Plan estratégico para la comercialización del camarón marino cultivado por las Asociaciones cooperativas productoras Puerto Casona y Sara y Ana, del cantón salinas del potrero, jurisdicción de Jiquilisco, departamento de Usulután.

La Planeación Estratégica es una herramienta administrativa que mediante la formulación de estrategias permite alcanzar los objetivos y misión de la empresa, considerando los factores externos y recursos disponibles. En el diseño de un Plan Estratégico de Comercialización es importante que contenga el análisis de las cuatro variables controlables por las empresas: Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promoción. Las Asociaciones Cooperativas Productoras de Camarón Marino ubicadas en el Cantón Salinas del Potrero Jurisdicción de Jiquilisco departamento de Usulután, actualmente no cuentas con las herramientas necesarias para dar a conocer el producto, razón por la cual el diseño de un Plan Estratégico para la Comercialización del camarón marino sería de gran utilidad para contribuir al desarrollo económico sostenible de las Asociaciones Cooperativas. El planteamiento de los objetivos principales de la investigación son los siguientes: Presentar propuesta de Filosofía empresarial y estructura organizativa para el desarrollo eficiente de la administración. Presentar una mezcla de mercadotecnia que fortalezca las actividades de comercialización a través de estrategias que contribuyan al cumplimiento de los objetivos del Plan de Comercialización. Establecer el método de fijación de precios del Camarón Marino; para determinar el precio adecuado que permita solventar las necesidades económicas que las Asociaciones Cooperativas presentan. Presentar un canal de distribución del Camarón Marino a las Asociaciones Cooperativas del Cantón Salinas del Potrero; para contribuir a la correcta elección de un medio de colocación efectivo, que mejore los ingresos monetarios de los miembros de éstas. Se incluye la metodología de la de investigación utilizada para la recolección de la información, la cual se obtuvo de fuentes primarias a través de entrevistas a miembros de las Asociaciones Cooperativas, guías de pregunta a intermediarios y a miembros de las Asociaciones y observación directa; fuentes secundarias mediante consultas bibliográficas; permitiendo conocer un panorama de la situación actual en la que se encuentran las Asociaciones Cooperativas productoras de camarón marino en lo que a comercialización se refiere, de lo cual se concluyó que los asociados no cuentan con un Plan Estratégico para la Comercialización del Camarón marino. Así mismo no poseen un método para la fijación del precio que permita recuperar la inversión y obtener un margen de utilidad, no cuentan con un canal de distribución del producto que les permita hacer llegar el camarón hasta las manos del consumidor final.

Uso de resíduo e de minerais de pegmatito da região do seridó RN e de argilas portuguesas em formulações de grês porcelanato

In the State Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, the most significant deposits of minerals in the production of granite and pegmatite are Seridó region. Municipalities of Parelhas and Equador are the main responsible for the production of feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. The ceramic industries are always in search of competitiveness by investing in new products or improving existing techniques. The stoneware is a type of pottery that stands in the market because it presents technical and aesthetic characteristics superior to other existing products. Characteristics of the raw materials initially obtained with chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis are crucial in getting a product that satisfies the conditions in a manufacturing process and is, in principle, directly related to the firing cycle. This research aimed at developing new formulations for the mass production of ceramic stoneware. The raw materials initially characterized were feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. As part of the research was developed at the University of Aveiro, in Portugal, we used two clays used in the production of Portuguese ceramics. The raw material Brazilian and Portuguese and the final product, both in Portugal and Brazil, were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, dilatometric analysis, thermal analysis and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The specimens prepared at the University of Aveiro (DECV) were sintered at 10000C and 12000C and the specimens prepared in UFRN were sintered at 10000C, 10500C, 11000C, 11500C, 12000C, 12500C and 13000C, but the best results and demonstrating the presence of the mineral mullite were at temperatures of 12000C, 12500C and 13000C. The results showed that the granite waste used may be considered raw material of excellent quality for use in the ceramic industry and coating floors and more accurately by the industry of stoneware. Physical and mechanical tests conducted on samples of the formulations F01 and F02 developed in UFRN showed a water absorption and mechanical strength suitable for the stoneware

Alimentos enriquecidos com vitaminas e minerais

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Acervo de minerais e rochas: instrumento para o ensino de Geociências.

Litoteca é um acervo de minerais e rochas, o qual pode ser utilizado para diferentes fins. Contudo, no caso apresentado, subsidia o desenvolvimento de atividades de ensino e, posteriormente, de pesquisa e extensão.

Formulação e caracterização de pastas espumadas por incorporação de ar e estabilizantes minerais

Cementing operations may occur at various stages of the life cycle of an oil well since its construction until its definitive abandonment. There are some situations in which the interest zones are depleted or have low fracture pressure. In such cases, the adoption of lowdensity cement slurries is an efficient solution. To this end, there are basically three ways to reduce the density of cement slurries: using microspheres, water extending additives or foamed cement. The objective of this study is to formulate, to study and to characterize lowdensity foamed cement, using an air entrainment surfactant with vermiculite or diatomite as water extenders and stabilizers. The methodology consists on preparation and evaluation of the slurries under the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) guidelines. Based on calculated densities between 13 and 15 ppg (1.559 and 1.799 g/cm3), the slurries were prepared with fixed surfactant concentration, varying the concentrations of vermiculite and diatomite and were compared with the base slurries. The results of plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength and the compressive strength for 24 h showed that the slurries presented suitable rheology and mechanical strength for cementing operations in oil wells, and had their densities reduced between 8.40 and 11.89 ppg (1.007 and 1.426 g/cm3). The conclusion is that is possible, under atmospheric conditions, to obtain light weighted foamed cement slurries with satisfactory rheological and mechanical properties by means of air entrainment and mineral additions with extenders and stabilizers effects. The slurries have great potential for cementing operations; applicability in deep wells, in low fracture gradient formations and in depleted zones and bring cost savings by reducing the cementing consumption

Farinha de resíduos da indústria de filetagem de tilápias como fonte de proteína e minerais para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a utilização da farinha de resíduos da indústria de filetagem de tilápias (FR) como fonte de proteína e de minerais em rações práticas na alimentação de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 120 alevinos de tilápias do Nilo com peso e comprimento iniciais de 0,58 ± 0,05 g e 3,49 ± 0,09 cm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 24 aquários com capacidade para 30 L, em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os peixes foram alimentados com rações contendo 30% de proteína digestível e 3.000 kcal de energia digestível/kg, de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: CO - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja, sem suplementação de fósforo; FB - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja, com fosfato bicálcico; FB + FR - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja, suplementada com fosfato bicálcico (50%) e farinha de resíduos (50%); FT - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja, suplementada com farinha de resíduos. Ao final do experimento, os melhores resultados de desempenho foram observados nos animais que receberam suplementação de P. Quanto às características de carcaça, os animais que receberam a ração CO apresentaram maior teor de gordura corporal e menores teores de cinzas, Ca e P. A FR pode ser utilizada em rações para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo como fonte de P, sem prejuízos no desempenho e na composição corporal.

Determinação da composição nutricional e sais minerais de frutos de juçara (Euterpe Edulis) coletados na região de Curitiba, PR.

2015

Efeito da adição de cargas minerais leves na resistência mecânica de grautes para cimentação de poços offshore

The preparation of cement slurries for offshore well cementing involves mixing all solid components to be added to the mixing water on the platform. The aim of this work was to study the formulation of pre-prepared dry mixtures, or grouts, for offshore oilwell cementing. The addition of mineral fillers in the strength of lightweight grouts applied for depths down to 400 m under water depths of 500 m was investigated. Lightweight materials and fine aggregates were selected. For the choice of starting materials, a study of the pozzolanic activity of low-cost fillers such as porcelain tile residue, microsilica and diatomaceous earth was carried out by X-ray diffraction and mechanical strength tests. Hardened grouts containing porcelain tile residue and microsilica depicted high strength at early ages. Based on such preliminary investigation, a study of the mechanical strength of grouts with density 1.74 g/cm3 (14.5 lb/gal) cured initially at 27 °C was performed using cement, microsilica, porcelain tile residue and an anti-foaming agent. The results showed that the mixture containing 7% of porcelain tile residue and 7% of microsilica was the one with the highest compressive strength after curing for 24 hours. This composition was chosen to be studied and adapted for offshore conditions based on testes performed at 4 °C. The grout containing cement, 7% of porcelain tile residue, 7% of active silica and admixtures (CaCl2), anti-foaming and dispersant resulted satisfactory rheology and mechanical strength after curing for 24 hours of curing

Influência do genótipo cebola (Allium cepa L.) sobre a concentração de minerais.

2015

La narrativa de Sara Insúa

No resulta en absoluto desconocido que en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, precisamente desde 1900 hasta 1939, en España se inicia una época caracterizada por el florecimiento cultural y artístico en la que la mujer se incorpora al ámbito laboral y empieza a adquirir ciertos derechos de los que hasta entonces no gozaba. Tales cambios la llevan a desempeñar un papel eficaz en el ámbito político, cultural y social, superando los impedimentos convencionales que la mantienen al margen de la sociedad, dedicada exclusivamente al entorno familiar y el sagrado deber conyugal y maternal. A partir de 1914, debido a la incorporación femenina al campo laboral, el asociacionismo y las reivindicaciones vinculadas a la emancipación, empieza un momento de gran esplendor y toda la sociedad española experimenta grandes transformaciones. No es de extrañar, pues que la nueva España brinde una oportunidad a la mujer para acceder al ámbito literario, tras estar sometida al rechazo e intolerancia con que el siglo anterior vincula la relación femenina con la pluma, permitiéndole por fin, ejercer la actividad intelectual, aunque con ciertas limitaciones, debido a que la sociedad estaba aún influenciada por los cánones decimonónicos. En este contexto, he de señalar que la participación femenina en el mundo de la literatura fue muy relevante, aunque muchas de las autoras que empezaron su trayectoria en aquel periodo han sido relegadas al olvido. Una de estas escritoras es Sara Álvarez Insúa Escobar a la que elegí como tema de esta tesis doctoral con el fin de poner al descubierto su obra junto a su prolífica labor literaria en una etapa difícil para el reconocimiento profesional de la mujer. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este trabajo tiene como fin contribuir a la recuperación actual de su prestigio literario. Durante la fase de investigación, descubrí que Sara Insúa se encuentra entre las destacadas escritoras de la época de la "Edad de Plata" que dejan su impronta en la literatura escrita por mujeres en aquel momento y también noté que su obra sufre una gran desatención por parte de la crítica. Por ello, como primera fase de elaboración de ese estudio, tuve que recuperar y reconstruir una gran parte de sus datos biográficos...

Museus & Pessoas: Sara Barriga Brighenti

Os públicos estão em primeiro lugar, diz Sara Barriga Brighenti, coordenadora do recém-inaugurado Museu do Dinheiro (Lisboa). Esta afirmação pode parecer óbvia, mas nem sempre a conseguimos ver concretizada na maioria dos museus. Em visita guiada ao Museu do Dinheiro, Brighenti falou-nos dos desafios de programar um museu tendo em mente a perspectiva do visitante.

Developing capabilities for ongoing learning and change in intermediary programs

In dynamic environments, firms seek to build capabilities which will permit them to become innovation and change ready. Programs offered by intermediaries, while varying greatly in content and format, are designed to support those firms wishing to enhance their competitiveness. Firms which participate in intermediary programs have displayed their willingness to overcome deficiencies or barriers to competitiveness through acquiring knowledge which is external to the firm. This paper reports on interviews with 24 firms who were involved in a MAP or TAP program offered by QMI Solutions. The findings of the research suggest that knowledge intermediaries serve to disrupt organisational paths and in so doing establish mechanisms for ongoing learning and change. They do this first by disrupting the firm with a positive learning experience and also by establishing processes for developing new relationships and access to knowledge which are critical for learning and change. It is the experience of learning through knowledge exchange which can trigger the pursuit of new paths and it is the processes involving new relations and knowledge processing that provides the micro-foundations for ongoing learning and change. This suggests that the role of intermediaries goes well beyond merely knowledge transfer to include longer term effects on the capability of organisations to innovate, which is critical to economic competitiveness and the survival rate of firms.

Synthesis and Raman spectroscopic study of Mg/Al,Fe hydrotalcites with variable cationic ratios

Hydrotalcites of formula Mg6 (Fe,Al)2(OH)16(CO3).4H2O formed by intercalation with the carbonate anion as a function of divalent/trivalent cationic ratio have been successfully synthesised. The XRD patterns show variation in the d-spacing attributed to the size of the cation. Raman and infrared bands in the OH stretching region are assigned to (a) brucite layer OH stretching vibrations (b) water stretching bands and (c) water strongly hydrogen bonded to the carbonate anion. Multiple (CO3)2- symmetric stretching bands suggest that different types of (CO3)2- exist in the hydrotalcite interlayer. Increasing the cation ratio (Mg/Al,Fe) resulted in an increase in the combined intensity of the 2 Raman bands at around 3600 cm-1, attributed to Mg-OH stretching modes, and a shift of the overall band profile to higher wavenumbers. These observations are believed to be a result of the increase in magnesium in the structure. Raman spectroscopy shows a reduction in the symmetry of the carbonate, leading to the conclusion that the anions are bonded to the brucite-like hydroxyl surface and to the water in the interlayer. Water bending modes are identified in the infrared spectra at positions greater than 1630 cm-1, indicating the water is strongly hydrogen bonded to both the interlayer anions and the brucite-like surface.