Vulnerabilidades de gênero, práticas culturais e infecção pelo HIV em Maputo

A construção social do gênero feminino em Moçambique está baseada na submissão ao homem, influenciando a vulnerabilidade de gênero à infecção pelo HIV. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) e de profissionais de saúde (PS), da cidade de Maputo, em relação à vulnerabilidade de gênero e infecção pelo HIV. Participaram 33 PVHA e 15 PS, selecionados por conveniência, mediante a realização de grupos focais e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Dois eixos temáticos nortearam a análise: vulnerabilidade de gênero e práticas culturais tradicionais. A análise de conteúdo dos relatos verbais permitiu concluir que a vulnerabilidade feminina é maior, segundo a quase totalidade dos participantes, delineando categorias como submissão da mulher, dificuldade para negociar o uso do preservativo e influência das práticas culturais. O estudo possibilitou compreender melhor o contexto de vulnerabilidades que afetam cidadãos de Maputo, em especial as mulheres, em um país de prevalência elevada da epidemia. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

El relevo de género en la elaboración alfarera. El caso de las comunidades Guaitil y San Vicente, provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Resumen El artículo presenta un breve recorrido por la historia reciente de las comunidades alfareras costarricenses de Guaitil y San Vicente, en la región Chorotega. Profundiza en el cambio intergeneracional y el relevo de género que comprometen el mantenimiento de esta tradición ancestral. Asimismo introduce la importancia que tienen los sellos de calidad diferenciada por territorio, como las denominaciones de origen (DO): una herramienta de rescate, valoración y protección de estos saberes culturales. El aporte al conocimiento de la actividad alfarera en Guaitil y San Vicente presenta datos de un censo realizado por el centro especializado CadenAgro de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA) en los talleres artesanos. La información obtenida muestra un panorama para la gestión a largo plazo de la DO que garantice el mantenimiento de las prácticas culturales de las comunidades artesanas. Abstract The article presents a brief overview of the recent history of potter Costa Rican communities Guaitil and San Vicente, in the Chorotega region. It deepen is intergenerational change and gender relay involving the maintenance of this ancient tradition. It also introduces the importance of quality labels differentiated by territory, as designations of origin (DO): a rescue tool, valuation and protection of this cultural knowledge. The contribution to knowledge of the activity of pottery in San Vicente and Guaitil presents data from a census conducted by the specialized center CadenAgro of the National University of Costa Rica (UNA) in artisan workshops. The information obtained shows an overview for long-term management of DO to ensure the maintenance of the cultural practices of artisan communities.

Integração Lavoura-Pecuária em solo arenoso e clima quente: duas décadas de experiência.

Algumas características da região e da propriedade. Duas décadas de integração lavoura-pecuária: algumas percepções. O modelo de SILP usado na propriedade. Alguns resultados da propriedade. Identificação de alguns desafios do SILP.

Environmental factors correlated with the metabolite profile of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir berry skins along a European latitudinal gradient

Mature berries of Pinot Noir grapevines were sampled across a latitudinal gradient in Europe, from southern Spain to central Germany. Our aim was to study the influence of latitude-dependent environmental factors on the metabolite composition (mainly phenolic compounds) of berry skins. Solar radiation variables were positively correlated with flavonols and flavanonols and, to a lesser extent, with stilbenes and cinnamic acids. The daily means of global and erythematic UV solar radiation over long periods (bud break-veraison, bud break-harvest, and veraison-harvest), and the doses and daily means in shorter development periods (5–10 days before veraison and harvest) were the variables best correlated with the phenolic profile. The ratio between trihydroxylated and monohydroxylated flavonols, which was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, was the berry skin variable best correlated with those radiation variables. Total flavanols and total anthocyanins did not show any correlation with radiation variables. Air temperature, degree days, rainfall, and aridity indices showed fewer correlations with metabolite contents than radiation. Moreover, the latter correlations were restricted to the period veraison-harvest, where radiation, temperature, and water availability variables were correlated, making it difficult to separate the possible individual effects of each type of variable. The data show that managing environmental factors, in particular global and UV radiation, through cultural practices during specific development periods, can be useful to promote the synthesis of valuable nutraceuticals and metabolites that influence wine quality.

Semilla sin tierra

Semilla sin tierra es un documental web que expone la forma como diferentes comunidades afro provenientes de la región Pacífica colombiana que siguen conservando sus prácticas culturales en Bogotá a pesar de haber sufrido un desplazamiento y encontrarse lejos de su territorio y comunidad de origen.

Análisis de experiencias de resistencia no violenta en el departamento del Caquetá: los casos de la asociación RED UNIOS y la asociación por la vida del agua

El presente artículo académico busca analizar las prácticas culturales y métodos de resistencia noviolenta utilizados por las Comisiones por la Vida del Agua (CVA) de Valparaíso y la Asociación RED UNÍOS de San Vicente del Caguán, para preservar el territorio ante las políticas petroleras presentes en el Departamento del Caquetá, entre los años 2010 y 2016. A lo largo de la investigación se pretende dar cuenta de cómo dichas acciones, relacionadas en la tipificación de Gene Sharp como resistencias noviolentas, han construido una conciencia de preservación en algunas comunidades del departamento a través de los ejercicios de protesta, persuasión, intervención y no-cooperación. Para lograr dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis de documentos de la prensa oficial del departamento del Caquetá, de las redes sociales de las dos organizaciones mencionadas y un trabajo de campo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a los colaboradores de las mismas.

Evolução do índice de área foliar e índice SPAD da soja em função da densidade de semeadura.

2016

Desempenho produtivo da soja em resposta a densidades de plantas e níveis de adubação fosfatada e potássica.

2016

Una mirada al fenómeno de la violencia escolar en Costa Rica

In the current context of education, parents, students, teachers, media and other sectors of Costa Rican society, express concern about the problem of school violence, a social phenomenon that has been increasing in recent years. Its manifestations are perceived by means of abuse behavior, intimidation, verbal or physical abuse among youth, which are constructed through cultural practices. Therefore, to understand this problem, reflection about possible causes is in order, taking into account the context in which social interaction is developed in each school. Some of the manifestations of violence are rooted in the family, the community, the imitation of the behavioral patterns, and the influence of mass media. Moreover, these behaviors are reinforced by the current curriculum model, generating resistance to institutional rules.

I festival culturali come strumento di creazione di cittadinanza attiva: il caso di Arona Citta Teatro

DOMANDA DI RICERCA La cultura comprende il patrimonio collettivo materiale e immateriale, sia come frutto di pensiero e speculazione, sia come insieme di pratiche, compresi i festival. Con la loro ritualità e creazione di identità collettiva, i festival culturali hanno un impatto sociale, culturale ed economico sul territorio e sui cittadini coinvolti. Ma in che modo festival culturali, seppur con la loro temporaneità, contribuiscono alla creazione di cittadinanza attiva? TEORIE DI RIFERIMENTO La ricerca si inserisce nella crescente attenzione ai festival culturali nell'ambito degli Event Studies che approfondiscono le questioni relative a eventi e manifestazioni, compresi i festival. Allo scopo di comprendere se i festival siano dispositivi della crescita del benessere del territorio, si calerà il dibattito all’interno delle riflessioni sui temi dell’audience development e del welfare culturale. METODOLOGIA Il festival caso studio per la ricerca, seguendo alcuni criteri selettivi, è stato individuato come Teatro sull'Acqua, festival nato ad Arona nel 2011 diretto da Dacia Maraini. Il caso studio è stato analizzato in oltre un anno di osservazione (aprile 2021 - settembre 2022), con un approccio mixed method, combinano ricerca qualitativa e quantitativa, ovvero si sono effettuate l’osservazione partecipante; interviste semi-strutturata; quattro questionari. RISULTATI Tra i risultati raggiunti c'è l'individuazione delle tipologie di audience del festival analizzato. Il campione di riferimento restituisce l'immagine di un pubblico prevalentemente femminile, maturo, con un alto livello di istruzione, locale e appartenente a un ceto medio. Un pubblico fidelizzato e fortemente partecipe alle pratiche culturali, per i quali il festival diventa un momento relazione, di condivisione esperienziale e sociale. Il festival ha un forte impatto sulla comunità e ha avvicinato a materie culturali prima sconosciuti, incentivando la fruizione a nuove attività culturali.

High temporal resolution insights into early life histories: integrating histomorphometric, trace element and isotopic analyses of dental hard tissues in archaeological populations from Italy

Teeth, with their high mineralisation, incremental growth, and lack of remodelling, serve as biological archives that document an individual's development. This project aims to utilise the potential of teeth in bioarchaeological studies to achieve three primary objectives: 1) to investigate the application of histological and histochemical methods in reconstructing developmental bio-chronologies and early life histories; 2) to refine the temporal precision of isotopic analysis of dentine collagen by developing a novel protocol that integrates micro-sampling techniques with high-resolution histomorphometrics; and 3) to synthesise data from enamel and dentine for a comprehensive understanding of early life development and dietary transitions. This study adopts an integrated multidisciplinary bioarchaeological approach, conducting histomorphometric analysis on enamel and dentine across deciduous and permanent dentitions. It applies high-temporal resolution trace element analysis to enamel using LA-ICPMS and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses through sequential micro-sampling to dentine of permanent teeth. Samples were selected from diverse archaeological contexts across the Italian peninsula, covering the Upper Palaeolithic, Copper Age, and Early Medieval periods, providing insight into diachronic variations in infant development and life history. Findings highlight the efficacy of histological and histochemical techniques in accurately determining growth rates, physiological stress, dietary shifts (particularly timing of weaning), and age at death in infant remains. The consistency and comparison between enamel and dentine underscores the enhanced insight obtained from integrating information from both tissues. Importantly, the newly proposed protocol significantly improves the temporal accuracy of dentine collagen analysis, facilitating precise chronological placement of the results over broad developmental associations. This study reaffirms the significance of teeth as valuable bioarchaeological instruments. By introducing and testing multidisciplinary methods, it provides deeper insights into early life history and cultural practices across diverse chronological contexts, highlighting the importance of advanced methodologies in extracting detailed, accurate, and nuanced information from past populations.

Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.

Património Cultural Imaterial: MEMORIAMEDIA e-Museu - métodos, técnicas e práticas / Intagible Cultural Heritage: MEMORIAMEDIA e-Museum - methods, techniques and practices

O projeto MEMORIAMEDIA tem como objetivos o estudo, a inventariação e divulgação de manifestações do património cultural imaterial: expressões orais; práticas performativas; celebrações; o saber-fazer de artes e ofícios e as práticas e conhecimentos relacionados com a natureza e o universo. O MEMORIAMEDIA iniciou em 2006, em pleno debate nacional e internacional das questões do património cultural imaterial. Este livro cruza essas discussões teóricas, metodológicas e técnicas com a caracterização do MEMORIAMEDIA. Os resultados do projeto, organizados num inventário nacional, estão publicados no site www.memoriamedia.net, onde se encontram disponíveis para consulta e partilha. Filomena Sousa é investigadora de pós-doutoramento em antropologia (FCSH/UNL) e doutorada em sociologia (ISCTE-IUL). Membro integrado no Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição - patrimónios, artes e culturas (IELT) da FCSH/UNL e consultora da Memória Imaterial CRL – organização não-governamental autora e gestora do projeto MEMORIAMEDIA. Desenvolve investigação no âmbito das políticas e instrumentos de identificação, documentação e salvaguarda do património cultural imaterial e realizou vários documentários sobre expressões culturais.

Cultural journalism in a digital environment : new models, practices and possibilities

Both culture coverage and digital journalism are contemporary phenomena that have undergone several transformations within a short period of time. Whenever the media enters a period of uncertainty such as the present one, there is an attempt to innovate in order to seek sustainability, skip the crisis or find a new public. This indicates that there are new trends to be understood and explored, i.e., how are media innovating in a digital environment? Not only does the professional debate about the future of journalism justify the need to explore the issue, but so do the academic approaches to cultural journalism. However, none of the studies so far have considered innovation as a motto or driver and tried to explain how the media are covering culture, achieving sustainability and engaging with the readers in a digital environment. This research examines how European media which specialize in culture or have an important cultural section are innovating in a digital environment. Specifically, we see how these innovation strategies are being taken in relation to the approach to culture and dominant cultural areas, editorial models, the use of digital tools for telling stories, overall brand positioning and extensions, engagement with the public and business models. We conducted a mixed methods study combining case studies of four media projects, which integrates qualitative web features and content analysis, with quantitative web content analysis. Two major general-interest journalistic brands which started as physical newspapers – The Guardian (London, UK) and Público (Lisbon, Portugal) – a magazine specialized in international affairs, culture and design – Monocle (London, UK) – and a native digital media project that was launched by a cultural organization – Notodo, by La Fábrica – were the four case studies chosen. Findings suggest, on one hand, that we are witnessing a paradigm shift in culture coverage in a digital environment, challenging traditional boundaries related to cultural themes and scope, angles, genres, content format and delivery, engagement and business models. Innovation in the four case studies lies especially along the product dimensions (format and content), brand positioning and process (business model and ways to engage with users). On the other hand, there are still perennial values that are crucial to innovation and sustainability, such as commitment to journalism, consistency (to the reader, to brand extensions and to the advertiser), intelligent differentiation and the capability of knowing what innovation means and how it can be applied, since this thesis also confirms that one formula doesn´t suit all. Changing minds, exceeding cultural inertia and optimizing the memory of the websites, looking at them as living, organic bodies, which continuously interact with the readers in many different ways, and not as a closed collection of articles, are still the main challenges for some media.