Primeiro mapa genômico comparativo entre o cromossomo 16 do búfalo de rio (BBU16) e o cromossomo 15 bovino (BTA15)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estruturas do olho do Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae): estudo utilizando microscopia óptica e de varredura.

O gênero Macrobrachium contém mais de 120 espécies e ocorre nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais de todo o mundo (VALENTI, 1987). São camarões de água doce da família Palaemonidae e da ordem Decapoda (RAFINESQUE, 1815; LATREILLER, 1802). No Brasil existem 18 espécies, até agora classificadas, distribuídas ao longo da bacia amazônica (MELO 2003). Entre estas, o Macrobrachium amazonicum (HELLER, 1862) conhecido popularmente como camarão-sossego ou camarão-canela, amplamente empregados na carcinicultura. Os crustáceos dispõem de estruturas sensitivas localizadas no cefalotórax, que permitem receber estímulos do meio para localizar e capturar o alimento (BARNES, 1998). Os olhos compostos estão presentes em todas as classes de crustáceo. Assim, a hipótese levantada nessa pesquisa foi que no Macrobrachium amazonicum, estes olhos são do tipo de superposição reflexiva, onde o aparelho dióptrico e o rabdômero se estendem em camadas e está separado por uma zona clara não pigmentada. Neste trabalho temos como objetivos: Avaliar os aspectos morfológicos do olho do Macrobrachium amazonicum em microscopia eletrônica de varredura; Caracterizar a morfologia das células fotorreceptoras; Descrever as estruturas morfológicas do olho do M. amazonicum; Caracterizar as relações morfométricas entre o olho e as demais estruturas do M. amazonicum. Os animais foram adquiridos no distrito de Mosqueiro nos períodos de chuvas, março de 2009 e março de 2010, com pescadores no município de Santa Bárbara, área metropolitana de Belém, e transportados para o laboratório em caixas de isopor, sendo mantidos em quarentena em um recipiente contendo uma solução de permanganato de potássio a 1,3 mg/L (CARNEIRO et al., 005). Os animais foram fixados em Davidson e Karnovisky, em seguida os olhos de cada animal foram cuidadosamente seccionados e colocados em frascos plásticos. Nas relações biométricas foram realizadas a análise de variância com α = 0,05, foi realizada com Bio Estat 5.0 para os comprimentos do olho látero-lateral e ântero-posterior dos quatro morfotipos, e SigmaPlot 11.0 e regressão linear simples, para as variáveis olho total e cefalotórax. Observou-se que o tamanho médio do cefalotórax, do corpo, do olho é respectivamente: 21,03 mm; 70,62 mm e 4,52 mm, sendo que, o peso médio do camarão foi de 7,97 g. Os valores máximos registrados dessas estruturas foram de 31,95 mm para o cefalotórax; 100,10 mm para o tamanho do corpo; 6,80 mm para o tamanho do olho e de 20,54 g para o peso do camarão. Após análise histológica foram identificadas as seguintes estruturas (Figs. 13 e 14 A-B): córnea, cone cristalino, pigmento distal, haste do cone, zona clara, cutícula, retina, rabdoma, fibras do nervo óptico e lamina. Com relação à microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foram selecionadas para observação as principais estruturas e especialmente o arranjo em seção transversal quadrada dos omatídeos (Figs. 16 A-B). As análises morfométrica e morfológica (por histologia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura) apontaram características próprias de Macrobrachium amazonicum adultos oriundos da região metropolitana de Belém. Estes achados incluem uma óptica de superposição reflexiva com olhos adaptados a percepção de estímulos luminosos.

Resonant properties, of modified triangular plasmonic nanoparticles with higher field concentration

In this paper, we present an analysis of the resonant response of modified triangular metallic nanoparticles with polynomial sides. The particles are illuminated by an incident plane wave and the method of moments is used to solve numerically the electromagnetic scattering problem. We investigate spectral response and near field distribution in function of the length and polynomial order of the nanoparticles. Our results show that in the analyzed wavelength range (0.5-1.8) µm these particles possess smaller number of resonances and their resonant wavelengths, near field enhancement and field confinement are higher than those of the conventional triangular particle with linear sides.

Eletrodos impressos modificados com poli-histidina aplicados na construção de sensores eletroquímicos para crômio(VI) e fármacos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinants of bird species richness, endemism, and island network roles in Wallacea and the West Indies: is geography sufficient or does current and historical climate matter?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de um código computacional para simulação e análise de espectros atômicos

The aim of this work was the development a computer code for simulation and analysis of atomic spectra from databases constructed from the literature. There were created four routines that can be useful for spectroscopic studies in the atomic processes of laser isotope separation. In the first routine, Possible Transitions, the program checks the possible electron transitions from an energy level of the atom present in the database considering the selection rules for an electric dipole transition. The second routine, Locator Transitions, checks the possible electronic transitions within a user-specified spectral region. The routine Spectra Simulator creates simulated spectra using the graphical application gnuplot through lorentzian curve and finally, the routine Electronic Temperature determines the temperature of electronic excitation of the atom, thought the Boltzmann Plot Method. To test the reliability of the program there were obtained experimental emission spectra of a hollow cathode discharge of dysprosium and argon as a buffer gas. The hollow cathode discharge has been subjected to different values of operating currents and pressure of inert gas. The spectra obtained were treated with the assistance of program routines developed (Transition Locator and Spectra Simulator) and temperatures electronic excitation of the atoms of dysprosium in the different discharge conditions were calculated (routine Electronic Temperature). The results showed that the electronic excitation temperature of the neutral dysprosium atoms in the hollow cathode discharge increases with increasing current applied to the cathode and also by increasing the gas pressure buffer. The determination coefficients, R2, obtained by the Electronic Temperature routine using the linear adjust of the Boltzmann Plot Method were greater... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Auditory evoked potential: a proposal for further evaluation in children with learning disabilities

The information presented in this paper demonstrates the author's experience in previews cross-sectional studies conducted in Brazil, in comparison with the current literature. Over the last 10 years, auditory evoked potential (AEP) has been used in children with learning disabilities. This method is critical to analyze the quality of the processing in time and indicates the specific neural demands and circuits of the sensorial and cognitive process in this clinical population. Some studies with children with dyslexia and learning disabilities were shown here to illustrate the use of AEP in this population.

Solitons in atomic condensates, with optical lattices and field-induced dipole moments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Linear and undulating periodized strength plus aerobic training promote similar benefits and lead to improvement of insulin resistance on obese adolescents

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nasal mucociliary clearance in subjects with COPD after smoking cessation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O papel das tecnologias digitais em disciplinas de álgebra linear a distância: possibilidades, limites e desafios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tailoring Molecular Architectures with Cobalt Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine: Immobilization in Layer-by-Layer Films and Sensing Applications

In the field of organic thin films, manipulation at the nanoscale can be obtained by immobilization of different materials on platforms designed to enhance a specific property via the layer-by-layer technique. In this paper we describe the fabrication of nanostructured films containing cobalt tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) obtained through the layer-by-layer architecture and assembled with linear poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) polyelectrolytes. Film growth was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy following the Q band of CoTsPc and revealed a linear growth for both systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the driving force keeping the structure of the films was achieved upon interactions of CoTsPc sulfonic groups with protonated amine groups present in the positive polyelectrolyte. A comprehensive SPR investigation on film growth reproduced the deposition process dynamically and provided an estimation of the thicknesses of the layers. Both FTIR and SPR techniques suggested a preferential orientation of the Pc ring parallel to the substrate. The electrical conductivity of the PAH films deposited on interdigitated electrodes was found to be very sensitive to water vapor. These results point to the development of a phthalocyanine-based humidity sensor obtained from a simple thin film deposition technique, whose ability to tailor molecular organization was crucial to achieve high sensitivity.

Analog circuit synthesis performing fast Pareto frontier exploration and analysis through 3D graphs

This paper presents a technique for performing analog design synthesis at circuit level providing feedback to the designer through the exploration of the Pareto frontier. A modified simulated annealing which is able to perform crossover with past anchor points when a local minimum is found which is used as the optimization algorithm on the initial synthesis procedure. After all specifications are met, the algorithm searches for the extreme points of the Pareto frontier in order to obtain a non-exhaustive exploration of the Pareto front. Finally, multi-objective particle swarm optimization is used to spread the results and to find a more accurate frontier. Piecewise linear functions are used as single-objective cost functions to produce a smooth and equal convergence of all measurements to the desired specifications during the composition of the aggregate objective function. To verify the presented technique two circuits were designed, which are: a Miller amplifier with 96 dB Voltage gain, 15.48 MHz unity gain frequency, slew rate of 19.2 V/mu s with a current supply of 385.15 mu A, and a complementary folded cascode with 104.25 dB Voltage gain, 18.15 MHz of unity gain frequency and a slew rate of 13.370 MV/mu s. These circuits were synthesized using a 0.35 mu m technology. The results show that the method provides a fast approach for good solutions using the modified SA and further good Pareto front exploration through its connection to the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

Inflammatory and Immunological parameters in adults with Down syndrome

Abstract Background The increase in life expectancy within the general population has resulted in an increasing number of elderly adults, including patients with Down syndrome (DS), with a current life expectancy of about 50 years. We evaluate the parameters of humoral and cellular immune response, the quantitative expression of the regulator of calcineurin1 gene (RCAN1) and the production of cytokines. The study group consisted of adults DS (n = 24) and a control group with intellectual disability without Down syndrome (ID) (n = 21) and living in a similar environmental background. It was evaluated serology, immunophenotyping, the quantitative gene expression of RCAN1 and the production of cytokines. Results In the DS group, the results showed an increase in NK cells, CD8, decreased CD19 (p < 0.05) and an increase spontaneous production of IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-10 (p < 0.05). There was not any difference in RCAN1 gene expression between the groups. Conclusions These data suggest a similar humoral response in the two groups. The immunophenotyping suggests sign of premature aging of the immune system and the cytokine production show a proinflammatory profile.

A mathematical model for optimizing the indications of liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Background The criteria for organ sharing has developed a system that prioritizes liver transplantation (LT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have the highest risk of wait-list mortality. In some countries this model allows patients only within the Milan Criteria (MC, defined by the presence of a single nodule up to 5 cm, up to three nodules none larger than 3 cm, with no evidence of extrahepatic spread or macrovascular invasion) to be evaluated for liver transplantation. This police implies that some patients with HCC slightly more advanced than those allowed by the current strict selection criteria will be excluded, even though LT for these patients might be associated with acceptable long-term outcomes. Methods We propose a mathematical approach to study the consequences of relaxing the MC for patients with HCC that do not comply with the current rules for inclusion in the transplantation candidate list. We consider overall 5-years survival rates compatible with the ones reported in the literature. We calculate the best strategy that would minimize the total mortality of the affected population, that is, the total number of people in both groups of HCC patients that die after 5 years of the implementation of the strategy, either by post-transplantation death or by death due to the basic HCC. We illustrate the above analysis with a simulation of a theoretical population of 1,500 HCC patients with tumor size exponentially. The parameter λ obtained from the literature was equal to 0.3. As the total number of patients in these real samples was 327 patients, this implied in an average size of 3.3 cm and a 95% confidence interval of [2.9; 3.7]. The total number of available livers to be grafted was assumed to be 500. Results With 1500 patients in the waiting list and 500 grafts available we simulated the total number of deaths in both transplanted and non-transplanted HCC patients after 5 years as a function of the tumor size of transplanted patients. The total number of deaths drops down monotonically with tumor size, reaching a minimum at size equals to 7 cm, increasing from thereafter. With tumor size equals to 10 cm the total mortality is equal to the 5 cm threshold of the Milan criteria. Conclusion We concluded that it is possible to include patients with tumor size up to 10 cm without increasing the total mortality of this population.