Manual de pràctiques de física (accés restringit)

Amb aquest manual tractarem d’abordar tant el fonament teòric de les pràctiques que actualment és fan al laboratori de física com la seua resolució numèrica. A tal fi hem decidit aprofitar els avantatges que ens ofereixen les noves tecnologies i presentar una mena de llibre interactiu. A banda del text, indispensable per a l’enteniment i l’aprenentatge dels conceptes bàsics que es mostren a les pràctiques, pretenem, en primer lloc, incorporar al text fotografies descriptives amb detalls dels muntatges i dels instruments de mesura. Amb aquestes fotografies l’alumne és podrà fer una idea clara del material disponible i d’allò que és pretén mesurar. També s’hi afegirà una plantilla de mesures i resultats, que permetrà a l’alumne estructurar adequadament les dades experimentals i els resultats obtinguts. Creiem que pot ser de gran utilitat a l’alumne no solament per al treball diari al laboratori de física sinó també per a estudiar a casa.

Manual de pràctiques de Física

Amb aquest manual tractarem d’abordar tant el fonament teòric de les pràctiques que actualment és fan al laboratori de física com la seua resolució numèrica. A tal fi hem decidit aprofitar els avantatges que ens ofereixen les noves tecnologies i presentar una mena de llibre interactiu. A banda del text, indispensable per a l’enteniment i l’aprenentatge dels conceptes bàsics que es mostren a les pràctiques, pretenem, en primer lloc, incorporar al text fotografies descriptives amb detalls dels muntatges i dels instruments de mesura. Amb aquestes fotografies l’alumne és podrà fer una idea clara del material disponible i d’allò que és pretén mesurar. També s’hi afegirà una plantilla de mesures i resultats, que permetrà a l’alumne estructurar adequadament les dades experimentals i els resultats obtinguts. Creiem que pot ser de gran utilitat a l’alumne no solament per al treball diari al laboratori de física sinó també per a estudiar a casa.

Role of the denitrifying Haloarchaea in the treatment of nitrite-brines

Haloferax mediterranei is a denitrifying halophilic archaeon able to reduce nitrate and nitrite under oxic and anoxic conditions. In the presence of oxygen, nitrate and nitrite are used as nitrogen sources for growth. Under oxygen scarcity,this haloarchaeon uses both ions as electron acceptors via a denitrification pathway. In the present work, the maximal nitriteconcentration tolerated by this organism was determined by studying the growth of H. mediterranei in minimal medium containing30, 40 and 50 mM nitrite as sole nitrogen source and under initial oxic conditions at 42 °C. The results showed theability of H. mediterranei to withstand nitrite concentrations up to 50 mM. At the beginning of the incubation, nitrate wasdetected in the medium, probably due to the spontaneous oxidation of nitrite under the initial oxic conditions. The completeremoval of nitrite and nitrate was accomplished in most of the tested conditions, except in culture medium containing 50 mMnitrite, suggesting that this concentration compromised the denitrification capacity of the cells. Nitrite and nitrate reductases activities were analyzed at different growth stages of H. mediterranei. In all cases, the activities of the respiratory enzymeswere higher than their assimilative counterparts; this was especially the case for NirK. The denitrifying and possibly detoxifyingrole of this enzyme might explain the high nitrite tolerance of H. mediterranei. This archaeon was also able to remove60 % of the nitrate and 75 % of the nitrite initially present in brine samples collected from a wastewater treatment facility.These results suggest that H. mediterranei, and probably other halophilic denitrifying Archaea, are suitable candidates for thebioremediation of brines with high nitrite and nitrate concentrations.

Biodiversity of Archaea and floral of two inland saltern ecosystems in the Alto Vinalopó Valley, Spain

Background. The extraction of salt from seawater by means of coastal solar salterns is a very well-described process. Moreover, the characterization of these environments from ecological, biochemical and microbiological perspectives has become a key focus for many research groups all over the world over the last 20 years. In countries such as Spain, there are several examples of coastal solar salterns (mainly on the Mediterranean coast) and inland solar salterns, from which sodium chloride is obtained for human consumption. However, studies focused on the characterization of inland solar salterns are scarce and both the archaeal diversity and the plant communities inhabiting these environments remain poorly described. Results. Two of the inland solar salterns (termed Redonda and Penalva), located in the Alto Vinalopó Valley (Alicante, Spain), were characterized regarding their geological and physico-chemical characteristics and their archaeal and botanical biodiversity. A preliminary eukaryotic diversity survey was also performed using saline water. The chemical characterization of the brine has revealed that the salted groundwater extracted to fill these inland solar salterns is thalassohaline. The plant communities living in this environment are dominated by Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moris) K. Koch, Suaeda vera Forsk. ex Gmelin (Amaranthaceae) and several species of Limonium (Mill) and Tamarix (L). Archaeal diversity was analyzed and compared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular phylogenetic techniques. Most of the sequences recovered from environmental DNA samples are affiliated with haloarchaeal genera such as Haloarcula, Halorubrum, Haloquadratum and Halobacterium, and with an unclassified member of the Halobacteriaceae. The eukaryote Dunaliella was also present in the samples. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first analysis centered on inland solar salterns located in the southeastern region of Spain. The results obtained revealed that the salt deposits of this region have marine origins. Plant communities typical of salt marshes are present in this ecosystem and members of the Halobacteriaceae family can be easily detected in the microbial populations of these habitats. Possible origins of the haloarchaea detected in this study are discussed.

Nitrogen metabolism in haloarchaea

The nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), principally supported by prokaryotes, involves different redox reactions mainly focused on assimilatory purposes or respiratory processes for energy conservation. As the N-cycle has important environmental implications, this biogeochemical cycle has become a major research topic during the last few years. However, although N-cycle metabolic pathways have been studied extensively in Bacteria or Eukarya, relatively little is known in the Archaea. Halophilic Archaea are the predominant microorganisms in hot and hypersaline environments such as salted lakes, hot springs or salted ponds. Consequently, the denitrifying haloarchaea that sustain the nitrogen cycle under these conditions have emerged as an important target for research aimed at understanding microbial life in these extreme environments. The haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei was isolated 20 years ago from Santa Pola salted ponds (Alicante, Spain). It was described as a denitrifier and it is also able to grow using NO3-, NO2- or NH4+ as inorganic nitrogen sources. This review summarizes the advances that have been made in understanding the N-cycle in halophilic archaea using Hfx mediterranei as a haloarchaeal model. The results obtained show that this microorganism could be very attractive for bioremediation applications in those areas where high salt, nitrate and nitrite concentrations are found in ground waters and soils.

Cu-NirK from Haloferax mediterranei as an example of metalloprotein maturation and exportation via Tat system

The green Cu-NirK from Haloferax mediterranei (Cu-NirK) has been expressed, refolded and retrieved as a trimeric enzyme using an expression method developed for halophilic Archaea. This method utilizes Haloferax volcanii as a halophilic host and an expression vector with a constitutive and strong promoter. The enzymatic activity of recombinant Cu-NirK was detected in both cellular fractions (cytoplasmic fraction and membranes) and in the culture media. The characterization of the enzyme isolated from the cytoplasmic fraction as well as the culture media revealed important differences in the primary structure of both forms indicating that Hfx. mediterranei could carry out a maturation and exportation process within the cell before the protein is exported to the S-layer. Several conserved signals found in Cu-NirK from Hfx. mediterranei sequence indicate that these processes are closely related to the Tat system. Furthermore, the N-terminal sequence of the two Cu-NirK subunits constituting different isoforms revealed that translation of this protein could begin at two different points, identifying two possible start codons. The hypothesis proposed in this work for halophilic Cu-NirK processing and exportation via the Tat system represents the first approximation of this mechanism in the Halobacteriaceae family and in Prokarya in general.

Epistemological Considerations on Systemic Paradigm

This brief study makes some reflections on the systemic paradigm and the claim that Reality is a system advocated by some thinkers. We argue that the General Systems Theory is an abstract theory relating to formal reasons that correspond to real systems scientifically established, and its development can facilitate the task mentioned, which is characteristic of ordinary scientific work.

Mecanismos de coordinación docente en la Facultad de Derecho

El trabajo de esta Red docente ha consistido en recopilar y proponer nuevos mecanismos de coordinación docente aplicables a las cuatro titulaciones de Grado de la Facultad de Derecho. Los resultados de los Informes de Seguimiento de cada titulación de la Facultad, muestran la necesidad de establecer instrumentos de coordinación del profesorado de cada titulación para unificar y armonizar criterios en lo relativo al volumen total del trabajo exigido al estudiante, la distribución temporal adecuada del mismo y el trabajo colectivo de todos los profesores para conseguir los objetivos plasmados en la Memoria Verificada por ANECA para cada título. El objetivo de esta Red ha sido recopilar los mecanismos de coordinación ya existentes y proponer otros nuevos que puedan plantearse en las correspondientes Comisiones de titulación y aplicarse en cursos sucesivos en nuestra Facultad.

Walking Through Cantor's Paradise and Escher's Garden: Epistemological Reflections on the Mathematical Infinite (II)

Infinity is not an easy concept. A number of difficulties that people cope with when dealing with problems related to infinity include its abstract nature, understanding infinity as an ongoing, never ending process, understanding infinity as a set of an infinite number of elements and appreciating well-known paradoxes. Infinity can be understood in several ways with often incompatible meanings, and can involve value judgments or assumptions that are neither explicit nor desired. To usher in its definition, we distinguish several aspects, teleological, artistic (Escher); some definitive, some potential, and others actual. This article also deals with some still unresolved aspects of the concept of infinity.

Transcriptional profiles of Haloferax mediterranei based on nitrogen availability

The haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei is able to grow in the presence of different inorganic and organic nitrogen sources by means of the assimilatory pathway under aerobic conditions. In order to identify genes of potential importance in nitrogen metabolism and its regulation in the halophilic microorganism, we have analysed its global gene expression in three culture media with different nitrogen sources: (a) cells were grown stationary and exponentially in ammonium, (b) cells were grown exponentially in nitrate, and (c) cells were shifted to nitrogen starvation conditions. The main differences in the transcriptional profiles have been identified between the cultures with ammonium as nitrogen source and the cultures with nitrate or nitrogen starvation, supporting previous results which indicate the absence of ammonium as the factor responsible for the expression of genes involved in nitrate assimilation pathway. The results have also permitted the identification of transcriptional regulators and changes in metabolic pathways related to the catabolism and anabolism of amino acids or nucleotides. The microarray data was validated by real-time quantitative PCR on 4 selected genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. This work represents the first transcriptional profiles study related to nitrogen assimilation metabolism in extreme halophilic microorganisms using microarray technology.

Situación del arruí — Ammotragus lervia (Pallas, 1777)— en la sierra de Mariola (SE español): Distribución y aspectos ecológicos

El principal objetivo de esta investigación es conocer aspectos ecológicos y distribución del arruí — Ammotragus lervia (Pallas, 1777)— dentro de la sierra de Mariola. El área de estudio es un parque natural de 17.500 hectáreas situado en el sur de la Comunidad Valenciana. Un mejor conocimiento de su distribución será de interés para la definición de medidas de gestión de fauna del parque. En 2009, utilizando técnicas de fototrampeo, se recopilaron 29.941 imágenes con algún contacto animal. De estas imágenes, el 0,09% de las fotografías registradas son de arruí y se ha detectado su presencia en 7 de las 63 cuadrículas (2 × 2 km) del Parque Natural de la Sierra de Mariola (el 11,11%). El periodo de muestreo se prolongó desde agosto de 2008 hasta mayo de 2010. Este estudio ha permitido integrar la información recopilada en campo con las bases de datos existentes para confirmar la colonización y la expansión del arruí en la sierra de Mariola.

Tipologías arquitectónicas y arquitectos de la ciudad de Albacete en el primer tercio del siglo XX

El período que se abarca se extiende, cronológicamente, a lo largo del primer tercio del siglo XX (1898-1936) y el espacio objeto de estudio se circunscribe a la ciudad de Albacete. El discurso se articula en dos partes: la primera se ocupa de la arquitectura, clasificada por sus tipologías (religiosa, funeraria, asistencial, educativa, institucional, penitenciaria y militar, del ocio, del negocio y residencial), y la segunda se centra en las características de los principales arquitectos que intervinieron en esta época en la ciudad (Julio Carrilero Prat, Ramón Casas Massó, Francisco Fernández Molina, Buenaventura Ferrando Castells, Francisco Manuel Martínez Villena, Agustín Morcillo López, Manuel Muñoz Casayús, Miguel Ortiz e Iribas y Daniel Rubio Sánchez).

La crisis de la Europa social: límites y restricciones a la libre circulación de personas en la Unión Europea

El derecho a la libre circulación y residencia han sido la clave de bóveda del proceso de integración europea, primero en la consecución del mercado interior y, desde su inclusión en el estatuto de ciudadanía europea, para el reconocimiento de un status jurídico común a todos los nacionales de los Estados miembros. Originariamente, las libertades comunitarias se concibieron sólo para los que ejercieran una actividad profesional, asalariada o no, en el territorio de la Comunidad. Esta postura se fue flexibilizando, ampliándose la libertad de circulación a ciudadanos que no ejercían actividades profesionales en el territorio de otro Estado miembro (estudiantes, jubilados, residentes y ciertos familiares). El desarrollo del proceso de integración europea, junto con la adopción de diversos actos jurídicos de Derecho derivado y la labor del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE), ha favorecido una ampliación progresiva del ámbito personal de titularidad del derecho. La libre circulación de personas es una de las libertades básicas del mercado interior, cuyo contenido esencial implica un espacio sin fronteras interiores en el que esta libertad será garantizada conforme a las disposiciones del Tratado. Posteriormente, con la adaptación de la Directiva 2004/38/CE en los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados miembros, se pretendía potenciar la movilidad intracomunitaria y transformar el mercado único en un espacio de libertad de circulación, residencia y trabajo por cuenta propia y ajena para los nacionales de los Estados miembros. Sin embargo, tal y como se pone de manifiesto en el presente trabajo, este derecho no es absoluto, puesto que la Directiva lo somete a condición. De este modo, el beneficiario debe ser económicamente activo en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones o debe disponer de los recursos económicos necesarios para no convertirse en una carga excesiva para el Estado de acogida. Resulta evidente que el contexto de la crisis económica, unido al incremento de la movilidad ha motivado las tendencias restrictivas del derecho de libre circulación y residencia de los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea en el territorio de los Estados miembros.

New York, April 1990: A Photographic Record

Aquestes fotografies de Nova York i de Boston, totes en blanc i negre, es van fer en abril del 1990, amb una cambra rèflex Asahi Pentax Spotmatic II amb objectiu de 50 mm, tot fent servir negatius Kodak Safety Film 5063. El Museu de la Universitat d’Alacant en conserva una col·lecció completa; vuitanta-set còpies fotogràfiques de 32 x 24 cm amb tintes Ultrachrome sobre paper Ilford Gold Fibre Silk de 310 gr/m² realitzades al “Estudio Paco Mora” de València l’any 2015, amb digitalització prèvia a partir dels negatius originals mitjançant un escàner Haselblad Flextight X 1 a una resolució de 3.200 punts per polzada.