Ihanteena yrittäjämäisyys

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Supply network risks and costs in Finnish project business

This report summarizes the results of the survey HAVERI – Supply network risks in business. The survey was conducted in Finland during the spring and summer of year 2013. The survey is part of a large two-year research project started in June 2012 in Finland (on-going 06/2012–07/2014). The project is launched and financed by TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, and executed together with the researchers from Lappeenranta University of Technology and Tampere University of Technology. The overall goal of this on-going research project is to find out the decision-making practices in the project-oriented companies in their purchasing decisions especially in the mechanical engineering and construction industries in Finland. The objective of the survey was to gain cross-sectional data concerning the challenges, risks and cost factors in Finnish project business companies. The results show that Finnish companies rely on their experience and supplier references in their risk management. In general, the understanding of the total cost structure varies among the industries and companies. The main cost factor in risk management was costs before the actual purchase decision. Overall, it seems that the monetary value of the whole project and capability of purchasing personnel are the main influencing factors on risk management activity in project purchasing.

Particle model for simulating limestone reactions in novel fluidised bed energy applications

The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) has raised interest towards novel fluidised bed (FB) energy applications. In these applications, limestone can be utilized for S02 and/or CO2 capture. The conditions in the new applications differ from the traditional atmospheric and pressurised circulating fluidised bed (CFB) combustion conditions in which the limestone is successfully used for SO2 capture. In this work, a detailed physical single particle model with a description of the mass and energy transfer inside the particle for limestone was developed. The novelty of this model was to take into account the simultaneous reactions, changing conditions, and the effect of advection. Especially, the capability to study the cyclic behaviour of limestone on both sides of the calcination-carbonation equilibrium curve is important in the novel conditions. The significances of including advection or assuming diffusion control were studied in calcination. Especially, the effect of advection in calcination reaction in the novel combustion atmosphere was shown. The model was tested against experimental data; sulphur capture was studied in a laboratory reactor in different fluidised bed conditions. Different Conversion levels and sulphation patterns were examined in different atmospheres for one limestone type. The Conversion curves were well predicted with the model, and the mechanisms leading to the Conversion patterns were explained with the model simulations. In this work, it was also evaluated whether the transient environment has an effect on the limestone behaviour compared to the averaged conditions and in which conditions the effect is the largest. The difference between the averaged and transient conditions was notable only in the conditions which were close to the calcination-carbonation equilibrium curve. The results of this study suggest that the development of a simplified particle model requires a proper understanding of physical and chemical processes taking place in the particle during the reactions. The results of the study will be required when analysing complex limestone reaction phenomena or when developing the description of limestone behaviour in comprehensive 3D process models. In order to transfer the experimental observations to furnace conditions, the relevant mechanisms that take place need to be understood before the important ones can be selected for 3D process model. This study revealed the sulphur capture behaviour under transient oxy-fuel conditions, which is important when the oxy-fuel CFB process and process model are developed.

Lentokaluston merkitys lentäjän työmotivaatiossa

Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli selvittää, mikä on lentokaluston merkitys lentäjän työmotivaatiossa. Lisäksi tutkittiin, mikä on lentokaluston ja työmotivaation suhde sekä mitkä lentokoneen aiheuttamat tekijät vaikuttavat lentäjän työmotivaatioon. Tutkimus toteutettiin selittävänä kvantitatiivisena survey-tutkimuksena. Kohderyhmänä olivat aktiivisessa lentopalveluksessa olevat Ilmavoimien ohjaajat. Aineiston keruuseen käytettiin lomakekyselyitä, jotka suoritettiin tammikuussa 2009. Kyselyyn vastasi 74 lentäjää, mikä on varsin kohtuullinen määrä kohderyhmästä. Tilastollinen analyysi suoritettiin SPSS-ohjelmalla, ja testimenetelmänä käytettiin Kruskallin-Wallisin testiä. Avoimien vastauksien analysoinnissa käytettiin teemoittamista. Tutkimuksessa ilmeni, että lentokalusto vaikuttaa Ilmavoimien ohjaajien työmotivaatioon pääsääntöisesti positiivisesti. PC- ja RG-kaluston ohjaajat olivat sitä mieltä, että heidän operoimansa konetyypin vaikutus työmotivaatioon on negatiivinen. Myös Hornet-ohjaajat vertasivat useissa avoimissa vastauksissaan Hawkia ja Hornetia todeten, että Hornetilla on Hawkia motivoivampaa lentää.

Kirjoituksia iäkkäiden ihmisten asumisesta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kohtaamisia terveydenhuollossa : tietämisen moninaiset haasteet

Kirjallisuusarvostelu