The Pedagogical Congresses of Portuguese Secondary Teaching : the participation of female teachers (1927-1928)

This paper was written within the context of the research project “The development of teacher’ associative organizations and unionism (1889-1990)” funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology). Five important congresses about secondary education were organized in Portugal between 1927 and 1931. These congresses served to claim the rights of teachers and the consolidation of the class, as well as to promote the discussion of scientific and pedagogical problems. In these congresses, the presence of female teachers was residual. However, the few teachers who participated had a significant contribution to the definition of secondary education during the following decades. Among other issues, it contributed to the discussion of female education and to analyze the importance of Biology and Physical Education in high schools. This paper presents the analysis of the minutes of the 1927s and 1928s Congresses. This analysis allowed the assessment of the important role played by a group of teachers to define, at the end of the first third of the 20th century, the future guidelines of Portuguese secondary education. It also reported that these teachers were pioneers who opened the way for the increasing number of teachers in secondary education during the 20th century.

Formação continuada de professores e mudança na prática pedagógica na sala de aula

O presente estudo trata da formação continuada com foco na prática pedagógica do professor na sala de aula, tendo como objetivo maior analisar se a formação continuada ofertada pela rede municipal de ensino de Itupiranga, estado do Pará, tem contribuído para a mudança da prática do professor na sala de aula. No referencial teórico autores como Nóvoa (2007, 2009), Tardif (2002), Romanowski (2010), Alarcão (2001, 2007), Lüdke (2004) contribuem com suas pesquisas no sentido do entendimento sobre a prática do professor e do processo de formação continuada docente. A pesquisa incorreu sobre um grupo de docentes e de formadores de professores atuantes em cursos, programas e/ou projetos de formação continuada ofertados pela rede municipal de ensino, sendo alvo apenas os envolvidos entre o período de 2005 a 2012. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa aliados a dados quantitativos desta pesquisa foi realizada a partir de estudos de Bignardi (2009), Oliveira (2007), Bogdan e Bicklen (1994). Optou-se pela aplicação de questionário e entrevista; seguido para uma análise de conteúdo profunda dos dados coletados que apontam que a formação continuada de professores realizada em âmbito municipal contribui de forma significativa para que haja mudança na prática pedagógica dos docentes, os respondentes destacaram três aspectos considerados como alteração de suas práticas, o primeiro está relacionado ao entendimento sobre o reconhecimento e identificação dos níveis de desenvolvimento da leitura e escrita dos educandos; o segundo refere –se ao não uso de cartilhas e de sílabas soltas no processo de alfabetização, as quais foram substituídas por textos, por acreditarem que estes viabilizam tanto o processo de decodificação, identificação de palavras quanto o letramento propriamente dito, o terceiro aspecto demonstra que a mudança ocorreu quando começaram a planejar, de forma coletiva, vários projetos didáticos e sequências didáticas envolvendo os vários gêneros textuais levando em consideração aquilo que o educando já sabe para aprender o que ainda não sabe. Parte significativa dos docentes concordam que a formação continuada por eles frequentada alterou sua forma de atuação em sala de aula, entretanto, surgem outros questionamentos que apontam para a continuidade de pesquisa desta temática.

Avaliação dos JDC em Educação Física : Estudo de Caso

Este estudo teve como questão de pesquisa verificar se há evidência de progressão na avaliação final dos Jogos Desportivos Colectivos de invasão, mantendo o protocolo de avaliação inicial, utilizando as Provas de Avaliação Aferida, aplicadas na Escola Secundária Dona Luísa de Gusmão (ESDLG). Como contributo à aplicação e sustentabilidade das Provas apresentamos um levantamento dos níveis introdução e elementar do Programa, em que destacamos princípios comuns que possam beneficiar a clarificação do currículo para os professores avaliadores e contribuir para o ensino dos jogos desportivos. O presente trabalho assume-se como um estudo exploratório de caso, em que se escolheu uma turma específica de oitavo ano da ESDLG, com vinte e seis sujeitos envolvidos no caso. Isto para estudar a filosofia de aplicação das Provas de Avaliação, em que a sua operacionalização é da responsabilidade do Grupo de Educação Física. Os resultados apontam para a progressão do nível de desempenho dos alunos nas matérias de Andebol, Basquetebol e Futebol. A avaliação nos jogos desportivos colectivos da ESDLG está de acordo com as orientações dos PNEF. O estudo é válido pela representação que as Provas têm nos objectivos definidos nos Programas Nacionais de Educação Física e obedece a níveis de fidelidade pela constância apresentada nas observações realizadas pelos professores nos dois momentos de avaliação. Importa também referir que as Provas de Avaliação alicerçam a aferição de critérios, moderam a avaliação dos alunos e permitem ao Agrupamento de Educação Física tomar decisões mediante os resultados e tendências das Provas. Para que a avaliação possa ser ainda mais objectiva será importante associar às Provas de Avaliação um ensino contextualizado dos jogos desportivos, de modo a que se avalie o aluno nas mesmas condições em que se ensina.

O papel do farmacêutico em programas de educação e promoção para a saúde nas escolas

Num tempo em que a obesidade já é considerada uma epidemia, e que este é um problema que atinge cada vez mais crianças, é urgente agir. Por isso a educação e promoção para a saúde surgem com o objectivo de estimular as crianças a adoptar estilos de vida saudáveis. No entanto não se pode limitar a educação e promoção para a saúde apenas às crianças, mas estende-las às suas famílias e a toda acomunidade escolar. Os estudos de avaliação custo-efectividade demonstram os custos das acções preventivas vão resultar em ganhos em saúde a posteriori. O objectivo principal desta monografia é identificar qual o papel do farmacêutico e compreender até que ponto consegue, através da aplicação de programas de educação e promoção para saúde junto das escolas, actuar na prevenção da obesidade infantil, ao nível da alimentação e exercício físico. Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, no qual se realizaram inquéritos numa escola do ensino básico em Torres Vedras a 104 indivíduos dos quais apenas 80 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão pré-definidos: familiares, pessoal docente e não docente, de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 10 anos de idade. No final do estudo pode-se confirmar a importância do farmacêutico no desenvolvimento de projectos no âmbito da educação e promoção para a saúde, junto das escolas, como uma medida de prevenção da obesidade e as suas comorbilidades.

The "freedom to frame questions... worth asking" or three stories and three (other) fragments of research

In our state of centralised control of the curriculum and high-stakes testing an examination subject's assessment objectives have become high profile. Some of the anomalous effects of this profile are shown in the teaching, question-setting, and marking of English literature. Glimpses of earlier times are revealed, all three secondary school key stages are considered, examination performances are discussed, and the views of beginning teachers about teaching to the test are sought.

Degree projects improving co-operation between the teacher education program and schools : - Swedish experiences

In 1977, when teacher education inSwedenwas incorporated into the university system, the main reason was to transform it into an academic tradition. Now, nearly 30 years later, there is still tension between the academic and the vocational tradition; they show up as different and separated elements in a program that is meant to prepare students for a career as a teacher and for a possible future career as a researcher in this field. This tension gives rise to a risk of allowing parallel “tracks” to develop and of isolating the degree thesis work from other courses. On the teacher-training program in which we are involved, close co-operation with partner-schools, where the practical part of the program takes place, has been established. Here, the students´ degree theses are an important factor in making this co-operation work on a concrete level. Accordingly, the purpose of the degree thesis is both to reflect problems in schools and contribute to better teaching in the individual school, but also to offer relevant educational subject matter to the students, which may be adapted as an element in the university’s research environments. From these points of view, the degree thesis is an important part of teacher education and rather more than just a single course. The degree thesis should be an element that gives the students an opportunity to show that they have reached central goals in the teacher education program. It should also be an integral part in the development of critical and scholarly thinking, deepening pedagogical and didactic knowledge and giving the students an opportunity to apply research methods. We will here use two minor case studies: one that compares teacher education programs in five Swedish universities and one minor study at one of those universities, in order to elaborate on the questions: - What purpose has a degree thesis and what role does it play in teacher education? - What criteria are relevant to assessing a degree thesis and what qualities do the degree theses have? - Is it possible to assess a degree thesis fairly and what happens to students who do not pass? - How could the degree thesis be used to improve the contact between the teacher education program and its partner schools in order to contribute to the development of the individual school?

O lugar pedagógico da educação física na educação infantil: saberes (re)construídos na formação continuada do PAIDÉIA/UFRN

The present study aimed to investigate the overview of teachers in continuing education program who work in kindergarten, about the continuing education developed by the Paideia/UFRN through the Course of Specialization in Art Teaching and Physical Education in Childhood, having as key focus, the knowing / doing related to physical education in Childhood. From this general goal, it was elected some specific objectives as: to know the interests and expectations that motivated the teachers to participate of that referred training; the evaluation by teachers on regard of the continuing education proposed: boosters factors for possible changes in teaching activities regarding the practice of teaching physical education in kindergarten. The methodology took the principles and techniques of qualitative research strategy and the characteristics of descriptive and interpretive strategy. The locus of this research was the Course of Specialization in Art Education and Physical Education in childhood, having as the citizens of this research twenty three teachers taking that specialization course. For building and systematization of the data, we used the following tools and procedures: a questionnaire, a semi structured interview and documents analysis. The data was constructed based on the technique of content analysis, focusing the reflections and speech of the teachers about the creation of new meanings and senses for the knowing / doing in Physical Education. It was found, among other results, the need and quest for improvement of teacher education, in order to improve educational practice. It was also evident that the situations of dialogues (interactions with peers, with their professors and other professionals in the related area or not) were mentioned by most teachers in the course as a relevant moment of redefinition of knowledge. In relation to Physical Education, it was found that participation in the course of specialization provided the recognition of teaching practice of physical education as part of the curriculum and the importance of inclusion of its specificities in their educational planning. From these elaborations, we come to the conclusion that knowing the perspectives of the teachers about continuing education can contribute to the theoretical and methodological discussions in teachers education and the creation of new actions - projects and programs of continuing education constructing increasingly ways towards a successful teacher formation, able to provide new forms of acting in the educational context

O papel da leitura nas aulas de inglês: uma análise segundo a percepção dos professores do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais de Natal

This dissertation aims at investigating the teachers beliefs about the role of the reading ability in English at public state high schools in Natal and identifying the social value of the process of learning English for students of a foreign language. From the understanding of studies on reading, both in the field of Cognitive Psychology, as in Gibson & Levin (1975), as in the area of Psycholinguistics, as in Goodman (1970) and Del Re (2006), We researched the teachers perceptions about the skills and competencies that should permeate their educational practices, through their knowledge about theories of language acquisition as Cognitivism (Piaget, 1961) and Social Interactionism (Vygotsky, 1979) and the official documents (PCNEM, 1999; PCN+, 2002 ) that are the parameters for teaching a foreign language. We took into consideration other factors that influence the choice of the goals and the objectives to be worked out, such as: intensity of teachers workload, number of classes and students per class for each teacher, materials and technologies available, among other factors that will play an important role in the choice of the appropriate methodologies. To conduct a case study, two questionnaires were used in the construction of direct interviews with fourteen English teachers in twenty schools. According to data on the teachers beliefs we could find that for them the reading ability does not seem to have an special treatment in the teaching of a foreign language due to factors that undermine this process and therefore make teachers do not realize the real objectives of teaching English at public state high schools in Natal. As a consequence, the current process of education complicates the formation of autonomous learners capable of fighting for a social transformation

Representações de professores de língua inglesa de Natal-RN: um estudo sistêmico-funcional

Teaching and learning representations have been more and more investigated in the Brazilian applied linguistics field, as it allows the understanding of the teachers representations and how they conceive the learning process. This practice facilitates the planning of actions to improve the educational system. This study aims at identifying, interpreting and discussing some representations related to the identity and professional view of English as a foreign language teachers in different school contexts of Natal-RN. The theoretical and methodological foundation for this research is Halliday s Systemic- Functional Linguistics (1994; HALLIDAY; MATHIESSEN, 2004; EGGINS, 1994, among others). Our goal was to reveal the teachers representations embedded in their language, mainly through the ideational metafunction, as language is the tool we use to express ourselves about the external world (events, qualities, things, etc) and the internal world (thoughts, beliefs, feelings, etc). The research corpus is made of 21 teacher narratives, generated from a questionnaire sent to the teachers, who were divided in two groups: Group 1 (public schools teachers) and Group 2 (private schools and English course teachers). Most of the participants seemed to be satisfied with their professional choice. Many of them see the job as a challenge and an opportunity to transmit knowledge. All of them affirmed that the English teacher is a professional, for different reasons; however, the low professional appreciation was a recurrent aspect among the studied narratives. When asked about where they work, the private school teachers seemed to be more satisfied with the teaching-learning process than the ones from the public schools. We believe that the data analyzed in this study is important to show how some English teachers from Natal-RN see their profession. The results might be used in continuing education courses as food-for-thought in group discussions, as it is extremely important to emphasize and stimulate this practice

O ensino de língua inglesa em um instituto federal : uma análise das recomendações documentais e da perspetiva dos professores

This work aims to understand the teaching of English at the Federal Institute of considering the recommendations of official and technical documents for the integrated secondary school and the perspective of the English teachers settled in one of the campuses of the Institute. It is also an objective of this research to infer as to what extent the perspective of teachers is articulated to the documental recommendations. For this purpose, several official and technical documents (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), such as the PCNEMs (BRAZIL, 2000), the OCNEMs (BRAZIL, 2006) and the Political-Pedagogical Project of the Institute (IFRN, in press) were gathered, and a questionnaire was submitted to six teachers of English from one of the campuses of the institution. The theoretical references of the research include, among others, Bakhtin (1997; 1999), Widdowson (1991), Almeida Filho (2011; 2004), Celani (1988; 2009), Hutchinson and Waters (1987) and Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998). The results show that the teaching of English according to the documents predicts the instrumental use of the foreign language, but suggests the development of competences and skills as contextualized social practices, aimed at the education of the student as a professional-citizen. The perspective of teachers, in turn, points to a concern that the teaching of English serves as a tool for improving student life through the instrumental use of language as a means of accessing information and professional training. This finding reveals that the articulation between the documental recommendations and perspective of teachers does not go beyond what refers to the instrumental language teaching, since teachers do not show, when reporting their practices, the teaching of language as social practice, as mentioned in the legal texts

A teoria das representações sociais nos estudos sobre representações de professores

A pesquisa apresentada analisou 27 teses de doutorado e dissertações de mestrado de programas brasileiros de Pós-Graduação em Educação que usam a teoria de representações sociais para estudar representações de ou sobre professor. Para a realização dessa análise foram investigados, principalmente, aspectos metodológicos relacionados ao uso da TRS, tais como: modo de descrição dos sujeitos da pesquisa e variáveis selecionadas nessa caracterização; descrição do objeto de estudo, sua contextualização e justificação como objeto de representação social; procedimentos de coleta de dados, sua adequação e justificação; tratamento dos dados; procedimentos de análise; síntese dos resultados e sua contribuição para a educação, para a formação de professores e para a TRS. Concluiu-se que a TRS é pouco explorada nos trabalhos, embora, de modo geral, eles contribuam para aclarar as representações que professores têm a respeito de vários campos que compõem sua vida profissional.

O uso de instrumentos e procedimentos de pesquisa sobre crenças: promovendo formação reflexiva

Sabe-se que as crenças do professor influenciam suas percepções, decisões e ações antes, durante ou depois da aula. Dessa forma, é importante que ele as conheça e reflita sobre as mesmas, o que pode levá-lo a possíveis alterações em suas práticas, possibilitando seu desenvolvimento profissional. Para levantar essas crenças é necessária a utilização de instrumentos e procedimentos que sejam eficientes e promovam reflexão. Neste artigo apresentaremos um trabalho cujo objetivo foi pesquisar quais tipos de crenças podemos detectar com o uso de diferentes instrumentos e procedimentos, investigando se estes afetam a maneira como os professores refletem sobre suas crenças e quais combinações entre eles são eficazes para a promoção de reflexão. O referencial teórico foi constituído de estudos sobre o pensamento do professor, crenças de professores e metodologia na investigação de crenças. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativo-interpretativista de natureza etnográfica, com cinco professoras de inglês de uma escola de línguas de uma cidade do interior de SP. Para a coleta de dados foram aplicados cinco instrumentos e procedimentos de pesquisa: questionário, grupo focal, auto-relato, observação de aulas e entrevistas (com a técnica stimulated recall). Os resultados mostraram que é possível levantar crenças sobre aprendizagem e ensino com os instrumentos e procedimentos selecionados e que os mesmos interferem na maneira como os professores refletem sobre suas crenças, entretanto, a combinação deles pode ser um bom caminho para o desencadeamento do processo reflexivo.

Environmental education and the health risk question: how do we educate the educators working with this theme?

Our society is presently seeing a trend of continuous increase of risk with severe consequences, especially those linked to environmental aspects. It has obligated us to reflect on this production and its effects, either positive or negative, and, after a long reflection, to think about the adopted model of civilization and the possibilities of changing such a model. The educational institution is among the social departments responsible for this revision process, since it represents one possibility to promote a more critical vision from society, providing it with tools needed for a more responsible action. However, schools are dominated by a traditional work, which does not allow for enough and proper attention to these relevant and current questions, and which involve a critical analysis of the conceptions and values established by our civilization, resulting in the present patterns of science-technology-society relations and their influence on the environment and health. Several research works have indicated a diversity of barriers that obstruct this necessary change. Since formal education plays an important role in the education of society for this theme, in this paper the possibilities and difficulty dealing with this problem are discussed, focusing on the question of teacher education, based on investigations related to teacher education programs for environmental education. The data collected show the urgency for introducing this theme in teacher training programs, taking into account the fact that educators have their own conceptions, values and attitudes that should be considered in these programs.