Recensao de: I. K. Healy, Social Work Practices: Contemporary Perspectives on Change, London, Sage, 2000.

Revista Lusófona de Ciências Sociais

Um tabuleiro de duas faces: o lúdico e o aleatório na ficção científica de Philip K. Dick

Embora apenas quatro títulos da obra de Philip K. Dick abordem o tema do acaso – Solar Lottery (escrito em 1954), The Man in the High Castle (1961), The Game Players of Titan (1963) e A Maze of Death (1968) –, este surge contudo associado, e de forma bastante coerente, a outros, como a oposição humano/inumano ou a dialéctica entre a percepção e a realidade, que são mais comummente referidos como dominantes no autor. A estratégia seguida neste artigo consiste, após uma sumária passagem pelas novelas acima referidas, na demonstração de como uma aparente dualidade no tratamento do acaso pode ser resolvida a partir do momento em que se assume uma perspectiva mais alargada do universo temático de Philip K. Dick.

Ampicilina K em dose única, por via oral, no tratamento da gonorréia

Foram tratados 70 pacientes do sexo masculino portadores de uretrite gonocócica aguda com 3,0 g de Ampicilina K por via oral, em dose única. Em 87,1% dos casos houve desaparecimento da secreção uretral; na grande maioria dos casos entre 24 e 72 horas. Considerados mais 3 casos em que houve persistência da secreção pós tratamento, mas com ausência de gonococos aos exames bacteriológicos (cura bacteriológica) o sucesso terapêutico pode ser elevado para 91,4%.

Biologia de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia: I. Fluctuación de la población larval y características de sus criaderos

En Charambirá, localidad del município de Istmina (Chocó) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia, donde existe un problema de malaria endémica, se estudió la fluctuación de la población larval y las características de los criaderos de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai, especie considerada como posible vectora de malaria en esa región del país. La vegetación circundante fue dividida en tres estratos de acuerdo al grado de cobertura foliar. Se demarcaron cuadrantes de 100 m² en cada estrato para el muestreo de plantas epífitas de la família Bromeliaceae, en las cuales se acumula agua que sirve como criadero para esta especie de anofelino. Se tomaron datos de temperatura, pH y volumen del agua contenida en cada bromelia. El mayor número de larvas se detectó en el estrato 1 (manglar) a una altitud inferior a 4 m, pero no se encontró evidencia significativa de estratificación vertical de la población larval de A. neivai hasta los 8 m. Se evidenció una correlación lineal positiva entre el número de larvas y el volumen de agua contenida en cada bromelia; por otra parte se observó también una correlación directa entre la precipitación mensual acumulada y la fluctuación poblacional de esta especie. Los índices larvales mas altos se observaron entre los meses de marzo a abril y de julio a agosto. La mortalidad larval fue alta en el primer estadío (43,5%) y solo un 23,7% sobrevivió hasta el cuarto.

Biologia de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia: II. Fluctuación de la población adulta

En la localidad de Charambirá, situada en el município de Istmina (Chocó) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia, se presenta un problema de malaria endémica asociada con grandes poblaciones de mosquitos Anopheles del subgénero Kerteszia (A. neivai). Estos se crían en las colecciones de agua formadas por plantas epífitas de la família Bromeliaceae, que son muy abundantes en los árboles de mangle. En esa localidad se estudiaron: fluctuación poblacional y algunos aspectos ecológicos y etológicos de los adultos de esa especie de mosquito, con el objetivo de determinar su papel en la transmisión de malaria. Todos los mosquitos fueron colectados por cebos humanos. Los picos máximos de actividad ocurrieron en las horas crepusculares de la mañana y de la tarde (5:30 a 6:30 y 18:00 a 19:00 horas). En el período nocturno la actividad intradomiciliar fue baja y no hubo ninguna durante el día. El estado gonadotrófico de las hembras colectadas durante nos picos de actividad, mostró la existencia de dos poblaciones de mosquitos: una, en su mayoría individuos jóvenes que buscan su alimento en las horas de la tarde y la otra compuesta por individuos mas longevos, que buscan su alimento en la mañana. El estudio de la variación estacional mostró que las poblaciones son bajas en los meses de poca precipitación, pero a medida que aumenta el índice pluviométrico, aumenta el número de mosquitos. Se discute la relación que existe entre la presencia de los mosquitos y la prevalencia de malaria humana; se sugiere que A. neivai puede ser el responsable de la transmisión de malaria en la zona estudiada.

Biologia de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) en la Costa Pacífica de Colombia: III. Medidas de luminosidad y el comportamiento de picadura

El estudio del comportamiento de picadura de mosquitos capturados picando humanos en un área despejada del poblado de Charambirá, Chocó, en la costa Pacífica de Colombia, indico que cambios en la intensidad de la luz, influenciaban el início y el fin de la actividad de vuelo de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai, especie con marcados hábitos crepusculares. Esta especie está considerada como vectora de esa enfermedad, malaria, en la costa pacífica colombiana.

The road to rulership : Henry Tudor, King of England

At the close of the Wars of the Roses, a new dynasty was founded by a man lacking a prince’s education; moreover, his weak claim to the throne of England gave rise to a set of serious problems. These two crucial, interrelated elements are central in Francis Bacon’s biographical account of Henry VII. The literal road leading Richmond from exile to victory in Bosworth Field, in 1485, is eventually transformed into a metaphoric path that prefigures the long, deep process of learning undertaken during his 24-year reign. This fundamental process carried out by the king will be approached mainly through the passages focused on the Lambert Simnell/Perkin Warbeck affairs, the most difficult probelms the monarch had to face in a time and in a kingdom of many uncertainties. The Simnell/Warbeck menaces embodied Henry Tudor’s greatest dilemmas, continually emphasised in Bacon’s work – the essence of legitimacy and the essence of royalty.

Biología de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) en la Costa Pacifica de Colombia: IV - Estructura etárea y transmisión de malaria

Con el fin de determinar la dinamica de transmisión de malaria en el poblado de Charambirá (Chocó), Colombia, se estudió la estructura etárea de Anopheles neivai (reconocido vector en la Costa Pacífica) con base en su estado gonadotrófico. Se recolectaron mosquitos intradomiciliarmente durante el crepúsculo vespertino con cebos humanos y aspiradores bucales. Los mosquitos recolectados se mantuvieron en cajas cilíndricas de cartón con papel humedecido y dispensadores alimenticios hasta su disección al día siguiente. De los 200 mosquitos disecados entre septiembre y octubre de 1986,68 (34%) presentaban huellas de menos de tres oviposturas y los restantes (66%) habían efectuado al menos tres oviposturas. La diferencia entre el primer grupo considerado como mosquitos "no infectivos" y el segundo considerado como los "potencialmente infectivos" fue altamente significativa (X² = 10,68; P = 0,001). El 1,5% de A. neivai estudiados presentaban huellas correspondientes a 10 oviposturas mostrando una marcada longevidad y múltiples alimentaciones sanguíneas. Los resultados sugieren que existe un alto riesgo de contraer malaria en Charambirá durante el crepúsculo vespertino.

Enthalpies of Solution of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate in 15 Solvents at 298.15 K

Enthalpies of solution of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate, [BMIm]BF4, are reported at 298.15 K in a set of 15 hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor solvents, chosen by their diversity, namely, water, methanol, ethanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 2-choroethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, formamide, propylene carbonate, nitromethane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and aniline. These values are shown to be largely independent of [BMIm]BF4 concentration. The obtained enthalpies of solution vary from very endothermic to quite exothermic, thus showing a very high sensitivity of the enthalpies of solution of [BMIm]BF4 to solvent properties. Solvent effects on the solution process of this IL are analyzed by a quantitative structure-property relationship methodology, using the TAKA equation and a modified equation, which significantly improves the model's predictive ability. The observed differences in the enthalpies of solution are rationalized in terms of the solvent properties found to be relevant, that is, pi* and E-T(N).

Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction

New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW-ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 +/- 0.02 and 1.21 +/- 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent reopening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW-ESE structural axis of the island. Malic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Variation of magnetic properties in sedimentary rocks hosting the Foum Zguid dyke (southern Morocco): Combined effects of re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism

The effects of dyke intrusion on the magnetic properties of host sedimentary rocks are still poorly understood. Therefore, we have evaluated bulk magnetic parameters of standard palaeomagnetic samples collected along several sections across the sediments hosting the Foum Zguid dyke in southern Morocco. The study has been completed with the evaluation of the magnetic fabric after laboratory application of sequential heating experiments. The present study shows that: (1) close to Fourn Zguid dykes, the variations of the bulk magnetic parameters and of the magnetic fabric is strongly related with re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism intensity. (2) The thermal experiments on AMS of samples collected farther from the dyke and, thus, less affected by heating during dyke emplacement, indicate that 300-400 degrees C is the minimum experimental temperature necessary to trigger appreciable transformations of the pre-existing magnetic fabrics. For temperatures higher than ca. 580 degrees C, the magnetic fabric transformations are fully realized, with complete transposition of the initial fabric to a fabric similar to that of samples collected close to the dyke. Therefore, measured variations of the magnetic fabric can be used to evaluate re-crystallization temperatures experienced by the host sedimentary rock during dyke emplacement. The distinct magnetic behaviour observed along the cross-sections strongly suggests that samples collected farther from the dyke margins did not experience thermal episodes with temperatures higher than 300 degrees C after dyke emplacement. (3) AMS data shows a gradual variation of the magnetic fabric with distance from the dyke margin, from sub-horizontal K-3 away from the dyke to vertical K3 close to the dyke. Experimental heating shows that heat alone can be responsible for this strong variation. Therefore, such orientation changes should not be unequivocally interpreted as the result of a stress field (resulting from the emplacement of the dyke, for instance). (4) Magnetic studies prove to be a very sensitive tool to assess rock magnetic transformations, thermally and chemically induced by dyke intrusion in hosting sediments.

Classificação semântica de imagens com k-NN e RN

Um dos maiores desafios tecnológicos no presente é o de se conseguir gerar e manter, de uma maneira eficiente e consistente, uma base de dados de objectos multimédia, em particular, de imagens. A necessidade de desenvolver métodos de pesquisa automáticos baseados no conteúdo semântico das imagens tornou-se de máxima importância. MPEG-7 é um standard que descreve o contudo dos dados multimédia que suportam estes requisitos operacionais. Adiciona um conjunto de descritores audiovisuais de baixo nível. O histograma é a característica mais utilizada para representar as características globais de uma imagem. Neste trabalho é usado o “Edge Histogram Descriptor” (EHD), que resulta numa representação de baixo nível que permite a computação da similaridade entre imagens. Neste trabalho, é obtida uma caracterização semântica da imagem baseada neste descritor usando dois métodos da classificação: o algoritmo k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) e uma Rede Neuronal (RN) de retro propagação. No algoritmo k-NN é usada a distância Euclidiana entre os descritores de duas imagens para calcular a similaridade entre imagens diferentes. A RN requer um processo de aprendizagem prévia, que inclui responder correctamente às amostras do treino e às amostras de teste. No fim deste trabalho, será apresentado um estudo sobre os resultados dos dois métodos da classificação.

Análise comparativa de duas traduções de Tropic of Cancer de Henry Miller

Orientadora: Maria Helena Anacleto-Matias

Palaeomagnetic study of a subaerial volcanic ridge (Sao Jorge Island, Azores) for the past 1.3 Myr: evidence for the Cobb Mountain Subchron, volcano flank instability and tectonomagmatic implications

We present a palaeomagnetic study on 38 lava flows and 20 dykes encompassing the past 1.3 Myr on S. Jorge Island (Azores ArchipelagoNorth Atlantic Ocean). The sections sampled in the southeastern and central/western parts of the island record reversed and normal polarities, respectively. They indicate a mean palaeomagnetic pole (81.3 degrees N, 160.7 degrees E, K= 33 and A95= 3.4 degrees) with a latitude shallower than that expected from Geocentric Axial Dipole assumption, suggesting an effect of non-dipolar components of the Earth magnetic field. Virtual Geomagnetic Poles of eight flows and two dykes closely follow the contemporaneous records of the Cobb Mountain Subchron (ODP/DSDP programs) and constrain the age transition from reversed to normal polarity at ca. 1.207 +/- 0.017 Ma. Volcano flank instabilities, probably related to dyke emplacement along an NNWSSE direction, led to southwestward tilting of the lava pile towards the sea. Two spatially and temporally distinct dyke systems have been recognized on the island. The eastern is dominated by NNWSSE trending dykes emplaced before the end of the Matuyama Chron, whereas in the central/western parts the eruptive fissures oriented WNWESE controlled the westward growth of the S. Jorge Island during the Brunhes Chron. Both directions are consistent with the present-day regional stress conditions deduced from plate kinematics and tectonomorphology and suggest the emplacement of dykes along pre-existing fractures. The distinct timing and location of each dyke system likely results from a slight shift of the magmatic source.

Solubility of Ethene in Water and in a Medium for the Cultivation of a Bacterial Strain

The solubility of ethene in water and in the fermentation medium of Xanthobacter Py(2) was determined with a Ben-Naim-Baer type apparatus. The solubility measurements were carried out in the temperature range of (293.15 to 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure with a precision of about +/- 0.3 %. The Ostwald coefficients, the mole fractions of the dissolved ethene, at the gas partial pressure of 101.325 kPa, and the Henry coefficients, at the water vapor pressure, were calculated using accurate thermodynamic relations. A comparison between the solubility of ethene in water and in the cultivation medium has shown that this gas is about 2.4 % more soluble in pure water. On the other hand, from the solubility temperature dependence, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes for the process of transferring the solute from the gaseous phase to the liquid solutions were also determined. Moreover, the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (PC-SAFT EOS) model was used for the prediction of the solubility of ethene in water. New parameters, k(ij), are proposed for this system, and it was found that using a ky temperature-dependent PC-SAFT EOS describes more accurately the behavior solubilities of ethene in water at 101.325 kPa, improving the deviations to 1 %.