World war veterans' legislation : hearings before the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation, Seventy-seventh Congress, first session on H.R. 4, H.R. 164, H.R. 1066, H.R. 1441, H.R. 1583, H.R. 1621, H.R. 1797, H.R. 2105, H.R. 2115, H.R. 2226, H.R. 2289, H.R. 2299, H.R. 2476, H.R. 2481, H.R. 2491, H.R. 2492, H.R. 2493, H.R. 2524, H.R. 2652, H.R. 3069, to amend certain laws and veterans' regulations affecting world war veterans and their dependents.

Mode of access: Internet.

Des Obersten Both Anschlag auf Livland (1639) und sein Zusammenhang mit der allgemeinen Politik der Zeit : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte Kurfürst Georg Wilhelms von Brandenburg /

Thesis (doctoral)--Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg i. Pr., 1895.

The life of George Joachim Goschen, first viscount Goschen, 1831-1907;

Mode of access: Internet.

Geschichte der Reformation des Klosters und Stiftlandes Waldsassen bis zum Tode des Kurfursten Ludwig VI. (1583) : ein Beitrag zur Kirchen- und Kulturgeschichte der Oberpfalz : nach archivalischen Akten und Urkunden.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen.

Joachim, ou Le triomphe de la piété filiale : drame en trois actes et en vers : suivi de la Requête des filles de Salency à la reine /

Signatures: A-D⁸ E1.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.

The Devil and Views on the “Other” in Part One of Pedro Cieza de León’s "Crónica del Perú" (1553)

Many 16th century Spanish chroniclers and missionaries, arriving at what they interpreted as a New World, saw the Devil as a “hermeneutic wildcard” that allowed them to comprehend indigenous religions. Pedro Cieza de León, a soldier in the conquest of Peru, is a case in point. Cieza considers the Devil responsible for the most aberrant religious practices and customs of the Indians, although he views the natives in a positive light, as men susceptible to divine salvation. From a providentialist perspective of the history of the conquest, Cieza interprets that the evangelization and conversion of the Indians and the implantation of Christian civilization by the Spanish Crown, were able to defeat the Devil.

Select Document: Sir George Radcliffe’s “Original of Government” (1639) and Absolutist Political Theory in Stuart Ireland

A seventeenth-century manuscript miscellany, which once belonged to Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh, contains a short treatise on the origins of government by Sir George Radcliffe. Radcliffe was legal assistant to Sir Thomas Wentworth, lord deputy of Ireland (from January 1640 earl of Strafford and lord lieutenant). The treatise insisted on the divine origin of all human political power and implied that the best form of government was absolute monarchy, in which the monarch was free of all human law and subject to divine restraint alone. It will be suggested below that the composition of this treatise can be dated to the summer of 1639. This introduction will offer an outline of Radcliffe’s education and political career, explain the genesis of his treatise on government, point out some pertinent aspects of its argument, and finally assess the document’s significance.

'That Puissant City': John Milton's Roman Sojourns 1638-1639

John Milton’s sojourns in Rome (1638-9) are attested by his comments in Defensio Secunda, by the minutes of the English College, by Latin encomia which he received from Roman academicians, and, not least, by his Latin letter to Lucas Holstenius (19/29 March 1639), and several Latin poems which he composed in the course of his residency in the capital city: Ad Salsillum, and three Latin epigrams extolling the praises of the virtuosa soprano, Leonora Baroni. Read together, these texts serve to reveal much about Milton’s participation in, and reaction to, the ‘Puissant City’, (History of Britain, Bk 2).

The present monograph presents fresh evidence of Milton's integration into the academic and cultural life of seventeenth-century Rome. It argues that his links with two Roman academies: the Accademia dei Fantastici and Accademia degli Umoristi constitute a sustained participation in an academic community paralleling that of his independently attested performance in Florentine academies (on which I have published extensively). It also investigates his links with Alessandro Cherubini, David Codner, Giovanni Batista Doni, and the Baroni circle hymned in three published anthologies.

Chapter 1: Milton and the Accademia dei Fantastici investigates the cultural climate surrounding Milton's Ad Salsillum by examining two of that academy's publications: the Poesie dei Signori Accademici Fantastici di Roma (Rome, 1637) and the Academia Tenuta da Fantastici a. 12 di Maggio 1655 (Rome, 1655), the latter celebrating the creation of Fabio Chigi as Pope Alexander VII on 5 April 1655. Read in a new light, Milton’s self-fashioning, it is argued, takes its place not only alongside Salzilli’s encomium in Milton's honour, and his Italian sonnets in the 1637 Poesie, but also in relation to other poems in that collection, and the academy's essentially Catholic eulogistic trend. The chapter also provides fresh evidence of Salzilli’s survival of the illness described in Milton’s poem by his epistolary correspondence with Tomaso Stigliani.

Chapter 2: Milton and the Vatican argues for links between Milton’s Latin letter to Holstenius and a range of Holstenius’ published works: his edition of the axioms of the later Pythagoreans gifted by him to Milton, and his published neo-Platonic works. This is achieved by mutual appropriation of Similitudes in a series of Miltonic similes, the anabasis/katabasis motifs in a reworking of the Platonic theory of the transmigration of souls, and allusion to etymological details highlighted in Holstenius’ published editions. The chapter also reveals Milton’s alertness to typographical procedures and, by association, to Holstenius’ recent role (1638) as Director of the press of the Biblioteca Vaticana.

Chapter 3: Milton and the Accademia degli Umoristi argues for Milton’s likely participation in this Roman academy, as suggested by his links with its members. His three Latin epigrams in praise of Leonora Baroni, the only female member of the Umoristi, have hitherto been studied in relation to the 1639 Applausi in her honour. In a new reading, Milton, it is suggested, invokes and interrogates Catholic doctrine before a Catholic audience only to view the whole through the lens of a neo-Platonic Hermeticism (by echoing the phraseology of the sixteenth-century Franciscan Hannibal Rosselli) that refreshingly transcends religious difference. Crucially, the hitherto neglected L’Idea della Veglia (Rome, 1640) includes further encomiastic verse, sonnets to, and by Leonora, and details of the conversazioni hosted by her family at the precise time of Milton’s Roman sojourns. Milton may well have been a participant. The chapter concludes in an assessment of his links with the youthful prodigy Alessandro Cherubini, and of his audience with Francesco Barberini.

Chapter 4: Milton at a Roman Opera analyses the potential impact of ‘Chi Soffre, Speri’, which he attended on 18/28 February 1639, mounted by Francesco Barberini to inaugurate the recently completed theatre of the Palazzo Barberini. A detailed analysis of the opera's libretto, music, and theatricality casts a backward glance to Milton's Comus, and a forward glance to Paradise Lost. It also assesses Milton’s musical interests at this time, as attested by his links with Doni, and his purchase of works by Monteverdi and others.

Chapter 5: Milton’s English Connections in Rome develops the work of Miller and Chaney by investigating Milton’s co-diners at the English College in Rome on 30 October 1638, and by analysing his links between David Codner (alias Matteo Selvaggio), and the family of Jane Savage, Marchioness of Winchester, lamented by Milton in 1631. It also assesses his potential relations with the Englishman Thomas Gawen, who ‘accidentally sometimes fell into the company of John Milton’ (Antony Wood).

Kiel, Ewald / Kahlert, Joachim / Haag, Ludwig / Eberle, Thomas (Hrsg.): Herausfordernde Situationen in der Schule, Ein fallbasiertes Arbeitsbuch. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 [...] [Sammelrezension]

Sammelrezension von: 1. Kiel, Ewald / Kahlert, Joachim / Haag, Ludwig / Eberle, Thomas (Hrsg.): Herausfordernde Situationen in der Schule, Ein fallbasiertes Arbeitsbuch, Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 (224 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-1799-8) 2. Kiel, Ewald / Pollak, Guido (Hrsg.): Kritische Situationen im Referendariat bewältigen, Ein Arbeitsbuch für angehende Lehrkräfte, Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2011 (271 S.; ISBN 978-3-8252-3544-4)

A misericórdia do Porto e os seus hospitais como centros de formação de cirurgiões (1639-1825)

Desde o início do século XVI que a Coroa portuguesa investiu na regulação das “artes da cura”, de formação académica mas também empírica, com o propósito de organizar um campo em completa desordem, de que resultavam “grandes perdas para o reino”. No entanto, a estrutura então criada assentou em entidades concorrenciais, com poderes sobrepostos e em permanente conflito, elementos determinantes para o estudo da construção das profissões de saúde no período moderno. Entre estas, o domínio era dos cirurgiões, que aprendiam pela prática quotidiana, às vezes em contexto hospitalar. O hospital administrado pela Misericórdia do Porto foi um dos principais centros formadores de cirurgiões a nível nacional, condição que, por sua vez, facilitava o acesso à carreira de examinador. Como se organizava o ensino da cirurgia no hospital da Misericórdia do Porto? Quem foram os seus professores e quantos alunos licenciaram? Que redes construíram e como as geriram? Serão estas algumas das questões a que se procurará dar resposta na presente comunicação. O trabalho a apresentar assume‑se como uma mera abordagem preliminar e exploratória a uma base de dados que reúne cerca de 20 mil licenças para o exercício de várias profissões de saúde, em Portugal e no Império, atribuídas e/ou reconhecidas por diferentes organismos da administração central entre os finais do século XV e 1825, ano em que, através das Escolas Medico‑Cirurgicas, se constituiu um novo paradigma de formação de cirurgiões. Basicamente serão testadas as relações entre o hospital e outras entidades com competências para examinar praticantes de cirurgia, perscrutando‑se a influência de possíveis círculos pessoais e profissionais bem como o seu raio de acção. O objectivo principal será o de procurar padrões de actuação e identificar tendências dominantes que permitam construir hipóteses de análise que possam ser aplicadas a todo o país.

School-related stressors in adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate high school students' perceptions of school-related problems. Some 1583 high school students responded to the 35 item High School Stressors Scale, published by Burnett and Fanshaw in 1997, which measures nine areas of problems experienced by adolescents in schools. These are teaching methods, student-teacher relationships, school workload, school environment, feeling vulnerable, personal organisation, achieving independence, anxiety about the future, and relationships with parents. The results and implications for educators, guidance officers and school psychologists working in high schools are presented.