a 108 nm para o hidrolisado de Chlorella.

Implementation and Validation of a Self-Consumption Maximization Energy Management Strategy in a Vanadium Redox Flow BIPV Demonstrator

This paper presents the results of the implementation of a self-consumption maximization strategy tested in a real-scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) (5 kW, 60 kWh) and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) demonstrator (6.74 kWp). The tested energy management strategy aims to maximize the consumption of energy generated by a BIPV system through the usage of a battery. Whenever possible, the residual load is either stored in the battery to be used later or is supplied by the energy stored previously. The strategy was tested over seven days in a real-scale VRF battery to assess the validity of this battery to implement BIPV-focused energy management strategies. The results show that it was possible to obtain a self-consumption ratio of 100.0%, and that 75.6% of the energy consumed was provided by PV power. The VRFB was able to perform the strategy, although it was noticed that the available power (either to charge or discharge) varied with the state of charge.

Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10(18) eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and Statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one Surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10(18) eV We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular. the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E-gamma with index gamma = 3 3 below the ankle which is measured at log(10)(E-ankle/eV) = 18 6 Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2 6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log(10)(E/eV) = 19 5, detected with high statistical significance (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved

Degradação do PMMA através da reação despolimerização uitlizando catalisadores de óxidos mistos

In this work, mixed oxides were synthesized by two methods: polymeric precursor and gel-combustion. The oxides, Niquelate of Lanthanum, Cobaltate of Lanthanum and Cuprate of Lanthanum were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method, and treated at 300 º C for 2 hours, calcined at 800 º C for 6h in air atmosphere. In gel-combustion method were produced and oxides using urea and citric acid as fuel, forming for each fuel the following oxides Ferrate of Lanthanum, Cobaltato of Lanthanum and Ferrato of Cobalt and Lanthanum, which were submitted to the combustion process assisted by microwave power maximum of 10min. The samples were characterized by: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction; fisisorção of N2 (BET method) and scanning electron microscopy. The reactions catalytic of depolymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate), were performed in a reactor of silica, with catalytic and heating system equipped with a data acquisition system and the gas chromatograph. For the catalysts synthesized using the polymeric precursor method, the cuprate of lanthanum was best for the depolymerization of the recycled polymer, obtaining 100% conversion in less time 554 (min), and the pure polymer, was the Niquelate of Lanthanum, with 100% conversion in less time 314 (min). By gel-combustion method using urea as fuel which was the best result obtained Ferrate of Lanthanum for the pure polymer with 100% conversion in less time 657 (min), and the recycled polymer was Cobaltate of Lanthanum with 100 % conversion in less time 779 (min). And using citric acid to obtain the best result for the pure polymer, was Ferrate of Lanthanum with 100% conversion in less time 821 (min and) for the recycled polymer, was Ferrate of Lanthanum with 98.28% conversion in less time 635 (min)

Transition into adulthood : the impact of the great recession in schooling and financial choices of young adults

Mestrado em Finanças

Análise da descarga sólida em suspensão na Bacia do Riacho Fundo, Brasília - DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2015.

A rede de marcação e recaptura: o caso de borboletas do gênero heliconius

(The Mark and Recapture Network: a Heliconius case study). The current pace of habitat destruction, especially in tropical landscapes, has increased the need for understanding minimum patch requirements and patch distance as tools for conserving species in forest remnants. Mark recapture and tagging studies have been instrumental in providing parameters for functional models. Because of their popularity, ease of manipulation and well known biology, butterflies have become model in studies of spatial structure. Yet, most studies on butterflies movement have focused on temperate species that live in open habitats, in which forest patches are barrier to movement. This study aimed to view and review data from mark-recapture as a network in two species of butterfly (Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene). A work of marking and recapture of the species was carried out in an Atlantic forest reserve located about 20km from the city of Natal (RN). Mark recapture studies were conducted in 3 weekly visits during January-February and July-August in 2007 and 2008. Captures were more common in two sections of the dirt road, with minimal collection in the forest trail. The spatial spread of captures was similar in the two species. Yet, distances between recaptures seem to be greater for Heliconius erato than for Heliconius melpomene. In addition, the erato network is more disconnected, suggesting that this specie has shorter traveling patches. Moving on to the network, both species have similar number of links (N) and unweighed vertices (L). However, melpomene has a weighed network 50% more connections than erato. These network metrics suggest that erato has more compartmentalized network and restricted movement than melpomene. Thus, erato has a larger number of disconnected components, nC, in the network, and a smaller network diameter. The frequency distribution of network connectivity for both species was better explained by a Power-law than by a random, Poissom distribution, showing that the Power-law provides a better fit than the Poisson for both species. Moreover, the Powerlaw erato is much better adjusted than in melpomene, which should be linked to the small movements that erato makes in the network

Effects of clouds on the surface shortwave radiation at a rural inland mid-latitude site

Seven years (2003–2010) of measured shortwave (SW) irradiances were used to obtain estimates of the 10 min averaged effective cloud optical thickness (ECOT) and of the shortwave cloud radiative effect (CRESW) at the surface in a mid-latitude site (Évora — south of Portugal), and its seasonal variability is presented. The ECOT, obtained using transmittance measurements at 415 nm, was compared with the correspondent MODIS cloud optical thickness (MODIS COT) for non-precipitating water clouds and cloud fractions higher than 0.25. This comparison showed that the ECOT represents well the cloud optical thickness over the study area. The CRESW, determined for two SW broadband ranges (300–1100 nm; 285–2800 nm), was normalized (NCRESW) and related with the obtained ECOT. A logarithmic relation between NCRESW and ECOT was found for both SW ranges, presenting lower dispersion for overcast-sky situations than for partially cloudy-sky situations. The NCRESW efficiency (NCRESW per unit of ECOT) was also related with the ECOT for overcast-sky conditions. The relation found is parameterized by a power law function showing that NCRESW efficiency decreases as the ECOT increases, approaching one for ECOT values higher than about 50.

El Estado y la organización social en la producción y distribución del café en los Andes venezolanos

ResumenLa penetración del Estado venezolano en la producción y comercialización del café entre 1974 y 1991 no logró desplazar el control social y económico a los grupos tradicionales de poder en la región de los Andes; estos se organizaron en nuevos núcleos de poder junto con los burócratas de las instituciones cafetaleras, demostrando la persistencia de elementos económicos en la organización social andina.AbstractThe involvement of Venezuelan State in production and marketing of coffee from 1974 to 1991 did not put an end to social and economic control by traditional power groups in the Andean region. Such groups organized into new power nuclei together with bureaucrats from coffee sector institutions, thus demonstrating the persistence of non-economic components of Andean social organization.

Metrological characterization of sensors and instrumentation for distribution grid monitoring and electrical asset diagnostics

The Smart Grid needs a large amount of information to be operated and day by day new information is required to improve the operation performance. It is also fundamental that the available information is reliable and accurate. Therefore, the role of metrology is crucial, especially if applied to the distribution grid monitoring and the electrical assets diagnostics. This dissertation aims at better understanding the sensors and the instrumentation employed by the power system operators in the above-mentioned applications and studying new solutions. Concerning the research on the measurement applied to the electrical asset diagnostics: an innovative drone-based measurement system is proposed for monitoring medium voltage surge arresters. This system is described, and its metrological characterization is presented. On the other hand, the research regarding the measurements applied to the grid monitoring consists of three parts. The first part concerns the metrological characterization of the electronic energy meters’ operation under off-nominal power conditions. Original test procedures have been designed for both frequency and harmonic distortion as influence quantities, aiming at defining realistic scenarios. The second part deals with medium voltage inductive current transformers. An in-depth investigation on their accuracy behavior in presence of harmonic distortion is carried out by applying realistic current waveforms. The accuracy has been evaluated by means of the composite error index and its approximated version. Based on the same test setup, a closed-form expression for the measured current total harmonic distortion uncertainty estimation has been experimentally validated. The metrological characterization of a virtual phasor measurement unit is the subject of the third and last part: first, a calibrator has been designed and the uncertainty associated with its steady-state reference phasor has been evaluated; then this calibrator acted as a reference, and it has been used to characterize the phasor measurement unit implemented within a real-time simulator.

Decompositions of powers of quadratic forms

We analyze the Waring decompositions of the powers of any quadratic form over the field of complex numbers. Our main objective is to provide detailed information about their rank and border rank. These forms are of significant importance because of the classical decomposition expressing the space of polynomials of a fixed degree as a direct sum of the spaces of harmonic polynomials multiplied by a power of the quadratic form. Using the fact that the spaces of harmonic polynomials are irreducible representations of the special orthogonal group over the field of complex numbers, we show that the apolar ideal of the s-th power of a non-degenerate quadratic form in n variables is generated by the set of harmonic polynomials of degree s+1. We also generalize and improve upon some of the results about real decompositions, provided by B. Reznick in his notes from 1992, focusing on possibly minimal decompositions and providing new ones, both real and complex. We investigate the rank of the second power of a non-degenerate quadratic form in n variables, which is equal to (n^2+n+2)/2 in most cases. We also study the border rank of any power of an arbitrary ternary non-degenerate quadratic form, which we determine explicitly using techniques of apolarity and a specific subscheme contained in its apolar ideal. Based on results about smoothability, we prove that the smoothable rank of the s-th power of such form corresponds exactly to its border rank and to the rank of its middle catalecticant matrix, which is equal to (s+1)(s+2)/2.

Incompressible limit and well-posedness of PDE models of tissue growth

Both compressible and incompressible porous medium models are used in the literature to describe the mechanical aspects of living tissues. Using a stiff pressure law, it is possible to build a link between these two different representations. In the incompressible limit, compressible models generate free boundary problems where saturation holds in the moving domain. Our work aims at investigating the stiff pressure limit of reaction-advection-porous medium equations motivated by tumor development. Our first study concerns the analysis and numerical simulation of a model including the effect of nutrients. A coupled system of equations describes the cell density and the nutrient concentration and the derivation of the pressure equation in the stiff limit was an open problem for which the strong compactness of the pressure gradient is needed. To establish it, we use two new ideas: an L3-version of the celebrated Aronson-Bénilan estimate, and a sharp uniform L4-bound on the pressure gradient. We further investigate the sharpness of this bound through a finite difference upwind scheme, which we prove to be stable and asymptotic preserving. Our second study is centered around porous medium equations including convective effects. We are able to extend the techniques developed for the nutrient case, hence finding the complementarity relation on the limit pressure. Moreover, we provide an estimate of the convergence rate at the incompressible limit. Finally, we study a multi-species system. In particular, we account for phenotypic heterogeneity, including a structured variable into the problem. In this case, a cross-(degenerate)-diffusion system describes the evolution of the phenotypic distributions. Adapting methods recently developed in the context of two-species systems, we prove existence of weak solutions and we pass to the incompressible limit. Furthermore, we prove new regularity results on the total pressure, which is related to the total density by a power law of state.

Addressing challenges in heterogeneous embedded systems programming: security and performance

Embedded systems are increasingly integral to daily life, improving and facilitating the efficiency of modern Cyber-Physical Systems which provide access to sensor data, and actuators. As modern architectures become increasingly complex and heterogeneous, their optimization becomes a challenging task. Additionally, ensuring platform security is important to avoid harm to individuals and assets. This study primarily addresses challenges in contemporary Embedded Systems, focusing on platform optimization and security enforcement. The initial section of this study delves into the application of machine learning methods to efficiently determine the optimal number of cores for a parallel RISC-V cluster to minimize energy consumption using static source code analysis. Results demonstrate that automated platform configuration is not only viable but also that there is a moderate performance trade-off when relying solely on static features. The second part focuses on addressing the problem of heterogeneous device mapping, which involves assigning tasks to the most suitable computational device in a heterogeneous platform for optimal runtime. The contribution of this section lies in the introduction of novel pre-processing techniques, along with a training framework called Siamese Networks, that enhances the classification performance of DeepLLVM, an advanced approach for task mapping. Importantly, these proposed approaches are independent from the specific deep-learning model used. Finally, this research work focuses on addressing issues concerning the binary exploitation of software running in modern Embedded Systems. It proposes an architecture to implement Control-Flow Integrity in embedded platforms with a Root-of-Trust, aiming to enhance security guarantees with limited hardware modifications. The approach involves enhancing the architecture of a modern RISC-V platform for autonomous vehicles by implementing a side-channel communication mechanism that relays control-flow changes executed by the process running on the host core to the Root-of-Trust. This approach has limited impact on performance and it is effective in enhancing the security of embedded platforms.

Trajectory Planning in UAV-Aided Wireless Networks Via Reinforcement Learning

This thesis is focused on the design of a flexible, dynamic and innovative telecommunication's system for future 6G applications on vehicular communications. The system is based on the development of drones acting as mobile base stations in an urban scenario to cope with the increasing traffic demand and avoid network's congestion conditions. In particular, the exploitation of Reinforcement Learning algorithms is used to let the drone learn autonomously how to behave in a scenario full of obstacles with the goal of tracking and serve the maximum number of moving vehicles, by at the same time, minimizing the energy consumed to perform its tasks. This project is an extraordinary opportunity to open the doors to a new way of applying and develop telecommunications in an urban scenario by mixing it to the rising world of the Artificial Intelligence.

Use of calculus of variations to determine the shape of hovering rotors of minimum power and its application to micro air vehicles

In this paper, calculus of variations and combined blade element and momentum theory (BEMT) are used to demonstrate that, in hover, when neither root nor tip losses are considered; the rotor, which minimizes the total power (MPR), generates an induced velocity that varies linearly along the blade span. The angle of attack of every blade element is constant and equal to its optimum value. The traditional ideal twist (ITR) and optimum (OR) rotors are revisited in the context of this variational framework. Two more optimum rotors are obtained considering root and tip losses, the ORL, and the MPRL. A comparison between these five rotors is presented and discussed. The MPR and MPRL present a remarkable saving of power for low values of both thrust coefficient and maximum aerodynamic efficiency. The result obtained can be exploited to improve the aerodynamic behaviour of rotary wing micro air vehicles (MAV). A comparison with experimental results obtained from the literature is presented.