Network reconfiguration of distribution systems using metaheuristics and reliability measures

In an evermore competitive environment, power distribution companies need to continuously monitor and improve the reliability indices of their systems. The network reconfiguration (NR) of a distribution system is a technique that well adapts to this new deregulated environment for it allows improvement of system reliability indices without the onus involved in procuring new equipment. This paper presents a reliability-based NR methodology that uses metaheuristic techniques to search for the optimal network configuration. Three metaheuristics, i.e. Tabu Search, Evolution Strategy, and Differential Evolution, are tested using a Brazilian distribution network and the results are discussed. © 2009 IEEE.

An intelligent system to detect drilling problems through drilled cuttings return analysis

Cuttings return analysis is an important tool to detect and prevent problems during the petroleum well drilling process. Several measurements and tools have been developed for drilling problems detection, including mud logging, PWD and downhole torque information. Cuttings flow meters were developed in the past to provide information regarding cuttings return at the shale shakers. Their use, however, significantly impact the operation including rig space issues, interferences in geological analysis besides, additional personel required. This article proposes a non intrusive system to analyze the cuttings concentration at the shale shakers, which can indicate problems during drilling process, such as landslide, the collapse of the well borehole walls. Cuttings images are acquired by a high definition camera installed above the shakers and sent to a computer coupled with a data analysis system which aims the quantification and closure of a cuttings material balance in the well surface system domain. No additional people at the rigsite are required to operate the system. Modern Artificial intelligence techniques are used for pattern recognition and data analysis. Techniques include the Optimum-Path Forest (OPF), Artificial Neural Network using Multilayer Perceptrons (ANN-MLP), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and a Bayesian Classifier (BC). Field test results conducted on offshore floating vessels are presented. Results show the robustness of the proposed system, which can be also integrated with other data to improve the efficiency of drilling problems detection. Copyright 2010, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition.

Pricing of reactive power support provided by distributed generators in transmission systems

Distributed Generation, microgrid technologies, two-way communication systems, and demand response programs are issues that are being studied in recent years within the concept of smart grids. At some level of enough penetration, the Distributed Generators (DGs) can provide benefits for sub-transmission and transmission systems through the so-called ancillary services. This work is focused on the ancillary service of reactive power support provided by DGs, specifically Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs), with high level of impact on transmission systems. The main objective of this work is to propose an optimization methodology to price this service by determining the costs in which a DG incurs when it loses sales opportunity of active power, i.e, by determining the Loss of Opportunity Costs (LOC). LOC occur when more reactive power is required than available, and the active power generation has to be reduced in order to increase the reactive power capacity. In the optimization process, three objectives are considered: active power generation costs of DGs, voltage stability margin of the system, and losses in the lines of the network. Uncertainties of WTGs are reduced solving multi-objective optimal power flows in multiple probabilistic scenarios constructed by Monte Carlo simulations, and modeling the time series associated with the active power generation of each WTG via Fuzzy Logic and Markov Chains. The proposed methodology was tested using the IEEE 14 bus test system with two WTGs installed. © 2011 IEEE.

Traffic flow breakdown prediction using feature reduction through Rough-Neuro fuzzy Networks

The prediction of the traffic behavior could help to make decision about the routing process, as well as enables gains on effectiveness and productivity on the physical distribution. This need motivated the search for technological improvements in the Routing performance in metropolitan areas. The purpose of this paper is to present computational evidences that Artificial Neural Network ANN could be use to predict the traffic behavior in a metropolitan area such So Paulo (around 16 million inhabitants). The proposed methodology involves the application of Rough-Fuzzy Sets to define inference morphology for insertion of the behavior of Dynamic Routing into a structured rule basis, without human expert aid. The dynamics of the traffic parameters are described through membership functions. Rough Sets Theory identifies the attributes that are important, and suggest Fuzzy relations to be inserted on a Rough Neuro Fuzzy Network (RNFN) type Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and type Radial Basis Function (RBF), in order to get an optimal surface response. To measure the performance of the proposed RNFN, the responses of the unreduced rule basis are compared with the reduced rule one. The results show that by making use of the Feature Reduction through RNFN, it is possible to reduce the need for human expert in the construction of the Fuzzy inference mechanism in such flow process like traffic breakdown. © 2011 IEEE.

Fuzzy control embedded in microcontroller and applied to an experimental apparatus using magnetorheological fluid damper

This work focuses on applying fuzzy control embedded in microcontrollers in an experimental apparatus using magnetorheological fluid damper. The non-linear behavior of the magnetorheological dampers associated with the parametric variations on vehicle suspension models corroborate the use of the fuzzy controllers. The fundamental formulation of this controller is discussed and its performance is shown through numeric simulations. An experimental apparatus representing a two degree of freedom system containing a magnetorheological damper is used to identify the main parameters and to evaluate the performance of the closed-loop system with the embedded low-cost microcontroller-based fuzzy controller. © 2013 Brazilian Society for Automatics - SBA.

Neural networks models for wear patterns recognition of single-point dresser

Grinding is a workpiece finishing process for advanced products and surfaces. However, the constant friction between workpiece and grinding wheel causes the latter to lose its sharpness, thereby impairing the result of the grinding process. When this occurs, the dressing process is essential to sharpen the worn grains of the grinding wheel. The dressing conditions strongly influence the performance of the grinding operation; hence, monitoring them throughout the process can increase its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to classify the wear condition of a single-point dresser using intelligent systems whose inputs were obtained by digitally processing acoustic emission signals. Two multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks were compared for their classification ability, one using the root mean square (RMS) statistics and another the ratio of power (ROP) statistics as input. In this study, it was found that the harmonic content of the acoustic emission signal is influenced by the condition of the dresser, and that the condition of the tool under study can be classified by using the aforementioned statistics to feed a neural network. © IFAC.

Reducing the conservatism of LMI-based stabilisation conditions for TS fuzzy systems using fuzzy Lyapunov functions

In this article, the fuzzy Lyapunov function approach is considered for stabilising continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. Previous linear matrix inequality (LMI) stability conditions are relaxed by exploring further the properties of the time derivatives of premise membership functions and by introducing slack LMI variables into the problem formulation. The relaxation conditions given can also be used with a class of fuzzy Lyapunov functions which also depends on the membership function first-order time-derivative. The stability results are thus extended to systems with large number of rules under membership function order relations and used to design parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) fuzzy controllers which are also solved in terms of LMIs. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the new stabilising conditions presented. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Sistema inteligente híbrido intercomunicativo para detecção de perdas comerciais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Detecção e classificação de faltas de alta impedância em sistemas elétricos de potência usando lógica Fuzzy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação de um sistema de Inferência Fuzzy de suporte à decisão para estimação de valores de ações cotadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Teoria de conjuntos fuzzy e aplicações

Pós-graduação em Matemática Universitária - IGCE

Proposta de Algoritmos Inteligentes para Localizar Faltas e Monitorar a Qualidade da Energia em Redes de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Desenvolvimento de um modelo fuzzy para determinação do calor latente com aplicação em sistemas de irrigação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle automático de adição de AlF3 em cubas de redução de alumínio, usando lógica fuzzy

Este trabalho descreve um sistema de análise de dados com a finalidade de gerar um sistema de controle utilizando técnica inteligente para adição de fluoreto de alumínio (AlF3) em fornos de redução de alumínio. O projeto baseia-se nos conceitos de lógica fuzzy, nos quais o conhecimento acumulado pelo especialista do processo é traduzido de maneira qualitativa em um conjunto de regras linguísticas do tipo SE ENTÃO. A utilização desta técnica inteligente para o controle de adição de fluoreto busca representar explicitamente um conhecimento qualitativo, detido pelos operadores de cubas eletrolíticas. Devido o sistema convencional não contemplar as variações dos fenômenos que envolvem a dinâmica do processo, um controlador fuzzy foi implmentado no sistema real para tomadas de decisões, utilizando o modelo mínimo de Mandani. Baseado neste modelo, as variáveis de processo para a entrada do sistema fuzzy, tais como temperatura de banho e percentual de fluoreto foram manipuladas para estimar a tendência de subida e descida, respectivamente, através do método mínimos quadrados(MMQ). O controlador fuzzy é aplicado para calcular a quantidade de fluoreto de alumínio (AlF3) a ser adicionado na cuba eletrolítica de forma automática sem a necessidade da intervenção do especialista do processo. A motivação para o uso de um sistema de controle fuzzy se deve ao fato de não se ter disponível um modelo dinâmico do processo de adição do fluoreto na cuba eletrolítica. Esta falta de modelagem se deve ao fato de grande complexidade dos fenômenos envolvidos em uma cuba que são processos termodinâmicos e eletromagnéticos acoplados.

Aplicação de filtro harmônico em sistemas elétricos de baixa tensão utilizando Lógica Fuzzy

Em um sistema elétrico existem vários circuitos e equipamentos industriais que se comportam como dispositivos não-lineares. Esse comportamento geram sinais que causam distorções dentro desse sistema. Essas distorções são chamadas de Harmônicas, que calculada de forma ampla nos fornece o valor do THD (do inglês Total Harmonic Distortion ou Distorção Harmônica Total). Este trabalho apresenta uma das várias soluções para minimizar esse indicador através da detecção por um algoritmo computacional instalado no medidor de THD apropriado e pela utilização de filtros harmônicos passivos. Este algoritmo computacional detecta e calcula em quais frequências o valor do THD está elevado em comparação a um índice normativo definido utilizando para isso a Lógica Fuzzy. Uma vez definido a necessidade da aplicação do filtro harmônico esse será projetado pelo algoritmo computacional. O filtro harmônico entregado neste trabalho será o filtro passivo devido a sua fácil instalação e ao seu baixo custo. Dessa forma, o algoritmo computacional proposto funciona no início da medição do THD, no equipamento medidor, indicando uma faixa classificatória de THD medido, utilizando para isso a Lógica Fuzzy, identifica a necessidade ou não da instalação do filtro harmônico passivo e seu projeto, e finaliza efetuando um novo cálculo de THD.