El léxico específico en el aula de ELE : enseñar y aprender a colocar palabras en cartas comerciales y formales.

Título del encuentro: 'Niños y adolescentes en el aula de ELE', organizado por el Instituto Cervantes de Nápoles

Queridísimas cartas.

El artículo forma parte de una sección de la revista dedicada a intercambio de experiencias

Cartas de un profesor novato que un día se puso en solfa.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de la revista dedicado a la educación musical

Cartas sobre a educaçao da mocidade de Antonio Nunes Ribeiro Sánchez.

Estudiar a Antonio Nunes Ribeiro Sánchez como figura del mundo educativo portugues en sus cartas. El principal contenido de las cartas es recopilación de otras fuentes, luego le falta originalidad a este médico pedagogo. Tiene ideas de la ilustración, educar un sujeto sería ponerlo en contacto con Dios, la educación sólo será válida en cuanto que prepara al individuo para servir a la patria. El programa que presenta este autor hay que reconocer que es muy pobre sobre todo en la parte lingüística. La influencia de Ribeiro en el colegio del Marques de Pombal fue nula. El programa que presenta Ribeiro en su tiempo ya estaba pasado.

Cartas desde Costa de Marfil a Azuqueca de Henares.

Presentación del proyecto sobre valores denominado 'Cartas desde Costa de Marfil', desarrollado por el IES 'San Isidro' de Azuqueca de Henares, Guadalajara, por el cual ha recibido el Premio 'Francisco Giner de los Ríos' a la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa. El proyecto está basado en el intercambio de correspondencia entre un profesor de Costa de Marfil y una profesora de Francés del citado centro, la cual hace a sus alumnos partícipes de estas cartas con el fin de que vean otra realidad distinta a la nuestra, a la vez que les introduce en la lengua francesa y en una cultura diferente.

Cartas de ida y vuelta : la import??ncia del receptor en el treball de l'aula

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Las Condicionalidades de las Cartas de Intención con el Fondo Monetario Internacional y su influencia en la Modernización del Estado Ecuatoriano (Elementos para un análisis)

Esta investigación tiene como propósito sistematizar algunos elementos teórico conceptuales para acceder a un análisis sobre la estructura del Fondo Monetario Internacional, así como sobre el rol que este organismo ha jugado en el desenvolvimiento monetario, financiero, fiscal y comercial de los países miembros, particularmente de los que pertenecen al Tercer Mundo, y en singular nuestro país, que arrastra una crisis económica de carácter crónico, pese a la fidelidad con que cumple los sucesivos programas de ajuste. En el contexto del propósito mencionado, se hace reflexiones sobre las características que ha tenido la economía ecuatoriana, durante las últimas décadas, poniendo de relieve las situaciones críticas y los cambios a que se ha visto sometida, bajo las disposiciones de los organismos multilaterales de crédito. Igualmente se hace un análisis sobre las implicaciones, relaciones e influencias del contenido de las Cartas de Intención en el ordenamiento jurídico de nuestro país, llegando a la conclusión de que no siendo aquellas obligatorias, nos imponen medidas apartadas de nuestra problemática social. Finalmente, se llega a demostrar que existe una estrecha relación entre el contenido de las Cartas de Intención con los propósitos de modernización del Estado, proceso que se reduce a la privatización de las empresas del sector público.

Poder pastoral, acomodo y territorialidad en las Cartas Annuas jesuitas de Quito (Estudios)

Este artículo analiza las Cartas Annuas jesuitas entre 1586 y 1660 que hacen referencia a la Audiencia de Quito. Esta fuente poco consultada se utiliza para sondear las estrategias jesuitas de evangelización y el régimen de administración de sacramentos de la orden en Quito. El artículo propone que las estrategias de evangelización jesuita dieron un giro al pasar de un encuentro con la religión nativa que incluyó un interés en mitos prehispánicos y extirpación de idolatría a un enfoque tabula rasa que se centraba en la administración de sacramentos. El artículo atribuye este giro a la transferencia del Colegio jesuita de Quito de la provincia jesuita de Perú a la provincia del Nuevo Reino (Nueva Granada). El artículo contextualiza el encuentro jesuita con la cultura nativa y la operación del régimen sacramental con referencia al concepto de las dos evangelizaciones de Juan Carlos Estenssoro, la noción de poder pastoral de Michel Foucault y la idea de la confesionalización perteneciente a la historiografía de la modernidad temprana europea.

La expresión de la mujer a través del género epistolar en Cuenca de las Indias en el siglo XVII: las cartas de doña Ana Zurita Ochoa

Doña Ana Zurita Ochoa es una mujer española que hace su vida en Cuenca de las Indias en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Pertenece a la élite étnica, social y económica, y ocupa un lugar superior con relación a los indígenas, negros y mestizos que también forman parte de la urbe. Sus cartas, dirigidas a su esposo, don Salvador de Poveda, son el testimonio de su existencia. En estas, por medio de la escritura, doña Ana construye y proyecta imágenes de sí misma como madre, esposa amante, y vecina de Cuenca dentro del contexto de la Audiencia quiteña. De este modo manifiesta su voz y se hace presente en la historia de las mujeres.

Integrated Nitrogen CAtchment model (INCA) applied to a tropical catchment in the Atlantic Forest, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Stream-water flows and in-stream nitrate and ammonium concentrations in a small (36.7 ha) Atlantic Forest catchment were simulated using the Integrated Nitrogen in CAtchments (INCA) model version 1.9.4. The catchment, at Cunha, is in the Serra do Mar State Park, SE Brazil and is nearly pristine because the nearest major conurbations, Sao Paulo and Rio, are some 450 km distant. However, intensive farming may increase nitrogen (N) deposition and there are growing pressures for urbanisation. The mean-monthly discharges and NO3-N concentration dynamics were simulated adequately for the calibration and validation periods with (simulated) loss rates of 6.55 kg.ha(-1) yr(-1) for NO3-N and 3.85 kg.ha(-1) yr(-1) for NH4-N. To investigate the effects of elevated levels of N deposition in the future, various scenarios for atmospheric deposition were simulated; the highest value corresponded to that in a highly polluted area of Atlantic Forest in Sao Paulo City. It was found that doubling the atmospheric deposition generated a 25% increase in the N leaching rate, while at levels approaching the highly polluted Sao Paulo deposition rate, five times higher than the current rate, leaching increased by 240%, which would create highly eutrophic conditions, detrimental to downstream water quality. The results indicate that the INCA model can be useful for estimating N concentration and fluxes for different atmospheric deposition rates and hydrological conditions.

Problems with accessibility to health services by persons with disabilities in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Purpose. To describe the occurrence of self-reported problems of accessibility to health services used by persons with disabilities in terms of social and health services variables. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional household survey designed to assess problems with accessibility to health services faced by persons with disabilities. We interviewed 333 persons in Sao Paulo city, in 2007. Variables related to the presence of accessibility problems, disabilities, gender, age, family head income, ethnicity, use of health services and others were analysed using frequencies, percentages, chi(2)-test, ANOVA and Poisson regression models. Results. 15.92% of the interviewed persons reported problems with accessibility to health services. Persons having multiple (prevalence ratios; PR = 2.91) or mobility disability (PR = 6.46) had more problems with accessibility than persons with hearing disability. Persons younger than 78 years old had more problems with accessibility; those who needed help to go to the health service (PR = 3.01) also. Conclusions. Persons with multiple or mobility disability, younger than 78 years, and those who needed help of others to go to the health service were more likely to have problems with accessibility to health services. This information could be one of the first steps to the management and/or planning of appropriate health services for persons with disabilities.

Nocturia is not associated with falls among the elderly: a population study in the city of Sao Paulo

Introduction: the present study aims to evaluate the association between nocturia and falls in a group of community-living elderly men in the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Material and methods: under the coordination of the Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization, a multicenter study named Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE Study) is being conducted to evaluate the living and health conditions of older people in Latin America and Caribbean. In Brazil, this study is evaluating the elderly population (60 years or more) in Sao Paulo since 2000. The presence of nocturia was taken as the response ""yes"" to the question ""Do you need to void three times or more at night?"". The presence of falls was also taken as the response ""yes"" to the question ""Did you have any fall during the last 12 months?"" The intergroup analysis used was the logistic regression. Results: total of 865 men was interviewed, mean age 68 years. It was observed high prevalence of nocturia and falls in all groups, with higher prevalence of both in the eldest group (p < 0.001), however, the association of nocturia and falls was not statistically significant in any of the groups (p = 0.45). Conclusion: this is one of the pioneering studies that assess only the male population, showing that nocturia was not significantly associated with falls. Nocturia and falls are highly prevalent conditions in the elderly, but no association was found between both, so that these variables may be correlated to age and other clinical conditions. (C) 2010 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.

Geographical distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and its phlebotomine vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Background: American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a re-emerging disease in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It is important to understand both the vector and disease distribution to help design control strategies. As an initial step in applying geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) tools to map disease-risk, the objectives of the present work were to: (i) produce a single database of species distributions of the sand fly vectors in the state of Sao Paulo, (ii) create combined distributional maps of both the incidence of ACL and its sand fly vectors, and (iii) thereby provide individual municipalities with a source of reference material for work carried out in their area. Results: A database containing 910 individual records of sand fly occurrence in the state of Sao Paulo, from 37 different sources, was compiled. These records date from between 1943 to 2009, and describe the presence of at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species in 183/645 (28.4%) municipalities. For the remaining 462 (71.6%) municipalities, we were unable to locate records of any of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species (Nyssomyia intermedia, N. neivai, N. whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. pessoai and Migonemyia migonei). The distribution of each of the six incriminated or suspected vector species of ACL in the state of Sao Paulo were individually mapped and overlaid on the incidence of ACL for the period 1993 to 1995 and 1998 to 2007. Overall, the maps reveal that the six sand fly vector species analyzed have unique and heterogeneous, although often overlapping, distributions. Several sand fly species - Nyssomyia intermedia and N. neivai - are highly localized, while the other sand fly species - N. whitmani, M. migonei, P. fischeri and P. pessoai - are much more broadly distributed. ACL has been reported in 160/183 (87.4%) of the municipalities with records for at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species, while there are no records of any of these sand fly species in 318/478 (66.5%) municipalities with ACL. Conclusions: The maps produced in this work provide basic data on the distribution of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vectors of ACL in the state of Sao Paulo, and highlight the complex and geographically heterogeneous pattern of ACL transmission in the region. Further studies are required to clarify the role of each of the six suspected sand fly vector species in different regions of the state of Sao Paulo, especially in the majority of municipalities where ACL is present but sand fly vectors have not yet been identified.