908 resultados para Camera placement
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[EN] In this paper we study a variational problem derived from a computer vision application: video camera calibration with smoothing constraint. By video camera calibration we meanto estimate the location, orientation and lens zoom-setting of the camera for each video frame taking into account image visible features. To simplify the problem we assume that the camera is mounted on a tripod, in such case, for each frame captured at time t , the calibration is provided by 3 parameters : (1) P(t) (PAN) which represents the tripod vertical axis rotation, (2) T(t) (TILT) which represents the tripod horizontal axis rotation and (3) Z(t) (CAMERA ZOOM) the camera lens zoom setting. The calibration function t -> u(t) = (P(t),T(t),Z(t)) is obtained as the minima of an energy function I[u] . In thIs paper we study the existence of minima of such energy function as well as the solutions of the associated Euler-Lagrange equations.
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Object of the search is the advertising phenomenon of the "product placement", with reference to that it has been investigated legality’s limits, as well as the relationship with the constitutionally protected liberty of expression. Particularly, it has been analyzed, in first place, the problem of the relationship between the freedom of expression and the liberty of economic initiative, with particular reference to the different circles of guardianship to these prepared: or, larger, the one provided for the first from the 21th article of Costitution, more circumscribed, instead, the one established in the 41th article of Costitution, with reference to the second. This analysis has been made with the purpose to investigate the coordination among such liberties in those forms of communications that, for the proper peculiarities that characterize them, can be qualified, according to the concrete circumstances in which they are spread, so much forms of liberty of expression, how much exercise of an activity of enterprise. Under this last profile, it has been taken attention on the advertising activity and, specially, on the non transparent publicities, or not immediately perceivable as such from their receivers, and, therefore, in contrast with the advertising trasparence’s principle: or, the so-called cases of hidden publicity, what the editorial publicity, both "in narrow sense" both "in general sense", as well as the phenomenon of the product placement (or positioning of product), by now diffused in the commercial routine. Therefore, it has been proceeded to a complete and exhaustive examination of innovations introduced by the recent legislative discipline in subject of “planned placement of marks and products” in the cinema works, appraising, in the specific one, the effects, juridical and no juridical, consequential from the introduction of a first form of regulation of the phenomenon of the product placement and, particularly, from the express provision about the legality of the use to such advertising, if it has realized according to specific requirements or condition. In relationship to such profile, it has been also investigate limits (sub kind of normative gaps) from which the recently introduced discipline in subject would seem characterized. Finally, a further circle of investigation has concerned the possible organization of the phenomenon under a negotiate aspect, as particular contract of advertising, in which the object consists in an promotional activity. Concerning this, the experience of foreign countries (above all the Anglo-Saxon one) has been very important, because of the absence, in our arrangement, of a general normative discipline about advertising contracts. Consequently, I’ve investigated principal characteristics of similar contracts, in first place the atypicalness, because of the lack, in Italy, of a legislative discipline of this contract. Such investigation has also been developed through a comparation between the positioning of product and the other advertising contracts, among which, particularly, the sponsorship, as well as the contracts for the advertising exploitation of the name and other people's image, and, specially, the contract of testimonial and the contract of endorsement.
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Through this research I have tried to demonstrate how the evolution of the newest marketing strategies - that work towards engaging relationships with consumers, thus building an emotional connection between the brand and the user- can be considered as a response to the evolution of young audiences and consumers. More specifically, I have analized product placement as a cultural and social phenomena above all, and not only as an economical one, thus demonstrating all the social and cultural practices that this tool implies. The approach I have chosen to do so, is historical-analytical, particularly focusing on the evolution of the society and of the consumer, especially for what teenagers (both as audiences and as consumers) are concerned.
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This dissertation addresses the staminal lever mechanism of the genus Salvia. Various hypotheses referring to its purpose and function are tested and elucidated. The first hypothesis maintains that the lever is a mechanical selection mechanism which excludes weak pollinators from the flower. This hypothesis is refuted and the respective results of force measurements and morphological investigations are presented, statistically evaluated and discussed. The force measurements and morphological investigations were conducted on the staminal levers and flowers of 8 bee pollinated (melittophilous) and 6 bird pollinated (ornithophilous) species. For comparison a ninth melittophilous species that lacks the staminal lever was investigated. In this species the force measurements were conducted on floral structures that were suspected to hinder a flower visitor. The hypotheses, which state that the staminal lever is a tool for pollen portioning and reduces the risk of pollen loss as well as hybridisation due to its ability to perform a repeatable, accurate and species-specific pollen placement on a wide range of diverse pollinators, are confirmed. Investigations with respect to pollen portioning were carried out on 13 sages. The lever mechanism can be released several times in a row, while the pollen sacs leave a dosed pollen portion on a well defined spot on the pollinator‘s body. Pollen placement was investigated for 12 sages. In sympatric sages, lever length and the area of pollen placement are of particular interest. A shared pollinator bears species-specific areas of pollen placement for different sages. The accurate pollen placement ensures an efficient pollination. However, the question of the functionality of the lever mechanism can not be answered with absolute certainty. The lever‘s backswing is not caused by the adaxial lever arm; the adaxial lever arm is too light and too short to be an adequate counterweight to the abaxial lever arm. Therefore, the adaxial lever arm can not pull the abaxial lever arm to return it to its neutral position. But there are indications of a cellular mainspring in the filament. According to the current state of knowledge, this is the most plausible explanation for the lever's backswing, but further histological investigations on the joint of the lever mechanism are necessary to confirm this assumption.
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La riforma del bicameralismo rappresenta nell’ordinamento italiano una delle tematiche più dibattute sin dalla “concessione” dello Statuto Albertino. In Assemblea Costituente, infatti, l’opzione tra monocamerali e bicameralismo - prima - e il dibattito su che tipo di bicameralismo si sarebbe dovuto adottare - poi - hanno dato vita ad una parte organizzativa particolarmente debole e in gran parte antiquata rispetto alle esigenze della prima parte della Costituzione che, al contrario, ha rappresentato il precipitato di una profonda consonanza di ideali. La tesi si propone dunque l’obiettivo di dimostrare che l’esigenza di procedere ad una riforma del sistema bicamerale in Italia sia oggi quanto mai attuale e necessaria. Da un lato, infatti, essa favorirebbe il superamento delle inefficienze del sistema parlamentare e potrebbe rappresentare uno strumento per ovviare alla debole razionalizzazione della forma di governo che, da sempre, ha determinato la strutturale instabilità degli esecutivi. Dall’altro lato, la riforma servirebbe soprattutto a realizzare quella connessione organica tra Stato e regioni necessaria per completare il disegno regionalistico che si ricava dalla Costituzione stessa. Esigenza questa che, peraltro, si è notevolmente rafforzata con la riforma del titolo V della Costituzione, la cui portata innovativa è stata sostanzialmente svuotata di contenuto a causa delle difficoltà che si sono incontrate nella sua attuazione.
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La tesi è il risultato di un tirocinio, della durata di cinque mesi, svolto presso l'Azienda 'Aliva', che si occupa di sistemi di facciate. Lo scopo della tesi è la realizzazione di un nuovo sistema di fissaggio a scomparsa di lastre in vetro. Tutta la ricerca è scaturita dalla richiesta dell'azienda per realizzare un nuovo prodotto di fissaggio di lastre di grandi dimensioni in vetro con impatto visivo molto ridotto. Il sistema unisce due tecnologie: - sistema meccanico; - sistema adesivo strutturale di alte performance. Partendo da dei test di laboratorio, la tesi consisterà nell'effettuare le verifiche agli elementi finiti, con l'ausilio del software Strauss7, di lastre in vetro stratificato e vetro camera.
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Joseph Nicolas Cugnot built the first primitive car in 1769 and approximately one hundred year later the first automotive race took place. Thanks to this, for the first time the aerodynamics principles began to be applied to cars. The aerodynamic study of a car is important to improve the performance on the road, or on the track. It purposely enhances the stability in the turns and increases the maximum velocity. However, it is also useful, decrease the fuel consumption, in order to reduce the pollution. Given that cars are a very complex body, the aerodynamic study cannot be conducted following an analytical method, but it is possible, in general, to choose between two different approaches: the numerical or the experimental one. The results of numerical studies depend on the computers’ potential and on the method use to implement the mathematical model. Today, the best way to perform an aerodynamic study is still experimental, which means that in the first phase of the design process the study is performed in a wind tunnel and in later phases directly on track. The automotive wind tunnels are singular mainly due to the test chamber, which typically contains a ground simulation system. The test chamber can have different types of walls: open walls, closed walls, adaptive walls or slotted walls. The best solution is to use the slotted walls because they minimize the interference between the walls and the streamlines, the interaction between the flow and the environment, and also to contain the overall costs. Furthermore, is necessary minimize the boundary layer at the walls, without accelerating the flow, in order to provide the maximum section of homogeneous flow. This thesis aims at redefining the divergent angle of the Dallara Automobili S.P.A. wind tunnel’s walls, in order to improve the overall homogeneity. To perform this study it was necessary to acquire the pressure data of the boundary layer, than it was created the profile of the boundary layer velocity and, to minimize the experimental errors, it was calculated the displacement thickness. The results obtained shows, even if the instrument used to the experiment was not the best one, that the boundary layer thickness could be minor in case of a low diffusion angle. So it is convenient to perform another experiment with a most sensitive instrument to verified what is the better wall configuration.
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Sviluppo di una tenuta meccanica.
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Con un sistema di multivisione correttamente installato e calibrato, si è tracciato il moto di un drone a seguito di operazioni di triangolazione e ne si è controllata automaticamente la traiettoria.
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La mobilità parlamentare è un indicatore dello stato di salute del sistema politico italiano. Dopo un brvee excursus storico della mobilità in Italia dal Regno d'Italia ai giorni nostri, si mostra un'analisi dei dati inerenti la Prima e la Seconda Repubblica italiana che dimostrano un fenomeno ora molto intenso per numero e modalità di migrazioni fra gruppi parlamentari. Vengono illustrate le principali sanzioni previste dalla normativa di altri Paesi europei ed extraeuropei, per concludere con l'illustrazione delle modifiche proposte alla Camera (e al Senato ) per far fronte a questo fenomeno. Al momento le proposte pur convergendo su alcuni punti, non sembrano ancora pronte per poter essere attuate.
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Il lavoro di tesi si è svolto in collaborazione con il laboratorio di elettrofisiologia, Unità Operativa di Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, dell’ospedale “S. Maria delle Croci” di Ravenna, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna, ed ha come obiettivo lo sviluppo di un metodo per l’individuazione dell’atrio sinistro in sequenze di immagini ecografiche intracardiache acquisite durante procedure di ablazione cardiaca transcatetere per il trattamento della fibrillazione atriale. La localizzazione della parete posteriore dell'atrio sinistro in immagini ecocardiografiche intracardiache risulta fondamentale qualora si voglia monitorare la posizione dell'esofago rispetto alla parete stessa per ridurre il rischio di formazione della fistola atrio esofagea. Le immagini derivanti da ecografia intracardiaca sono state acquisite durante la procedura di ablazione cardiaca ed esportate direttamente dall’ecografo in formato Audio Video Interleave (AVI). L’estrazione dei singoli frames è stata eseguita implementando un apposito programma in Matlab, ottenendo così il set di dati su cui implementare il metodo di individuazione della parete atriale. A causa dell’eccessivo rumore presente in alcuni set di dati all’interno della camera atriale, sono stati sviluppati due differenti metodi per il tracciamento automatico del contorno della parete dell’atrio sinistro. Il primo, utilizzato per le immagini più “pulite”, si basa sull’utilizzo del modello Chan-Vese, un metodo di segmentazione level-set region-based, mentre il secondo, efficace in presenza di rumore, sfrutta il metodo di clustering K-means. Entrambi i metodi prevedono l’individuazione automatica dell’atrio, senza che il clinico fornisca informazioni in merito alla posizione dello stesso, e l’utilizzo di operatori morfologici per l’eliminazione di regioni spurie. I risultati così ottenuti sono stati valutati qualitativamente, sovrapponendo il contorno individuato all'immagine ecografica e valutando la bontà del tracciamento. Inoltre per due set di dati, segmentati con i due diversi metodi, è stata eseguita una valutazione quantitativa confrontatoli con il risultato del tracciamento manuale eseguito dal clinico.
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Il lavoro svolto è stato commissionato dall’azienda CNI, la quale ha richiesto al Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’università di Bologna la costruzione di una camera iperspettrale per uso industriale. In questo elaborato sono descritte le tecniche di progettazione e realizzazione dell’apparato ottico, adatto ad indagare lunghezze d’onda nel range visibile. Questo apparato è composto da un obiettivo focalizzatore, uno spettroscopio e un sensore finale. La realizzazione pratica dello strumento è stata raggiunta attraverso tre fasi distinte: la calibrazione, l’assemblaggio e i test finali; ciò ha permesso di ottenere risultati in accordo con quelli previsti in fase di progettazione. Poiché i risultati ottenuti si sono rivelati conformi alle richieste dell’azienda, si è potuto procedere all’applicazione di una particolare copertura della camera iperspettrale. Questo procedimento di copertura e chiusura della camera è stato necessario sia per permettere all’azienda di svolgere test con lo spettroscopio in condizioni di elevata oscurità, sia per preservare i vari elementi ottici da movimenti meccanici esterni. Terminato così il lavoro, è stata consegnata all’azienda la camera chiusa. Essa sarà testata per l’analisi spettrale di campioni, che passano attraverso una linea illuminata di lunghezza 1 m e ad una distanza di 1,5 m, su un rullo autotrasportatore. In futuro è prevista anche la realizzazione di un’altra camera iperspettrale che indaghi le lunghezze d’onda nel vicino infrarosso.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) the optimal sites for mini-implant placement in the maxilla and the mandible based on dimensional mapping of the interradicular spaces and cortical bone thickness and (2) The effect of age and sex on the studied anatomic measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cone beam computed tomography images of 100 patients (46 males, 54 females) divided into two age groups (13-18 years), and (19-27 years) were used. The following interradicular measurements were performed: (1) Buccolingual bone thickness; (2) Mesiodistal spaces both buccally and palatally/lingually; and (3) Buccal and palatal/lingual cortical thicknesses. RESULTS: In the maxilla, the highest buccolingual thickness existed between first and second molars; the highest mesiodistal buccal/palatal distances were between the second premolar and the first molar. The highest buccal cortical thickness was between the first and second premolars. The highest palatal cortical thickness was between central and lateral incisors. In the mandible, the highest buccolingual and buccal cortical thicknesses were between the first and second molars. The highest mesiodistal buccal distance was between the second premolar and the first molar. The highest mesiodistal lingual distance was between the first and second premolars. The highest lingual cortical thickness was between the canine and the first premolar. The males and the older age group had significantly higher buccolingual, buccal, and palatal cortical thicknesses at specific sites and levels in the maxilla and the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical guideline for optimal sites for mini-implant placement is suggested. Sex and age affected the anatomic measurements in certain areas in the maxilla and the mandible.
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Early implant placement is one of the treatment options after tooth extraction. Implant surgery is performed after a healing period of 4 to 8 weeks and combined with a simultaneous contour augmentation using the guided bone regeneration technique to rebuild stable esthetic facial hard- and soft-tissue contours.
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Paravertebral regional anaesthesia is used to treat pain after several surgical procedures. This study aimed to improve on our first published ultrasound-guided approach to the paravertebral space (PVS) and to investigate a possible discrepancy between the needle, catheter, and contrast dye position.