Ferramentas de controle interno da controladoria geral da União: instrumentos de fiscalização da gestão, controle social e combate a corrupção

A administração pública exerce o seu poder de fiscalização por intermédio dos controles externo e interno, nos níveis federal, estadual e municipal, atuando como representante do papel no lugar do cidadão na gestão dos bens públicos. A correta utilização dos recursos públicos tem sido motivo de preocupação da administração pública, não só quanto à existência de corrupção de agentes públicos e políticos, mas também pela má gestão, pela falta de eficácia, eficiência, efetividade e economicidade quando da execução de recursos por meio das políticas públicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a questão da governança na administração pública, sua eficiência no sentido amplo, na vertente do controle interno e controle social como forma de combate à corrupção. Este estudo buscou analisar o controle social nas ações investigativas do governo federal brasileiro, realizadas pela Controladoria Geral da União (CGU), por intermédio das Demandas Externas que são instrumentos de controle interno desenvolvidos pela CGU, são ferramentas de auditoria utilizadas no controle que proporcionam a fiscalização imediata por representantes de entidades e cidadãos, gerando relatórios e pedidos de informações para que o gestor se manifeste sobre impropriedades e irregularidades na execução de políticas públicas. As demandas externas processadas pela Controladoria Geral da União e estão ligadas diretamente ao momento de fiscalização prévia e concomitante, também se relacionam com a questão do controle social enfatizando a participação popular, podendo ser iniciadas não somente a partir de denúncias formuladas pelos órgãos do poder público e imprensa, mas a partir do próprio cidadão que diretamente exerce seu poder de fiscalização, havendo o uso desse instrumento aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos, principalmente por meio da internet. A relevância do estudo é importante na verificação da inciativa dessas demandas, outrora sempre feita por parte de órgãos da estrutura burocrática do Estado, começa a fomentar o cidadão à participação, isso aumenta o controle social e o accountability vertical.

A foice, o martelo e outras ferramentas de ação política: os trabalhadores rurais e têxteis de Magé/RJ (1956-1973)

A presente tese pretende analisar a ação política dos trabalhadores rurais e têxteis do municí-pio de Magé, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1956 e 1973, com destaque para as atuações dessas duas categorias em parceria, bem como as suas formas de organização e lutas. Ao considerarmos este município como um cenário privilegiado para se investigar as conexões entre o rural e urbano – tendo em vista que a cidade foi uma pródiga produtora de alimentos e tornou-se um polo industrial têxtil – nosso intuito será mapear a participação dos diversos partidos políticos, lideranças, grupos e instituições que dialogavam com esses trabalhadores para além do mito da “foice o e martelo”. Deste modo, buscamos contribuir com os estudos sobre história do trabalho, enfatizando a articulação entre as lutas coletivas e as ferramentas de ação política utilizadas por esses tecelões e lavradores, analisados de forma conjunta nesta pesquisa.

Modos projetuais de simulação: uso de ferramentas de simulação térmica no processo projetual de arquitetura

This thesis aims to describe and demonstrate the developed concept to facilitate the use of thermal simulation tools during the building design process. Despite the impact of architectural elements on the performance of buildings, some influential decisions are frequently based solely on qualitative information. Even though such design support is adequate for most decisions, the designer will eventually have doubts concerning the performance of some design decisions. These situations will require some kind of additional knowledge to be properly approached. The concept of designerly ways of simulating focuses on the formulation and solution of design dilemmas, which are doubts about the design that cannot be fully understood nor solved without using quantitative information. The concept intends to combine the power of analysis from computer simulation tools with the capacity of synthesis from architects. Three types of simulation tools are considered: solar analysis, thermal/energy simulation and CFD. Design dilemmas are formulated and framed according to the architect s reflection process about performance aspects. Throughout the thesis, the problem is investigated in three fields: professional, technical and theoretical fields. This approach on distinct parts of the problem aimed to i) characterize different professional categories with regards to their design practice and use of tools, ii) investigate preceding researchers on the use of simulation tools and iii) draw analogies between the proposed concept, and some concepts developed or described in previous works about design theory. The proposed concept was tested in eight design dilemmas extracted from three case studies in the Netherlands. The three investigated processes are houses designed by Dutch architectural firms. Relevant information and criteria from each case study were obtained through interviews and conversations with the involved architects. The practical application, despite its success in the research context, allowed the identification of some applicability limitations of the concept, concerning the architects need to have technical knowledge and the actual evolution stage of simulation tools

Sistemas de informação geográfica e análise espacial de dados como ferramentas para determinação de agregação espacial de doenças: a hanseníase como modelo

This work demonstrates the importance of using tools used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data analysis (SDA) for the study of infectious diseases. Analysis methods were used to describe more fully the spatial distribution of a particular disease by incorporating the geographical element in the analysis. In Chapter 1, we report the historical evolution of these techniques in the field of human health and use Hansen s disease (leprosy) in Rio Grande do Norte as an example. In Chapter 2, we introduced a few basic theoretical concepts on the methodology and classified the types of spatial data commonly treated. Chapters 3 and 4 defined and demonstrated the use of the two most important techniques for analysis of health data, which are data point processes and data area. We modelled the case distribution of Hansen s disease in the city of Mossoró - RN. In the analysis, we used R scripts and made available routines and analitical procedures developed by the author. This approach can be easily used by researchers in several areas. As practical results, major risk areas in Mossoró leprosy were detected, and its association with the socioeconomic profile of the population at risk was found. Moreover, it is clearly shown that his approach could be of great help to be used continuously in data analysis and processing, allowing the development of new strategies to work might increase the use of such techniques in data analysis in health care

Mapa de Conteúdos e Mapa de Dependências:Ferramentas Pedagógicas para uma Metodologia de Planejamento baseada em Objetivos Educacionais e sua Implementação em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem

Furthered mainly by new technologies, the expansion of distance education has created a demand for tools and methodologies to enhance teaching techniques based on proven pedagogical theories. Such methodologies must also be applied in the so-called Virtual Learning Environments. The aim of this work is to present a planning methodology based on known pedagogical theories which contributes to the incorporation of assessment in the process of teaching and learning. With this in mind, the pertinent literature was reviewed in order to identify the key pedagogical concepts needed to the definition of this methodology and a descriptive approach was used to establish current relations between this conceptual framework and distance education. As a result of this procedure, the Contents Map and the Dependence Map were specified and implemented, two teaching tools that promote the planning of a course by taking into account assessment still in this early stage. Inserted on Moodle, the developed tools were tested in a course of distance learning for practical observation of the involved concepts. It could be verified that the methodology proposed by the above-mentioned tools is in fact helpful in course planning and in strengthening educational assessment, placing the student as central element in the process of teaching and learning

Novas ferramentas para monitoramento ambiental usando SIG Web

The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has becoming very important in fields where detailed and precise study of earth surface features is required. Applications in environmental protection are such an example that requires the use of GIS tools for analysis and decision by managers and enrolled community of protected areas. In this specific field, a challenge that remains is to build a GIS that can be dynamically fed with data, allowing researchers and other agents to recover actual and up to date information. In some cases, data is acquired in several ways and come from different sources. To solve this problem, some tools were implemented that includes a model for spatial data treatment on the Web. The research issues involved start with the feeding and processing of environmental control data collected in-loco as biotic and geological variables and finishes with the presentation of all information on theWeb. For this dynamic processing, it was developed some tools that make MapServer more flexible and dynamic, allowing data uploading by the proper users. Furthermore, it was also developed a module that uses interpolation to aiming spatial data analysis. A complex application that has validated this research is to feed the system with data coming from coral reef regions located in northeast of Brazil. The system was implemented using the best interactivity concept provided by the AJAX model and resulted in a substantial contribution for efficiently accessing information, being an essential mechanism for controlling events in the environmental monitoring

Esforços em ferramentas rompedoras de solo de semeadoras de plantio direto

The individual evaluation of mechanisms for opening furrows to drop the seeds in a no-tillage seeders cultivation assists the companies in the sizing of opening tools of the ground, that search for minor energy petition and for diminishing the ground area mobilized. Therefore this work had the aim of evaluate the efforts of five different mechanisms of opening of ridge of seeding of direct plantation varyng the vertical load. The experiment was installed in one ground classified as Dystroferric Red Nitosol. The used experimental delineation was of the one randomized blocks in a factorial project 5 x 4, constituted a the following factors: five mechanisms of furrow opening (even disk - DL, corrugated disk - DC, ondulated disk - DO, double disk - DD and furrow rod - F) and four vertical loads (750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 N). To measure the forces in the studied treatments a dynamometer with sensitivity in the directions was used horizontal, lateral and vertical direction. The evaluation showed that the interaction between mechanisms of opening of ridge and vertical load was not significant, however the factors were significant when analyzed individually. The connecting rod promoted mobilization of the ground with smaller draft of horizontal effort reaching depths of work. The work showed that the vertical load influenced the depth of work of the mechanisms of ridge opening. The mechanisms of ridge opening of record type need vertical force to penetrate into the ground.

Estudos de algumas ferramentas de coleta e visualização de dados e desempenho de aplicações paralelas no ambiente MPI

The last years have presented an increase in the acceptance and adoption of the parallel processing, as much for scientific computation of high performance as for applications of general intention. This acceptance has been favored mainly for the development of environments with massive parallel processing (MPP - Massively Parallel Processing) and of the distributed computation. A common point between distributed systems and MPPs architectures is the notion of message exchange, that allows the communication between processes. An environment of message exchange consists basically of a communication library that, acting as an extension of the programming languages that allow to the elaboration of applications parallel, such as C, C++ and Fortran. In the development of applications parallel, a basic aspect is on to the analysis of performance of the same ones. Several can be the metric ones used in this analysis: time of execution, efficiency in the use of the processing elements, scalability of the application with respect to the increase in the number of processors or to the increase of the instance of the treat problem. The establishment of models or mechanisms that allow this analysis can be a task sufficiently complicated considering parameters and involved degrees of freedom in the implementation of the parallel application. An joined alternative has been the use of collection tools and visualization of performance data, that allow the user to identify to points of strangulation and sources of inefficiency in an application. For an efficient visualization one becomes necessary to identify and to collect given relative to the execution of the application, stage this called instrumentation. In this work it is presented, initially, a study of the main techniques used in the collection of the performance data, and after that a detailed analysis of the main available tools is made that can be used in architectures parallel of the type to cluster Beowulf with Linux on X86 platform being used libraries of communication based in applications MPI - Message Passing Interface, such as LAM and MPICH. This analysis is validated on applications parallel bars that deal with the problems of the training of neural nets of the type perceptrons using retro-propagation. The gotten conclusions show to the potentiality and easinesses of the analyzed tools.

CAD e engenharia reversa como ferramentas de auxílio na fabricação de cartuchos para próteses ortopédicas

The manufacturing of above and below-knee prosthesis starts by taking surfac measurements of the patient s residual limb. This demands the making of a cartridg with appropriate fitting and customized to the profile of each patient. The traditiona process in public hospitals in Brazil begins with the completion of a record file (according to law nº388, of July 28, 1999 by the ministry of the health) for obtaining o the prosthesis, where it is identified the amputation level, equipment type, fitting type material, measures etc. Nowadays, that work is covered by the Brazilian Nationa Health Service (SUS) and is accomplished in a manual way being used commo measuring tapes characterizing a quite rudimentary, handmade work and without an accuracy.In this dissertation it is presented the development of a computer integrate tool that it include CAD theory, for visualization of both above and below-knee prosthesis in 3D (i.e. OrtoCAD), as well as, the design and the construction a low cos electro-mechanic 3D scanner (EMS). This apparatus is capable to automatically obtain geometric information of the stump or of the healthy leg while ensuring smalle uncertainty degree for all measurements. The methodology is based on reverse engineering concepts so that the EMS output is fed into the above mentioned academi CAD software in charge of the 3D computer graphics reconstruction of the residualimb s negative plaster cast or even the healthy leg s mirror image. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model is valid, because it allows the structura analysis to be performed based on the requested loads, boundary conditions, material chosen and wall thickness. Furthermore it allows the manufacturing of a prosthesis cartridge meeting high accuracy engineering patterns with consequent improvement in the quality of the overall production process