Actituds ling����stiques i identitats en construcci�� de joves immigrants xinesos i llatinoamericans a l���escola catalana

Aquest projecte ha investigat el proc��s de construcci�� de la identitat ling����stica i cultural dels joves llatinoamericans i xinesos a partir de l���an��lisi de les seves actituds ling����stiques i percepcions respecte a la identitat cultural i els usos ling����stics propis. Hem escollit joves d���ensenyament secundari procedents de dos contextos diferenciats: (a) llatinoamericans que entren en el sistema educatiu amb ple domini d���una de les lleng��es oficials, el castell��, i (b) xinesos que inicien estudis als centres sense dominar cap llengua rom��nica. La recerca s���ha dut a terme amb una perspectiva etnogr��fica en dos centres escolars on conviuen joves d���or��gens ling����stics i culturals diferents. Gr��cies als vincles creats amb docents dels centres, hem pogut posar en pr��ctica una metodologia d���observaci�� participant en diversos espais escolars. Tamb�� hem realitzat entrevistes a joves llatinoamericans i xinesos durant les quals hem investigat pr��ctiques ling����stiques i experi��ncies quotidianes al centre relacionades amb l���aprenentatge de lleng��es, aix�� com actituds vers les lleng��es oficials i les lleng��es de l���entorn familiar i vers la pluralitat d���identitats a Catalunya. Tot i que en un inici ten��em la intenci�� d���entrevistar joves aut��ctons, finalment ens hem concentrat nom��s en joves immigrants amb l���objectiu de maximitzar els recursos humans i pressupostaris. Mitjan��ant observacions i entrevistes amb docents, hem esbrinat com interpreten i aborden els reptes de la diversitat. En el cas d���un centre, tamb�� hem entrevistat la mediadora social que facilita les relacions entre els progenitors i el centre. Mitjan��ant entrevistes amb progenitors dels joves, hem investigat usos i actituds ling����stiques d���ells i dels seus fills, aix�� com actituds al nucli familiar vers la pluralitat cultural i identit��ria a Catalunya. Les entrevistes han estat transcrites, tradu��des i analitzades en relaci�� a les observacions de camp, tot tenint en compte estudis i marcs te��rics previs.

Compet��ncies i factors clau per a l�����xit educatiu des de la perspectiva dels estudiants universitaris fills/es dels immigrants

L���estudi realitzat ha abordat quines s��n les compet��ncies i els factors clau que estudiants universitaris d���origen immigrant consideren que han estat claus per arribar a la universitat, assolint aix�� l�����xit educatiu. S���han escollit estudiants que haguessin fet l���escolaritat obligat��ria total o parcialment a Catalunya.Per dur a terme la recerca s���ha treballat amb relats de vida (un total de 13 escrits) i narracions audiovisuals (amb un total de 4 produccions), essent finalment 17 les evid��ncies v��lides. Finalment, s���ha elaborat, administrat i processat un q��estionari d���opini�� que s���ha rem��s a 2472 estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona, dels quals hem aconseguit 128 respostes considerades v��lides. Els relats s���han analitzat amb un procediment inductiu, procedint a una lectura exhaustiva de les paraules dels participants i anant identificant quines s��n les compet��ncies i els factors clau que ells consideraven que els havien ajudat a arribar a la universitat o que, tot i no ser ells conscients, nosaltres identific��vem com a tals. Pel que fa a les narracions audiovisuals, es va dur a terme una an��lisi tant del contingut, tenint com a refer��ncia els resultats obtinguts als relats escrits, com d���aspectes m��s t��cnics, centrats en la imatge i el so. Per acabar, els q��estionaris s���han analitzat a partir de processos b��sics d���estad��stica descriptiva. Pel que fa als resultats obtinguts, respecte a l���eix de compet��ncies, la m��s destacada ��s la d���autonomia i iniciativa personals, lligada a la responsabilitat i autoexig��ncia. Respecte a l���eix d�����xit educatiu, destaca el paper del professorat, tant pel suport que els ofereixen com per les expectatives que dipositen en ells. I, per acabar, respecte a l���eix d���inclusi�� social, els aspectes que l���afavoreixen es centren sobretot en el recolzament de la fam��lia, en l���entorn m��s immediat i en el fet d���entendre la possibilitat de viure amb altres cultures com un enriquiment.

Young people, parents and radical right voting: The case of the Swiss People's Party

It is commonly found that young people tend to adopt the political party choice of their parents. However, far less is known about the applicability of this theory when investigating radical right support. Using the Swiss Household panel data (1999e2007), this study empirically identifies the relationship between parents' preference for the Swiss radical right party SVP and their attitudes toward immigrants and the EU, and their offspring's preference for the SVP. Disaggregating fathers' and mothers' influence reveals that in particular, mothers' SVP support plays a role in SVP support among young people, even after controlling for educational similarities. We also demonstrate that girls are more likely to be influenced by their mothers than are boys. Furthermore, parents' negative attitudes toward the EU exert a positive influence on their children's radical right voting, independent of their voting pattern.

Altruism, dispersal, and phenotype-matching kin recognition.

We investigate the coevolution between philopatry and altruism in island-model populations when kin recognition occurs through phenotype matching. In saturated environments, a good discrimination ability is a necessary prerequisite for the emergence of sociality. Discrimination decreases not only with the average phenotypic similarity between immigrants and residents (i.e., with environmental homogeneity and past gene flow) but also with the sampling variance of similarity distributions (a negative function of the number of traits sampled). Whether discrimination should rely on genetically or environmentally determined traits depends on the apportionment of phenotypic variance and, in particular, on the relative values of e (the among-group component of environmental variance) and r (the among-group component of genetic variance, which also measures relatedness among group members). If r exceeds e, highly heritable cues do better. Discrimination and altruism, however, remain low unless philopatry is enforced by ecological constraints. If e exceeds r, by contrast, nonheritable traits do better. High e values improve discrimination drastically and thus have the potential to drive sociality, even in the absence of ecological constraints. The emergence of sociality thus can be facilitated by enhancing e, which we argue is the main purpose of cue standardization within groups, as observed in many social insects, birds, and mammals, including humans.

Connecting The Dots: What Is The Current Process ForReintegrating Cape Verdean Immigrants Deported From The United States?

The current issue of deportation is a global concern that is demanding the attention of human rights leaders, activists and global citizens. Small island nations, such as, the Cape Verde Islands, are experiencing difficulties reintegrating deported immigrants arriving from both the United States and Europe. According to the Consulate of Cape Verde���s database, one Cape Verdean immigrant was deported in 1987. Twenty years later, 108 deportation cases are pending���the highest number of pending cases to date. This issue is a reflection of the Western countries��� immigration and human rights policies that are affecting many developing countries. This capstone research focuses primarily on the reintegration program managed by the Cape Verdean government, the reintegration process of the deported immigrants from the United States and the islanders��� experiences throughout this process. This issue is examined through the eyes of a Cape Verdean immigrant living in the United States witnessing first hand the negative impacts these immigration policies have had, and continue to have, in the Cape Verdean community in the United States and in Cape Verde. Research was collected through various formal and informal interviews and published documents on this topic. Analysis of the data has revealed that the government���s reintegration program is experiencing difficulties with implementation and financial sustainability. Moreover, the deportees��� reintegration experience varied based on access to government assistance and their interaction with island residents. Subsequently, it is recommended that the reintegration program be evaluated with the purpose to reorganize under new leadership.

The prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in immigrant groups in Switzerland.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) between immigrant groups and Swiss nationals. METHODS: The Swiss Health Surveys (SHS, N��=��49,245) and CoLaus study (N��=��6,710) were used. Immigrant groups from France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, former Yugoslavia, other European and other countries were defined. RESULTS: Immigrants from Italy, France, Portugal, Spain and former Yugoslavia presented a higher prevalence of smoking than Swiss nationals. Immigrants reported less hypertension than Swiss nationals, but the differences were reduced when blood pressure measurements were used. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was similar between immigrants and Swiss nationals in the SHS. When eligibility for statin treatment was assessed, immigrants from Italy were more frequently eligible than Swiss nationals. Immigrants from former Yugoslavia presented a lower prevalence of diabetes in the SHS, but a higher prevalence in the CoLaus study. Most differences between immigrant groups and Swiss nationals disappeared after adjusting for age, leisure-time physical activity, being overweight/obesity and education. CONCLUSIONS: Most CVRFs are unevenly distributed among immigrant groups in Switzerland, but these differences are due to disparities in age, leisure-time physical activity, being overweight/obesity and education.

Health care to immigrant and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal

This study aimed to assess the care received and the barriers faced by immigrants and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal. This is an exploratory qualitative study, resorting to applying semi-structured interviews to 60 immigrant and 22 Portuguese women. Content analysis supported by QSR Nvivo10 program was used. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee. The results showed four categories related to affective dimensions-relational, cognitive, technical-instrumental and health care policy for pregnant women. As for the barriers in health care, these were mentioned by some of the expectant mothers, especially immigrant women. Almost all, both immigrant and Portuguese, pregnant women were satisfied with the health care.

Migrating concepts: Immigrant integration and the regulation of religious dress in France and Canada

Religion in general, and Islam in particular, has become one of the main focal points of policy-making and constitutional politics in many Western liberal states. This article proposes to examine the legal and political dynamics behind new regulations targeting individual religious practices of Muslims. Although one could presuppose that church-state relations or the understanding of secularism is the main factor accounting for either accommodation or prohibition of Muslim religious practices, I make the case that the policy frame used to conceptualize the integration of immigrants in each national context is a more significant influence on how a liberal state approaches the legal regulation of individual practices such as veiling. However, this influence must be assessed carefully since it may have different effects on the different institutional actors in charge of regulating religion, such as the Courts and the legislature. To assess these hypotheses I compare two countries, France and Canada, which are solid examples of two contrasting national policy frames for the integration of immigrants.

Immigration and housing booms: Evidence from Spain

We estimate empirically the effect of immigration on house prices and residentialconstruction activity in Spain over the period 1998-2008. This decade is characterized by both aspectacular housing market boom and a stunning immigration wave. We exploit the variation inimmigration across Spanish provinces and construct an instrument based on the historicallocation patterns of immigrants by country of origin. The evidence points to a sizeable causaleffect of immigration on both prices and quantities in the housing market. Between 1998 and2008, the average Spanish province received an immigrant inflow equal to 17% of the initialworking-age population. We estimate that this inflow increased house prices by about 52% andis responsible for 37% of the total construction of new housing units during the period. Thesefigures imply that immigration can account for roughly one third of the housing boom, both interms of prices and new construction.

Perception of the damaging effects of smoking, and brief cessation counselling by doctors.

An open prospective study was conducted among the patients visiting an urban medical policlinic for the first time without an appointment to assess whether the immigrants (who represent more than half of our patients) are aware of the health effects of smoking, whether the level of acculturation influences knowledge, and whether doctors give similar advice to Swiss and foreign smokers. 226 smokers, 105 Swiss (46.5%), and 121 foreign-born (53.5%), participated in the study. 32.2% (95% CI [24.4%; 41.1%]) of migrants and 9.6% [5.3%; 16.8%] of Swiss patients were not aware of negative effects of smoking. After adjustment for age, the multivariate model showed that the estimated odds of "ignorance of health effects of smoking" was higher for people lacking mastery of the local language compared with those mastering it (odds ratio (OR) = 7.5 [3.6; 15.8], p < 0.001), and higher for men (OR = 4.3 [1.9; 10.0], p < 0.001). Advice to stop smoking was given with similar frequency to immigrants (31.9% [24.2%; 40.8%] and Swiss patients (29.0% [21.0%; 38.5%]). Nonintegrated patients did not appear to receive less counselling than integrated patients (OR = 1.1 [0.6; 2.1], p = 0.812). We conclude that the level of knowledge among male immigrants not integrated or unable to speak the local language is lower than among integrated foreign-born and Swiss patients. Smoking cessation counselling by a doctor was only given to a minority of patients, but such counselling seemed irrespective of nationality.

Active civic participation of immigrants in Portugal

Portugal���s historical past strongly influences the composition of the country���s immigrant population. The main third-country foreign nationals in Portugal originate traditionally from Portuguese-speaking African countries (namely Cape Verde, Angola, Guinea Bissau, and S. Tom�� e Pr��ncipe) and Brazil. In 2001, a newly created immigrant status entitled ���permanence��� authorization uncovered a quantitative and a qualitative change in the structure of immigrant population in Portugal. First, there was a quantitative jump from 223.602 foreigners in 2001 to 364.203 regularized foreigners in 2003. Secondly, there was a substantial qualitative shift in the composition of immigrants. The majority of the new immigrants began coming from Eastern European countries, such as Ukraine, Moldavia, Romania, and the Russian Federation. Thus, European countries outside the E.U. zone now rank second (after African countries) in their contribution of individuals to the stocks of immigrant population in Portugal. The differences between the new and traditional immigration flows are visible in the geographical distribution of immigrants and in their insertion into the labour market. While the traditional flows would congregate around the metropolitan area of Lisbon and in the Algarve, the new migratory flows tend to be more geographically dispersed and present in less urbanized areas of Portugal. In terms of insertion in the labour market, although the construction sector is still the most important industry for immigrant labour, Eastern European workers may also be found in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. The institutional conditions that encourage immigrants��� civic participation are divided at three different levels: the state, the local, and the civil society levels. At the state level, the High Commissioner for Migrations and Ethnic Minorities is the main organizational structure along with a set of interrelated initiatives operating under specific regulatory frameworks, which act as mediators between state officials and the Portuguese civil society, and more specifically, immigrant communities. At the local level, some municipalities created consultative councils and municipal departments aiming at encouraging the participation and representation of interests from immigrant groups and association in local policies. In the civil society sphere, the main actors in Portugal spurring immigrants civic participation are immigrant associations, mainstream associations directed toward immigration topics, and unions. The legal conditions framing immigrants��� access to social housing, education, health, and social security in Portugal are also considered to be positive. Conditions restricting immigrants��� civic participation are mainly normative and include the Portuguese nationality law, the regulations shaping the political participation of immigrants, namely in what concerns their right to vote, and employment regulations restricting immigrants��� access to public administration positions. Part II of the report focuses on the active civic participation of third country immigrants. First, reasons for the lack of research on this issue in Portugal are explained. On the one hand, the recent immigration history and the more urgent needs regarding school and economic integration kept this issue out of the research spotlight. On the other hand, it was just in the beginning of the 1990s that immigrants took the very first steps toward collective mobilisation. Secondly, the literature review of Portuguese bibliography covers research on third country immigrants��� associative movement, research on local authorities��� policies and discussion about ethnic politics and political mobilisation of immigrants in Portugal. As political mobilisation of these groups has been made mainly through ethnic and/or migrant organisations, a brief history of immigrants' associative movement is given. Immigrant associations develop multiple roles, covering the social, the cultural, the economic and the political domains. Political claiming for the regularisation of illegal immigrants has been a permanent and important field of intervention since the mid-1990s. Research results reveal the com5 plex relations between ethnic mobilisation and the set of legal and institutional frameworks developed by local and national governmental authorities targeted to the incorporation of minority groups. Case studies on the Oeiras district and on the Amadora district are then presented. Conclusions underline that the most active immigrant groups are those from Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau, since these groups have constituted a higher number of ethnic associations, give priority to political claiming and present a more politicised discourse. Reflecting on the future of research on civic participation of third country immigrants in Portugal, the authors state that it would be interesting and relevant to compare the Portuguese situation with those of other European countries, with an older immigration history, and analyse how the Portuguese immigrants��� associative movement will be affected by a changing legal framework and the emergence of new opportunities within the set of structures regarding the political participation of minority groups.

Trade, migration and regional unemployment

We formulate a dynamic core-periphery model with frictions in the job matching process to study the interplay between trade costs, migration and regional unemploymentin the short- and long-run. We find that the spatial distribution of unemployment mirrors (inversely) the distribution of economic activities. Further, we highlight a contrast between the short-run and the long-run effects of trade-induced migration on regional unemployment. In particular, an in��ow of immigrants from the periphery into the core reduces the unemployment gap in the short-run, but exacerbates unemployment disparities in the long-run.

The State of the Immigrant Body and the Body of the State: Negotiations at the Interface

Using an ethnographic analysis of the social interfaces between state agents and Cape Verdean students in Portugal, observed through participant observation in medical appointments, social work, immigration services and legal support to immigrants, this article aims to examine disciplinary state practices and the negotiations and power struggles that take place. The ethnographic cases discussed demonstrate how the idea of a fair and neutral state is simultaneously reproduced and denied in practice, thus elucidating the state as a symbol of union of an effective disunity. The ethnographic examples also indicate other dimensions of state practice, besides micro-disciplinary powers, which create room for flexibility and adaptation. And it is in this sense that ethnographies of interfaces between state and citizen offer a more relative perspective of excessively systematic interpretations of governmentality, illustrating how the effects of contradictory state practices are as unpredictable as human action itself.

Immigration and the survival of the welfare state

This paper analyzes the political sustainability of the welfare state in a model where immigration policy is also endogenous. In the model, the skills of the native population are affected by immigration and skill accumulation. Moreover, immigrants affect future policies, once they gain the right to vote. The main finding is that the long-run survival of redistributive policies is linked to an immigration policy specifying both skill and quantity restrictions. In particular, in steady state the unskilled majority admits a limited inflow of unskilled immigrants in order to offset growth in the fraction of skilled voters and maintain a high degree of income redistribution.Interestingly, equilibrium immigration policy shifts from unrestricted skilled immigration,when the country is skill-scarce, to restricted unskilled immigration, as the fraction of native skilled workers increases. The analysis also suggests a new set of variables that may help explain international differences in immigration restrictions.

Protective or counter-productive? Labor market institutions and the effect of immigration on EU natives

We estimate the effect of immigrant flows on native employment in WesternEurope, and then ask whether the employment consequences of immigrationvary with institutions that affect labor market flexibility. Reducedflexibility may protect natives from immigrant competition in the nearterm, but our theoretical framework suggests that reduced flexibility islikely to increase the negative impact of immigration on equilibriumemployment. In models without interactions, OLS estimates for a panel ofEuropean countries in the 1980s and 1990s show small, mostly negativeimmigration effects. To reduce bias from the possible endogeneity ofimmigration flows, we use the fact that many immigrants arriving after1991 were refugees from the Balkan wars. An IV strategy based onvariation in the number of immigrants from former Yugoslavia generateslarger though mostly insignificant negative estimates. We then estimatemodels allowing interactions between the employment response toimmigration and institutional characteristics including business entrycosts. These results, limited to the sample of native men, generallysuggest that reduced flexibility increases the negative impact ofimmigration. Many of the estimated interaction terms are significant,and imply a significant negative effect on employment in countrieswith restrictive institutions.