1000 resultados para Gordura - Subprodutos


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Dissertação de Mestrado, Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

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2016

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Hoje em dia, a indústria do pescado enfrenta muitos desafios e oportunidades, uma vez que o peixe é um alimento extremamente perecível em comparação com outros produtos. Por outro lado, este setor gera uma elevada quantidade de subprodutos, das operações tradicionais de filetagem ou de corte em postas. O aproveitamento desses subprodutos assume assim uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas. A maior justificação, porém é de ordem nutricional, pois os subprodutos são uma fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo. Estes subprodutos ou partes subvalorizadas são ricos em proteínas de alto valor biológico e ricos em ácidos gordos polinsaturados da série ómega 3. Acrescenta ainda a presente conjetura económica, desfavorável às empresas do ramo alimentar portuguesas, principalmente às empresas de pescado (devido ao aumento progressivo no preço da matéria-prima) e, urge assim, valorizar os subprodutos e aumentar o tempo de vida útil do pescado fresco, no sentido de revitalizar o mercado. A utilização de revestimentos comestíveis é um método promissor que permite proteger a qualidade dos produtos da pesca, aumentando o tempo de prateleira, sem comprometer a frescura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de revestimentos à base de gelatina de pele de atum (Thunnus obesus) (5%) com incorporação de extrato de algas (Codium spp e Fucus vesiculosus) (1%) na qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de atum fresco, durante o armazenamento (12 dias a 4°C). Foram desenvolvidas três soluções de revestimento à base de gelatina extraída de peles de atum (G), com ou sem incorporação de extratos de macroalgas (Codium spp (GC) e Fucus vesiculosus (GF)). O método de extração de gelatina a partir de peles de atum foi selecionado com base no rendimento do processo. Os revestimentos foram aplicados por aspersão aos lombos de atum fresco. Ao longo de 12 dias de armazenamento a 4 ± 1°C foram efetuadas várias análises físicas e químicas às postas de atum para poder avaliar o efeito dos revestimentos na manutenção da qualidade do produto. O trabalho realizado demonstrou que a metodologia de extração utilizada permite obter um rendimento na ordem dos 29%. Os revestimentos desenvolvidos juntamente com uma temperatura de armazenamento de 4 °C mostram ser a boa opção para manter os parâmetros de tempo de prateleira do atum durante 12 dias. O teor de azoto básico volátil e o número total de microrganismos apresentam valores inferiores aos limites máximos recomendados, a cor vermelha mantém-se durante mais dias e o valor de pH mantém-se inferior ao controlo para as amostras com revestimento ao fim dos 12 dias. Em suma, a utilização de revestimentos à base de gelatina de peles de atum pode ser uma boa opção para prolongar o tempo de prateleira do atum refrigerado. Por outro lado, o aproveitamento dos subprodutos comestíveis das operações de transformação do atum assume uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas.

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Inulin is a functional food ingredient, generally employed as sugar or fat substitute in food systems. This ingredient can be found in several vegetal products, including chicory roots. As the solubility of inulin is susceptible to temperature changes, the product suffers a fractionalization resulting in two phases when cooled, originating a precipitated phase, more viscose, and a liquid phase, of lesser viscosity. The study of rheological properties of different phases of inulin extract is important for equipment designing, such as mixer and bombs. In this work, rheological behavior at three different temperatures (25; 40 and 50 ºC) was determined for liquid and precipitated phases of inulin liquid extract, extracted from chicory roots by hot water diffusion and cooled at two different temperatures (8 and -10 ºC), suffering phases separation. The precipitated phase was analyzed in two conditions: pure and with the addition of microencapsulating agents (maltodextrin and hydrolized starch). All of them presented a linear behavior, similar to that of the Plastics of Bingham. Some of them, however, were not an adequate fit to this model.

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Inulin is a fructooligosacharide found in diverse agricultural products, amongst them garlic, banana, Jerusalem artichoke and chicory root. Inulin generally is used in developed countries, as a substitute of sugar and/or fat due to its characteristics of fitting as functional and dietary food. Chicory root is usually used as source and raw material for commercial extration of inulin. The experiments consisted on drying sliced chicory roots based on a factorial experimental design in a convective dryer whose alows the air to pass perpendicularly through the tray. Effective diffusivity (dependent variable) has been determined for each experimental combination of independent variables (air temperature and velocity). The data curves have been fitted by the solution of the second Fick law and Page's model. Effective difusivity varied from 3.51 x 10-10 m² s-1 to 1.036 x 10-10 m² s-1. It is concluded that, for the range of studied values, air temperature is the only statistically significant variable. So, a first order mathematical model was obtained, representing effective diffusivity behavior as function of air temperature. The best drying condition was correspondent to the trial using the highest drying air temperature.

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INTRODUCTION: Armies from all over the world acknowledge the importance of good physical fitness for the performance of military duties. The Military Exercise Training (MET) attempts to provide assistance to this search for better physical fitness and performance. OBJECTIVE: To verifying the effect on the body composition and physical performance of the students at ESPCEX (Military School for Preparation of Army Cadets) after 13 weeks of MET. METHODS: The sample was formed by 287 male students from the ESPCEX, whose average age was 18.33 ±1.26. Such students accomplished a boarding school routine, having defined schedules, meals and activities from which they were only released during the weekends. The MET was accomplished five days a week and it comprised both aerobic and resistance training. Measurement of body mass, height, skinfold (triceps, abdominal and suprailiac) was accomplished during pre and post training periods, and the following tests were performed: 12-minutes-run, oblique sit up, arm push up and pull up. Fat percentage, fat-free body mass and fat body mass were calculated using the anthropometric data based on the Guedes 3 skinfold protocol. RESULTS: Significant reduction in fat body mass, fat percentage and in triceptal and abdominal skinfold, as well as increase in suprailiac skinfold and fat-free body mass was observed when anthropometric and body composition data were compared, during the initial and the final periods of training. Significant improvement also occurred in all prformed physical tests, in which better performance was achieved. CONCLUSION: The acquired data suggest that performance of MET 5 days a week brought significantly improved body composition as well as physical performance

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Quality traits of boneless rib cut (L. dorsi muscle) from Nelore young bulls. To study the meat quality traits of Nelore breed young bulls, and the effect of age (690-780 days) on them, 113 animals were slaughtered after 109 days of intensive feeding with 20% concentrate and 80% roughage. All the carcasses were graded at the slaughter floor by the Federal Inspection and chilled for 24 hours (Tinitial=5°C, Tfinal=2°C). Fifty one half carcasses (right side), type B - B R A S I L `s grading system - from animals of 23 to 26 months were boned and separated into commercial cuts. Two steaks (2.5cm thick) were removed from each boneless rib cut (m. L. dorsi), vacuum packaged and aged for 7 days (0-2°C). The pH varied from 5.44 to 5.83 and only two samples had pH ³ 5.70. The L* (brightness) average value was 34.85. The water and fat content were 75.65% and 1.71%, respectively. The average WB shear force was 6.70kg, and it was not affected by age (690-734 days), but presented a trend (t test, p=0.22) for increasing values between 735 and 780 days. Animal age did not affect other quality traits (t test, p>0.20). It was concluded that the rib cut from Nelore young bulls may not have a good acceptability in exigent markets, and that carcasses graded B, presumed to be the best grade, do not necessarily present the best meat quality characteristics.

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Brazilian regulations prohibit the addition of cocoa butter replacements to chocolate, in total or partial substitution. The objective of the present work was to check the quality standards of four of coating bitter Brasilian chocolate bars and five of coating milk chocolate bars, commercialized in Campinas. In order to check the possible addition of substitutes, the triacylglycerol composition was determined, and the results were analysed by Padley & Timms mathematical method. The triacylglycerol composition of each sample was determined by high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The presence of cocoa butter replacements was not detected in the brands of coating chocolate.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física