Contribuição a história natural do «Pararu» Scardafella squammata squammata(Lesson) (1)

The main wild doves of the region of Piracicaba (State of S. Paulo, Brazil) are Columba cayennensis sylvestris Vieillot, Oreopeleia montana montana (L.), Leptotila verreauxi decipiens Salvadori, Columbigallina talpacoti talpacoti. (Temminck) and Scardafella squammata squammata (Lesson). The last one is well known for the beauty of the coloration of its feathers and for the characteristic sounds produced when flying up. Of common occurrence around the local farms, that species can easily be recognized not only for the mentioned peculiarities as for the voice of the adults, which was translated into the Brazilian onomatopoeia by the expression "fogo-apagou". S. squammata's biology being not well known, the Author presents some notes on its nidification, behaviour of both sexes and of the young birds. The data were gotten in nature and with specimens kept in captivity, where the reproduction took place. In such a situation, the male dove used thin and small wooden shavings to build the nest, an artificial material unknown by him when in nature. This fact may be considered as another proof of the plasticity of the instinctive conduct of birds, not so marked as the one given by SCHIRCH (1931) concerning Synallaxis sp. (Furnariidae), which made use of wire pieces and also barbed wires in confectioning the nest. The copulation was sometimes verified, being preceded by the phenomena well known in other Columbidae species. The nest had its building ready just on the day in which the first egg was laid. As it generally happens amongst doves, the nest was not carefully made - a simple and shallow bowl (diameter = 10 cm), where two entirely white eggs were put.. .. ..(22,5-24,5 x 18,0-19,0 mm). The eclosion took place 14 days after the laying of the last egg. As soon as the young doves (at least the male one) can feed by themselves, they try to produce the characteristic species sounds. "Pararu", a common name oly applied to another species - Claravis godefrida (Temminck) - is reported, which is preferably used by people in this region to call the studied dove. No differences between the coloration of the fathers of the two sexes were observed. The female dove seemed to be a little thinner than the male. In addition, the slight differences between the sounds produced by the male and female are pointed out.

Mancha de Septoria da alface: isolamento, inoculação e avaliação de cultivares em condições de campo e casa de vegetação

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer metodologias adequadas para o isolamento e inoculação de Septoria lactucae e avaliação de nove cultivares de alface (Lactuca sativa), Vitória-de-Santo-Antão, Uberlândia 10.000, Maioba, Elba, Aurélia, Black Seeded Simpson, Grand Rapids, Salad Bowl-Mimosa e Babá de Verão, quanto aos níveis de resistência à septoriose, em condições de casa de vegetação e campo. Os melhores resultados obtidos foram: a) para isolamento: transferência dos cirros de conídios diretamente para o meio de BDA com os antibióticos estreptomicina, cloranfenicol, ampicilina e rifampicilina; b) para inoculação: aspersão das plantas no estádio de seis a oito folhas com a suspensão de inóculo na concentração de 1 x 10(4)conídios/ml, e manutenção em câmara úmida por 48 h. Houve diferenças significativas entre as cultivares testadas em casa de vegetação e em campo. Tanto em casa de vegetação quanto em teste de campo as cultivares Maioba e Vitória de Santo Antão foram avaliadas como a mais susceptível e a mais resistente, respectivamente. Diante desses resultados, a metodologia de casa de vegetação pode ser considerada como altamente promissora para a avaliação rápida de grande número de variedades ou materiais genéticos, nos trabalhos de melhoramento de alface para a resistência à S. lactucae.

Thistle Theatre

Located inside Brock's Thistle Complex, the Thistle Theatre, which has since been renamed the Sean O'Sullivan Theatre, features a thrust stage and steep rising tiers of seats in a semi circular 'bowl'. Although often described as a 550 seat theatre, in actuality it originally had exactly 543 seats. It is interesting to note that the official number of seats is now 538. The very first production to be held at the theatre was Lysistrata, the Greek comedy by Aristophanes, on July 29, 1969. Since it's opening in 1969, it has been the centre of a great many cultural events and other performances ranging from concerts and plays to lectures and speeches.

Receipt from W.H. Glenny Sons and Co., Buffalo, New York

Receipt from W.H. Glenny Sons and Co., Buffalo, New York for a bowl, decanters and a cordial set, March 3, 1887.

Représentations votives pour la « Dame de Vie » : analyse iconographique des bols de faïence du Nouvel Empire égyptien

La question de recherche à la base de cette étude soulève le point de la nature paradoxale du canon de représentation égyptien qui démontre, simultanément, une certaine rigidité dans l’application de règles stylistiques et iconographiques établies, particulièrement dans l’art non commandité par l’État, et des preuves de transformation et d’intégration de motifs nouveaux. Partant de cette problématique, l’étude vise à identifier les mécanismes par lesquels ce canon permet, à la fois, l’innovation et le maintien d’une certaine tradition. L’approche est de nature double et consiste tout d’abord à identifier de grandes tendances et discontinuités stylistiques et iconographiques sur les bols de faïence du Moyen au Nouvel Empire. De plus, elle tente de déterminer si les transformations d’ordre sociopolitique et idéologique, survenant à ces périodes, peuvent être lues dans les variations stylistiques et iconographiques trouvées sur les bols de faïence. Après une description du champ conceptuel de la « représentation » en contexte égyptien, l’auteur effectue l’analyse iconographique exhaustive de ce qui constitue l’apport majeur de son étude, un corpus de 500 bols et fragments de faïence provenant de divers sites égyptiens du Moyen au Nouvel Empire. Les données ont été traitées par le biais de la méthode d’analyse iconologique proposée par Panofsky, qui lui permet de dévoiler un grand nombre de continuités et de transformations d’ordre stylistique et iconographique pour les différentes périodes. Plusieurs facteurs semblent avoir été à l’origine de ces transformations, dont la fluctuation entre un contexte de centralisation et de décentralisation politique de l’État, ainsi que l’intégration de motifs étrangers (proche-orientaux et égéens) résultant d’un contact accru entre l’Égypte et les régions voisines. De plus, les transformations idéologiques apportées par le règne d’Akhénaton et par la « contre-réforme » idéologique à la période ramesside, semblent avoir également contribué à des innovations au sein du canon, même si ce dernier maintient une certaine continuité légitimée par le pouvoir étatique. Le canon de représentation, devient ainsi une forme de langage dont l’État se sert et qui, parfois malgré lui, se transforme et fluctue selon les réalités des différentes périodes.

m164 VMBA

Magic bowl for success in business

Incidencia del proceso de integración económica y la diplomacia ASEAN Way en la conformación de la Comunidad Económica de la Asean (AEC). Período: 2003-2011

El proyecto de creación de la Comunidad Económica de la ASEAN representa una de las directrices que ha marcado el fenómeno de la integración en el sudeste asiático. Con la llegada del nuevo milenio, éste se ha convertido en un mecanismo de respuesta ante la proliferación de acuerdos de libre comercio de alcance bilateral (noodle bowl), y plurilateral con las economías emergentes de China, Japón y Corea. De igual manera, la organización ha adaptado los lineamientos de su filosofía diplomática conocida como ASEAN Way, dándole un giro de carácter institucional. De la mano de la teoría del intergubernamentalismo liberal de Andrew Moravcsik, la presente monografía analiza el proceso de integración económica y de la diplomacia asiática a partir de las premisas de las preferencias nacionales y negociación interestatal.

La aplicación del TLC entre Colombia y USA en el departamento de Cundinamarca: encuentros y desencuentros en la negociación y sus resultados en el sector avícola. (2003-2014)

Desde que Estados Unidos y Colombia firmaron el Tratado de Libre Comercio se establecieron una serie de acuerdos respecto a diferentes sectores, como lo es el sector avícola. Con su entrada en vigencia se hizo efectiva la desgravación arancelaria y por ende la liberalización de este sector, lo cual pone a la avicultura colombiana y en especial a la avicultura del departamento de Cundinamarca en riesgo debido a los bajos niveles arancelarios que se tienen, así como el diferencial de precios de venta entre Colombia y Estados Unidos. Por tal razón el presente trabajo de grado tiene como objetivo principal analizar los efectos que se han dado por el incumplimiento de los compromisos arancelarios acordados en la negociación del tratado en el sector avícola de Cundinamarca, así como analizar las asimetrías existentes en el nivel de desarrollo económico y la competitividad sectorial.

Análisis de la relación entre la accidentalidad y el incremento de trabajo en un proyecto de la construcción en Colombia durante los años 2012 y 2013

La construcción es una de las industrias que mayores accidentes laborales genera, en esta investigación se realizó un análisis retrospectivo para determinar si existe alguna relación entre la ocurrencia de accidentes y la fecha de entrega de una meta, debido al incremento en la cantidad de trabajo expresado por la cantidad de días y horas extras trabajados, se cuenta con información de la accidentalidad de cinco empresas constructoras de un gran proyecto vial en Colombia en los años de 2012 y 2013. Se analizó la información correspondiente a la nómina de las mismas empresas, con el valor de la nómina mensual, el valor de las incapacidades mensuales y la cantidad de trabajadores por cada empresa en cada periodo. El manejo de los datos se hizo con EXCEL y el análisis estadístico con STATA 11.1, se usó la correlación de Spearman para encontrar la relación entre la cantidad de accidentes acumulados y: la cantidad acumulada de días trabajados en cada mes, la cantidad acumulada de horas extras trabajadas mensualmente y el costo acumulado en porcentaje de la nómina mensual, encontrándose en todos los casos una relación lineal. Por otra parte, se realizó una prueba binomial para establecer la relación de la fecha de entrega de la meta con la accidentalidad 30 días antes y después, encontrando que la accidentalidad aumenta en la proximidad previa a la entrega de la meta

Genotype x environment interaction in the uptake of Cs and Sr from soils by plants

The soil-plant transfer factors for Cs and Sr were analyzed in relationship to soil properties, crops, and varieties of crops. Two crops and two varieties of each crop: lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cv. Salad Bowl Green and cv. Lobjoits Green Cos, and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cv. French Breakfast 3 and cv. Scarlet Globe, were grown on five different soils amended with Cs and Sr to give concentrations of 1 mg kg(-1) and 50 mg kg(-1) of each element. Soil-plant transfer coefficients ranged between 0.12-19.10 (Cs) and 1.48-146.10 (Sr) for lettuce and 0.09-13.24 (Cs) and 2.99-93.00 (Sr) for radish. Uptake of Cs and Sr by plants depended on both plant and soil properties. There were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences between soil-plant transfer factors for each plant type at the two soil concentrations. At each soil concentration about 60% of the variance in the uptake of the Cs and Sr was due to soil properties. For a given concentration of Cs or Sr in soil, the most important factor effecting soil-plant transfer of these elements was the soil properties rather than the crops or varieties of crops. Therefore, for the varieties considered here, soil-plant transfer of Cs and Sr would be best regulated through the management of soil properties. At each concentration of Cs and Sr, the main soil properties effecting the uptake of Cs and Sr by lettuce and radish were the concentrations of K and Ca, pH and CEC. Together with the concentrations of contaminants in soils, they explained about 80% of total data variance, and were the best predictors for soil-plant transfer. The different varieties of lettuce and radish gave different responses in soil-plant transfer of Cs and Sr in different soil conditions, i.e. genotype x environment interaction caused about 30% of the variability in the uptake of Cs and Sr by plants. This means that a plant variety with a low soil-plant transfer of Cs and Sr in one soil could have an increased soil-plant transfer factor in other soils. The broad implications of this work are that in contaminated agricultural lands still used for plant growing, contaminant-excluding crop varieties may not be a reliable method for decreasing contaminant transfer to foodstuffs. Modification of soil properties would be a more reliable technique. This is particularly relevant to agricultural soils in the former USSR still affected by fallout from the Chernobyl disaster.

The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM

The sensitivity of the upper ocean thermal balance of an ocean-atmosphere coupled GCM to lateral ocean physics is assessed. Three 40-year simulations are performed using horizontal mixing, isopycnal mixing, and isopycnal mixing plus eddy induced advection. The thermal adjustment of the coupled system is quite different between the simulations, confirming the major role of ocean mixing on the heat balance of climate. The initial adjustment phase of the upper ocean (SST) is used to diagnose the physical mechanisms involved in each parametrisation. When the lateral ocean physics is modified, significant changes of SST are seen, mainly in the southern ocean. A heat budget of the annual mixed layer (defined as the “bowl”) shows that these changes are due to a modified heat transfer between the bowl and the ocean interior. This modified heat intake of the ocean interior is directly due to the modified lateral ocean physics. In isopycnal diffusion, this heat exchange, especially marked at mid-latitudes, is both due to an increased effective surface of diffusion and to the sign of the isopycnal gradients of temperature at the base of the bowl. As this gradient is proportional to the isopycnal gradient of salinity, this confirms the strong role of salinity in the thermal balance of the coupled system. The eddy induced advection also leads to increased exchanges between the bowl and the ocean interior. This is both due to the shape of the bowl and again to the existence of a salinity structure. The lateral ocean physics is shown to be a significant contributor to the exchanges between the diabatic and the adiabatic parts of the ocean.

The role of flower inclination, depth, and height in the preferences of a pollinating beetle (Coleoptera : Glaphyridae)

Amphicoma ( Glaphyridae) beetles are important pollinators of red bowl-shaped flowers in the Mediterranean. The role of color and shape in flower choice is well studied but the roles of inclination, depth, and height have seldom been investigated. Under field conditions, models were used to experimentally manipulate these three characters and visitation rates of beetles were recorded. Models with red horizontal surfaces were visited significantly more often than models with red vertical surfaces. Shallow flower models were visited significantly more than deeper equivalents. Models below or at the height of natural flower populations elicited significantly more landings than models above the height of flowers. Inclination, depth, and height characteristics are all likely to be important components in the flower preferences exhibited by pollinating beetles.

Changes in liking for a no added salt soup as a function of exposure

Multiple exposures have been shown to increase preference for novel foods or flavours. This "mere exposure" effect is also well known anecdotally for changes in preference for tastants within foods, for example reducing sugar in tea or coffee. However, to date, this phenomenon has received little scientific attention. The present study addressed this issue in relation to changes in preference for salt within soup. Following an initial assessment of liking, familiarity and saltiness of six soups varying in salt content (0 - 337 mg NaCl/ml), thirty-seven participants, previously assessed for their preferred salt level in soup, were allocated to either an exposure group that received 20 ml soup samples with no added salt, to a group that received a 280 ml bowl of this soup, or to a control group that received 20 ml soup samples containing salt at 280mg/100g (within normal, commercial range). Soups were presented on eight occasions, at approximately daily intervals. The two groups receiving the no added salt soup showed increases in liking starting at the third exposure, and also evident in a repeat assessment following the exposures. Increases in familiarity of the no added salt soup were also evident during exposure. Rated saltiness of all soups increased as a function of exposure, so a change in saltiness perception could not account for changes in liking for just the no added salt soups. These data suggest that simple exposure to the taste of the no added salt soup was sufficient to increase liking to a level equivalent to the initially more preferred salt level.

En quoi la narration dans le romanL’Élégance du hérisson permet de bien rendre lamétaphore du « bocal à poissons »? : Une analyse narratologique

Sur la base des travaux de Gérard Genette, en particulier Figures III, uneanalyse narratologique du roman L’Élégance du hérisson (2006) de l’auteur MurielBarbery a été effectuée afin de comprendre les liens qu’il y a entre les spécificités dumode narratif et leurs effets sur l’espace du récit, soit « le bocal à poissons », unemétaphore importante du roman. Ultimement nous répondons à la question suivante :En quoi la narration dans le roman L’Élégance du hérisson permet-elle de bien rendrela métaphore du « bocal à poissons »?