Estratégias de internacionalização: investimentos diretos externos de multinacionais brasileiras

With the improvement of the international trade on the last decades, the Brazilian firms are searching to operate beyond the national borders in order to guarantee its presence on the key markets. The dissertation aimed to analyze the motivations and the strategies of internationalization implemented by the firms: Petrobras, Vale, Embraer, Gerdau and Marcopolo as well as determine the existence of a dominant strategy. In order to do that, Dunning¿s eclectic paradigm and the strategies of internationalization supported by him were revised along with the main literature from Brazilian authors on the internationalization process of the selected firms. The comparative analysis between the strategies of internationalization selected and the industrial sector, origin of capital and the preferred mode of entrance on the markets were done through an exploratory research, with a qualitative character and collection of secondary data from the internationalization process of the firms. At the end of this research, it was possible to identify that each firm had adopted a predominant strategy however it was also possible to observe that new strategies were aggregated in complementation of the previous one. Besides that, no evidence was found between the predominant strategy of internationalization and the origin of the capital neither with the preferred mode of entrance.

Transnacionais Brasileiras: análise de incentivos e apoio governamental

O objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar os incentivos encontrados pelas transnacionais brasileiras para internacionalizar suas operações, além de ter como objetivos específicos descrever o ambiente em que as transnacionais brasileiras realizam seus processos de expansão internacional e identificar as políticas públicas e agências governamentais de apoio ao investimento direto brasileiro. Para tal, a dissertação leva em consideração a emergência das transnacionais no ambiente internacional, colocando pontos favoráveis deste processo tanto para empresas quanto para estados, trazendo este aspecto teórico para o caso específico do Brasil. Analisamos então o setor externo do país, bem como a lógica por trás de suas transnacionais e das políticas públicas por parte do estado brasileiro. Por último, é feita uma análise qualitativa multicasos acerca dos incentivos encontrados pelas transnacionais brasileiras para expandir suas operações internacionalmente.

Imunidade tributária dos livros, jornais, periódicos e o papel destinado a sua impressão: aspectos constitucionais e seu alcance frente aos novos meios eletrônicos

A presente monografia tem como objetivo analisar a imunidade tributária dos livros, jornais, periódicos e o papel destinado a sua impressão, mais especificamente quanto aos seus aspectos constitucionais e seu alcance frente aos novos meios eletrônicos. Para tanto, busca discutir o conceito de imunidade tributária e definir a sua forma de regulação; bem como examinar o alcance do art. 150, VI, “d”, da Constituição Federal, apresentando os valores protegidos pela Constituição. Para tanto, busca analisar doutrinas e jurisprudências acerca da aplicação ou não da imunidade tributária frente aos novos meios eletrônicos. E, especialmente, o presente estudo procura verificar o alcance do dispositivo 150, VI, “d”, da Constituição Federal e do art. 9, IV, “d”, do Código Tributário Nacional, frente aos novos meios eletrônicos, levando em consideração o avanço tecnológico da sociedade brasileira.

Crise econômica, dispensa coletiva & preservação de empregos

A crise financeira mundial ocorrida nos EUA em 2008 que atingiu grande parte dos mercados globalizados teve como um de seus efeitos a ocorrência de dispensas coletivas nas empresas, no Brasil, notadamente, com o caso Embraer. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho busca analisar as dispensas coletivas cotejando a preservação de empregos conforme os ditames da Constituição Federal de 1988. Para isso, será apresentado os mecanismos legais previstos na legislação trabalhista brasileira e a decisão dos Tribunais a qual constituiu o precedente do caso Embraer. Oportunamente, será estudado as formas alternativas à demissão em massa existentes no Brasil e demonstrada as soluções previstas no Direito Comparado. A partir dos argumentos expostos, será criticado o projeto de lei existente na Câmara dos Deputados e indicada a possível resposta para a omissão legislativa presente em nosso ordenamento jurídico à luz das normas constitucionais.

Business diplomacy: the compass rose of foreign markets

With transnational corporations (TNCs) around the world today numbering over 60,000 and more than 800,000 affiliates working abroad, it is easy to understand how modern day international business could have transformed into a major global player serving at the axis of politics, social and environmental responsibility. Additionally, with accountability to a large variety of both public and private stakeholders, all exerting significant power and influence, today’s global corporate structure is reinventing modern international relations, and in some cases, dominating it. (Muldoon 2005) This transformative nature of globalization today can also serve as a source of friction among this growing chorus of players and is bringing irreversible change to these relationships and how they impact and influence business around the world. (Muldoon 2005) From the largest to the smallest international corporation seeking to expand into new international markets, the challenges that come with corporate ambition can mean the difference between success and failure and they find a home at the intersection of international relations, diplomacy and economics. To successfully navigate these challenges, especially in emerging economies, a company must now factor in more than just the “bottom line” and address complex issues that include human rights differences, environmental regulations, labor rights and values of each country. (Henisz, 2014) Combined with modern-day mobility achieved through technology and the Internet, corporations today have a great capacity to reach targeted audiences and establish a presence, but it is this same technology that also allows for immediate response to any corporate action. This constant, 24-hour news cycle, where everyone is made to be a real-time reporter through social media, has created a situation that demonstrably necessitates the ability to not only 3 respond immediately, but also to have real-time understanding of the challenges faced by a corporation as it looks toward global expansion. International Business Diplomacy, or simply Business Diplomacy as it will be referred to in this paper, combines all of these nuanced factors into a relatively new discipline that offers companies looking to expand into new markets, guidelines and directives so that they can more strategically map corporate direction, limit risk and achieve their objectives. This paper will examine the history of diplomacy and how the concept of statecraft became intertwined with the increasing globalization of business. Following a scholarly examination of how modern Business Diplomacy came into being, and the unique challenges that come with its application, particularly the liabilities needed to be overcome, this paper will apply the concept to the Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer, tracking its strategic emergence from a small, regionally focused aircraft producer to global leader in the regional and executive jet market platforms. It will then examine Embraer’s entrance into the Chinese market, where the company suffered from several missteps and eventually had to refocus its business model from commercial to executive jets. Finally, as globalization continues to “emancipate international business from its institutional and social constraints,” (Muldoon 2005) this paper will address how the relatively new and emerging discipline of Business Diplomacy is continuing to mature and grow in stature and influence through the proposition of a new challenge or “liability” that corporations must also overcome as they expand into new markets. Through the analysis of Embraer in China, this paper will introduce the Liability of Governance to the lexicon of Business Diplomacy and propose specific steps that a company can undertake to avoid it.

Análise do efeito higrotérmico no comportamento em fadiga de compósitos de PPS/fibras de carbono

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures

Weight reduction and improved damage tolerance characteristics were the prime drivers to develop new family of materials for the aerospace/ aeronautical industry. Aiming this objective, a new lightweight Fiber/ Metal Laminate (FML) has been developed. The combination of metal and polymer composite laminates can create a synergistic effect on many properties. The mechanical properties of FML shows improvements over the properties of both aluminum alloys and composite materials individually. Due to their excellent properties, FML are being used as fuselage skin structures of the next generation commercial aircrafts. One of the advantages of FML when compared with conventional carbon fiber/epoxy composites is the low moisture absorption. The moisture absorption in FML composites is slower when compared with polymer composites, even under the relatively harsh conditions, due to the barrier of the aluminum outer layers. Due to this favorable atmosphere, recently big companies such as EMBRAER, Aerospatiale, Boing, Airbus, and so one, starting to work with this kind of materials as an alternative to save money and to guarantee the security of their aircrafts.

Finite element analysis of warpage in laminated aluminium alloy plates for machining of primary aeronautic parts

The aim of this paper consists in presenting a method of simulating the warpage in 7xxx series aluminium alloy plates. To perform this simulation finite element software MSC.Patran and MSC.Marc were used. Another result of this analysis will be the influence on material residual stresses induced on the raw material during the rolling process upon the warpage of primary aeronautic parts, fabricated through machining (milling) at Embraer. The method used to determinate the aluminium plate residual stress was Layer Removal Test. The numerical algorithm Modified Flavenot Method was used to convert layer removal and beam deflection in stress level. With such information about the level and profile of residual stresses become possible, during the step that anticipate the manufacturing to incorporate these values in the finite-element approach for modelling warpage parts. Based on that warpage parameter surely the products are manufactured with low relative vulnerability propitiating competitiveness and price. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Estudos dos efeitos no comportamento em fadiga das camadas de níquel eletrolítico, processo sulfamato, em aços de alta resistência

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Influência na vida em fadiga da espessura das camadas de níquel e cromo duro em aço ABNT 4340

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Sistema de Gestão Integrado: a implantação de uma parceria no município de São José dos Campos

O artigo pretende descrever e analisar a implantação da parceria que se firmou entre a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Jose dos Campos e o Instituto Embraer de Educação e Pesquisa, sob a consultoria da Fundação Pitágoras com o objetivo de instalar um modelo de gestão empresarial na rede de ensino municipal. Para tanto, utilizou-se, dados de matrículas, documentos oficiais e entrevistas realizadas em 2008, com representantes do Instituto Embraer, Fundação Pitágoras e Secretaria Municipal de Educação. O artigo evidencia que a adesão ao modelo de gestão empresarial nomeado Sistema de Gestão Integrado (SGI) não se deu pela necessidade, mas pela oferta do Instituto Embraer. Além disso, constatamos que a parceria não pode garantir a prometida educação pública de “qualidade” na perspectiva já que organiza o sistema educacional em moldes empresariais visto que o SGI pode influenciar na responsabilidade dos estabelecimentos de ensino ao elaborar e executar a sua proposta pedagógica, prejudicando a autonomia pedagógica das escolas.

Caracterização microestrutural de uma estrutura tubular aeronáutica submetida a sucessivos reparos de solda TIG

This work examines the possible effects of successive repair procedures on the microstructure of welded steel SAE 4130 by TIG welding process. Discussions and results were made about the metallographic analysis , non-metallic inclusions and microhardness tests , which were conducted on samples taken from the cradle engine component after the end of its life , a model airplane T-27 Tucano , made by EMBRAER and belonging were performed FAB . The choice of such component is due to the fact that this is critical to flight safety since it provides support for the aircraft engine . Thus regions of the weld metal , base metal and heat affected , with samples of the original weld bead , free of weld bead and also with four rework procedures for TIG welding zone were analyzed . It was found that after the fourth rework there is an increase in the amount of martensite , which may weaken the material with respect to resistance to fatigue. It was also found that the regions of the heat affected zone and weld metal have higher microhardness values when compared to those found in the base metal due to favoring the formation of ferritic and tempered martensite microstructures . Moreover, a welding process promotes a region with less non-metallic inclusions than metal base , which also explains the difference in the results obtained

Analise mecânica e microestrutural em estruturas tubulares aeronáuticas soldadas de aço ABNT 4130

Airplane Motor Cradles have a complex geometry, since they require different conbinations between different tubes and TIG welded in several angles. In T-25 aircraft and Universal T-27 Tucano (EMBRAER / FAB), besides having to bear the engine balance, these components maintain fixed the nose landing gear in another extremity. They are considered critical to flight safety, and for this reason, the aviation standards are extremely rigid in their production, imposing a zero index” of defects on the final weld metal quality. These structures may be containing an historical of welding repairs, whose effects on their structural integrity are not computed. In this work we analyzed the standardised AISI 4130 steel and the raw steel of tubes to the Airplane Motor Cradles. First of all, microscopy and microanalysis of the base steel, then we analyzed the effects of the TIG weld. Tensile testing was conducted to measure the difference between the mechanical properties of standardised steel and without this treatment

Avaliação mecânica da colagem estrutural entre compósitos poliméricos e materiais metálicos utilizados em dutos petroquímicos

The development of technology for structural composites has as one of its ends form a set of materials that combine high values of mechanical strength and stiffness and low density. Today, companies like Embraer and PETROBRAS and research institutions like NASA, working with these materials with recognized advantages in terms of weight gain, increased performance and low corrosion. We have developed a systematic study to determine the bond strength between composite carbon fiber / epoxy and fiberglass / epoxy laminate both bonded to a carbon steel which are widely used in the petrochemical industry and repair. For morphological evaluation and bonding between materials of different natures, ultrasound analysis, optical microscopy and stereoscopy were performed. To simulate actual conditions, the composites were subjected to conditioning by using heat shock temperatures from -50 to 80 ° C for 1000 cycles for composite carbon fiber / epoxy composites and 2000 cycles for fiberglass / epoxy . The use of composites studied here proved to be efficient to perform repairs in metallic pipes with application petrochemical, as when exposed to sudden changes of temperature (-50 ° to 80 ° C) cycling at 1000 to 2000 times, its mechanical properties (shear and tensile) practically do not change

Avaliação do efeito ambiental nas propriedades mecânicas e viscoelásticas de compósitos híbridos de titânio/fibra de carbono/resina epóxi

Hybrid composites combining metal plates and laminates with continuous fiber reinforced polymer, called fiber-metal (CHMF), have been particularly attractive for aerospace applications, due mainly to their high mechanical strength and stiffness associated with low density. These laminates (CHMF) consist of a sandwich structure consisting of layers of polymer composites and metal plates, stacked alternately. This setting allows you to combine the best mechanical performance of polymer composites reinforced with long fibers, to the high toughness of metals. Environmental effects should always be considered in the design of structural components, because these materials in applications are submitted to the effects of moisture in the atmosphere, the large cyclical variations of temperature around 82 ° C to -56 ° C, and high effort mechanical. The specimens of fibermetal composite were prepared at EMBRAER with titanium plates and laminates of carbon fiber/epoxy resin. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different environmental conditions (water immersion, hygrothermal chamber and thermal shock) of laminate hybrid titanium/carbon fiber/epoxy resin. The effects of conditioning were evaluated by interlaminar shear tests - ILSS, tensile, and vibration free