827 resultados para Distributed generation source
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A presente dissertação de mestrado avalia os afundamentos e a estabilidade de tensão de um sistema elétrico real com inserção de parques eólicos. Os estudos de afundamentos de tensão servem de base para a determinação das áreas de vulnerabilidade do sistema elétrico, nas quais, por sua vez, são investigados os aspectos referentes à instabilidade de tensão ocasionada pela integração de parques eólicos com geradores assíncronos. Para este fim, é utilizado o programa computacional ANAQUALI, desenvolvido pelo CEPEL (Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica). No estudo do comportamento dinâmico da tensão decorrente de curto-circuito, no qual o sistema eólico é inserido nas concepções de velocidade fixa e velocidade variável, utiliza-se um programa computacional desenvolvido no aplicativo MATLABTM. Os resultados dessas simulações evidenciam que o sistema eólico de velocidade variável proporciona uma maior margem de estabilidade de tensão ao sistema elétrico, devido à presença do controle de velocidade e de tensão. Estes estudos não são comumente aplicados aos sistemas de geração distribuída, e por isso, esta dissertação contribui também neste aspecto, podendo seus resultados servir de base para o planejamento de centrais cólicas inseridas em sistemas elétricos convencionais.
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Fontes renováveis de energia baseadas na geração fotovoltaica (GFV) são alternativas energéticas promissoras para a complementação da geração elétrica convencional e centralizada, como usinas térmicas a diesel que suprem potência para redes elétricas isoladas em cidades e localidades remotas na Amazônia. A alocação e o dimensionamento de geradores para aplicação como geração distribuída (GD) é um problema desafiador, com implicações técnicas e econômicas, relacionadas ao planejamento, projeto e operação da rede e, particularmente, a GFV em função das condições ambientais, principalmente radiação solar e temperatura ambiente. Esta tese apresenta uma metodologia analítica para alocar e dimensionar a potência ativa de unidades de geração fotovoltaica, composta pelo gerador FV integrado ao inversor CC/CA (GDFV) para integração, de forma concentrada ou dispersa em redes isoladas de média tensão, e contempla o atendimento de múltiplos objetivos, melhoria do perfil de tensão da rede, redução das perdas ativas e redução da participação da geração a diesel, proporcionando redução no consumo de óleo diesel e, consequentemente, redução da poluição ambiental. A solução global do método proposto constitui um compromisso em relação a esses objetivos, apresentando ponderações diferenciadas para os mesmos, de acordo com prioridades estabelecidas no planejamento do sistema elétrico sob estudo. Para validação da metodologia proposta, foram modeladas e simuladas as redes de 33 e 69 barras do IEEE e um sistema elétrico isolado, cuja usina térmica a diesel supre alimentação para a cidade de Aveiro-PA, Região Amazônica, obtendo-se como resultados dessas simulações melhoria significativa no perfil de tensão, redução nas perdas ativas e na potência de geração a diesel, de acordo com indicadores técnicos que permitem a avaliação quantitativa da integração da GDFV na rede elétrica.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Objective - For patients with medication refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), surgery offers the hope of a cure. However, up to 30% of patients with MTLE continue to experience disabling seizures after surgery. The reasons why some patients do not achieve seizure freedom are poorly understood. A promising theory suggests that epileptogenic networks are broadly distributed in surgically refractory MTLE, involving regions beyond the medial temporal lobe. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the distribution of epileptogenic networks in MTLE using Bayesian distributed EEG source analysis from preoperative ictal onset recordings. This analysis has the advantage of generating maps of source probability, which can be subjected to voxel-based statistical analyses.Methods - We compared 10 patients who achieved post-surgical seizure freedom with 10 patients who continued experiencing seizures after surgery. Voxel-based Wilcoxon tests were employed with correction for multiple comparisons.Results - We observed that ictal EEG source intensities were significantly more likely to occur in lateral temporal and posterior medial temporal regions in patients with continued seizures post-surgery.Conclusions - Our findings support the theory of broader spatial distribution of epileptogenic networks at seizure onset in patients with surgically refractory MTLE.
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Due to the high value of the bill that the Brazilian has been paying, one of the most expensive in the world, is becoming increasingly attractive the option for renewable energy in form of distributed micro and minigeneration. In other words, the renewable energy sources are becoming attractive not only because of environmental concerns, but also due to economic issues. This has become even more relevant and concrete after approval of rules by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL) on 4/17/2012 (Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 of 04/17/2012) aimed at reducing barriers to installation of small distributed generation, including microgeneration, with up to 100 kW of power, and minigeneration, 100 kW to 1 MW. The Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 creates the Energy Clearing System, which allows consumers to install small generators in its consumer unit and exchange energy with the local distributor. The rule applies to generators that use renewable sources of energy (hydro, solar, biomass, wind and cogeneration qualified). In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a residential microgenerating plant composed of photovoltaic cells, solar panels and small wind turbines
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The Health Care Wastes (HCW) present serious risks to health and to the environment, if incorrectly managed, because in addition to the presence of pathogenic agents, the may pollute the soil and the water. Thus, a study was performed aiming at diagnosing the HCW management in Araraquara (SP), identifying the difficulties of the agents (municipal gestors and managers of institutions which generate this wastes) in implanting the HCW management Plan (HCWMP) proposed by ANVISA, in order to subside the HCWMP implantation. The methodology was based on question applications in health centers selected to be the samples, and on quantitative data related to the phases of Treatment and Final Disposal, provided by DAAE. As a result, it was observed that a great part of the interviewed centers managed these wastes according to norm RDC no 306/ 2004 of ANVISA. However, only 24% of the interviewed centers knew about this norm, and only 22% of them had the HCWMP. The difficulties in managing the HCW concentrated in the correct segregation of theses wastes in the generation source. The large number of people involved in this phase suggests the causes of the difficulties.
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Due to the high value of the bill that the Brazilian has been paying, one of the most expensive in the world, is becoming increasingly attractive the option for renewable energy in form of distributed micro and minigeneration. In other words, the renewable energy sources are becoming attractive not only because of environmental concerns, but also due to economic issues. This has become even more relevant and concrete after approval of rules by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL) on 4/17/2012 (Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 of 04/17/2012) aimed at reducing barriers to installation of small distributed generation, including microgeneration, with up to 100 kW of power, and minigeneration, 100 kW to 1 MW. The Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 creates the Energy Clearing System, which allows consumers to install small generators in its consumer unit and exchange energy with the local distributor. The rule applies to generators that use renewable sources of energy (hydro, solar, biomass, wind and cogeneration qualified). In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a residential microgenerating plant composed of photovoltaic cells, solar panels and small wind turbines
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This work presents a study about distributed generation using photovoltaic systems in the context of smart grids. The characteristics of a Smart Grid and the several aspects this concept involves - distributed generation among them - are discussed. There are also examples of equipment, like smart meters, and of national and international projects. The specificities of distributed generation and the rules and standards necessary in this sort of installation are talked through with focus in the solar energy generation method. Regarding photovoltaic systems, the working principles of the panels are presented, along with its main electrical characteristics and the technologies available. Finally there is a study concerning the sizing of a distributed generation system that involves photovoltaic panels in a residential plant. An analysis of the costs and return of investment period is made about the specific case in consideration.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS