Review of bio-particle manipulation using dielectrophoresis

During the last decade, large and costly instruments are being replaced by system based on microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices hold the promise of combining a small analytical laboratory onto a chip-sized substrate to identify, immobilize, separate, and purify cells, bio-molecules, toxins, and other chemical and biological materials. Compared to conventional instruments, microfluidic devices would perform these tasks faster with higher sensitivity and efficiency, and greater affordability. Dielectrophoresis is one of the enabling technologies for these devices. It exploits the differences in particle dielectric properties to allow manipulation and characterization of particles suspended in a fluidic medium. Particles can be trapped or moved between regions of high or low electric fields due to the polarization effects in non-uniform electric fields. By varying the applied electric field frequency, the magnitude and direction of the dielectrophoretic force on the particle can be controlled. Dielectrophoresis has been successfully demonstrated in the separation, transportation, trapping, and sorting of various biological particles.

Embodied Autonomy in Digital Ecosystems: From Bio-Inspired Agents to Cognitive Systems

This paper proposes to promote autonomy in digital ecosystems so that it provides agents with information to improve the behavior of the digital ecosystem in terms of stability. This work proposes that, in digital ecosystems, autonomous agents can provide fundamental services and information. The final goal is to run the ecosystem, generate novel conditions and let agents exploit them. A set of evaluation measures must be defined as well. We want to provide an outline of some global indicators, such as heterogeneity and diversity, and establish relationships between agent behavior and these global indicators to fully understand interactions between agents, and to understand the dependence and autonomy relations that emerge between the interacting agents. Individual variations, interaction dependencies, and environmental factors are determinants of autonomy that would be considered. The paper concludes with a discussion of situations when autonomy is a milestone

Sistemas bio-inspirados: Un marco teórico para la ingeniería de sistemas complejos

En este texto buscamos sentar las bases para el marco teórico de la ingeniería de sistemas complejos. Hasta la fecha, un marco semejante ha sido apenas enunciado, y en términos bastante generales (Wolfram, 1986). Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha logrado formular un marco semejante que sirva a los ingenieros, a los científicos y a los filósofos para afirmar con seguridad que se tiene ya un marco teórico para la ingeniería de sistemas complejos. Al sentar el siguiente marco trazamos claramente los límites que separan a la ingeniería clásica −incluida la ingeniería de procesos inversos− de la ingeniería de sistemas complejos. Nos encontramos en el centro de una revolución científica y teórica, en términos de T. Kuhn. Luego de separar, de manera rápida, la ingeniería clásica de la ingeniería de sistemas complejos, obtenemos una visión más clara acerca de la ingeniería bio-inspirada. A fin de plantear de manera radical un (nuevo) marco teórico para la ingeniería de sistemas complejos (ISC), procedemos en zigzag así: de un lado, sobre una base al mismo tiempo científica e ingenieril, sugerimos un perímetro orgánico para la ISC; de otra parte, sobre la base de la filosofía y las lógicas no-clásicas, alcanzamos nuevas herramientas conceptuales que profundizan las bases científicas e ingenieriles. Al final se hace claro el horizonte amplio y la visión acerca del marco de la ingeniería de sistemas complejos, a saber: se trata, ulteriormente, de una teoría general de los sistemas complejos. Así, la ISC forma parte de las ciencias de la complejidad.

Plan de Empresa “BIO S.A.S”

BIO S.A.S es una organización que iniciará actividades en septiembre de 2012, y se dedicará a la producción, manipulación y distribución especial más no limitativa de Naranja Tangelo (Mineola). Nuestro producto será comercializado en Chapinero.

Evaluación de la calidad de los establecimientos incorporados al Sistema Nacional de Certificación Ambiental de la provincia de Bio Bio (Chile).

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Aportaciones bio-psico-sociales al estudio de la enfermedad.

Estudiar la conveniencia de estructurar y estudiar una pedagogía y psicología del hombre orgánicamente enfermo, por las repercusiones de índole psicológica, social, económica, familiar, que la enfermedad puede ocasionar. Todo hombre debe tener libertad para elegir su médico, todo hombre debe estar seguro de que cualesquiera que sean las obligaciones del médico ante la sociedad, cuanto confíe al médico y a los que le asisten, permanecerá secreto. Debe tener la garantía de que el médico a quien recurre goza de una total independencia en el plano moral y en el dominio técnico y puede elegir libremente su terapeuta. La vida humana desde su origen y la persona humana en su integridad, material y espiritual, deben ser objeto de un respeto total. Las garantías de estos derechos del paciente implican una política sanitaria resultante de un concierto constante entre los responsables del Estado y de la profesión médico organizada. El objetivo común de la política sanitaria de los estados y de la actividad de las profesiones médicas es la protección de la salud de todos los ciudadanos. Forma parte del deber de los estados tomar todas las disposiciones para asegurar a todas las categorías sociales sin discriminación. Es necesario, coloquio singular entre el médico y el enfermo condición de cualquier política sanitaria y social. Entre el enfermo y su médico debe reinar una confianza recíproca, fundamentada en la certeza de que el médico, en su intervención cerca del enfermo, tiene como valor último la persona humana al servicio de la cual consagra, con conciencia, toda su ciencia. El progreso técnico, base de nuestra civilización industrial y la expansión económica, que es el fruto, tienen como fin natural, especialmente a través de una recta política sanitaria, auxiliar a la realización física y espiritual del hombre de todos los hombres.

Integrating participatory community mobilization processes to improve dengue prevention: an eco-bio-social scaling up of local success in Machala, Ecuador

This project investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of scaling-up an eco-bio-social approach for implementing an integrated community-based approach for dengue prevention in comparison with existing insecticide-based and emerging biolarvicide-based programs in an endemic setting in Machala, Ecuador.

Synthesis of poly(aspartimide)-based bio-glycoconjugates

The purpose of this programme was to synthesize and analyze new bioconjugates of interest for the potential inhibition of the influenza virus, using poly(aspartimide) as a polymer support. The macromolecular targets were obtained by attaching various sialic acid-linker-amine compounds to poly(aspartimide). 1H and 13C NMR studies were then performed to analyze the degree of incorporation of the sialic acid-linker-amine compounds within the poly(aspartimide). These studies illustrated that the incorporation was dependent on the nature of the spacer between the sugar and the amine functionality. Thus aliphatic spacers favoured the inclusion of sialic acid onto the polymer support whereas compounds having only an aromatic moiety between the sialic acid and the amine could not be easily incorporated.

Bio-diversity versus emergencies: the impact of restocking on animal genetic resources after disaster

Restocking is a favoured option in supporting livelihoods after a disaster. With the depletion of local livestock populations, the introduction of new species and breeds will clearly affect biodiversity. Nevertheless, the impact of restocking on Animal Genetic Resources has been largely ignored. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine the consequences of restocking on biodiversity via a simple model. Utilising a hypothetical project based on cattle, the model demonstrates that more than one-third of the population was related to the original restocked animals after three generations. Under conditions of random breed selection, the figure declined to 20 per cent. The tool was then applied to a donor-led restocking project implemented in Bosnia-Herzegovina. By restocking primarily with Simmental cattle, the model demonstrated that the implementation of a single restocking project is likely to have accelerated the decline of the indigenous Buşa breed by a further nine per cent. Thus, greater awareness of the long-term implications of restocking on biodiversity is required.

An exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of UK cattle and sheep farmers

At present, collective action regarding bio-security among UK cattle and sheep farmers is rare. Despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot and mouth disease (FMD), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. To explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio-security behaviour among cattle and sheep farmers in the United Kingdom (UK). In total, we interviewed 121 farmers in South-West England and Wales. The main analytical tools included a content, cluster and logistic regression analysis. The results of the content analysis illustrated apparent 'dissonance' between bio-security attitudes and behaviour.(1) Despite the heavy toll animal disease has taken on the agricultural economy, most study participants were dismissive of the many measures associated with bio-security. Justification for this lack of interest was largely framed in relation to the collective attribution or blame for the disease threats themselves. Indeed, epidemic diseases were largely related to external actors and agents. Reasons for outbreaks included inadequate border control, in tandem with ineffective policies and regulations. Conversely, endemic livestock disease was viewed as a problem for 'bad' farmers and not an issue for those individuals who managed their stock well. As such, there was little utility in forming groups to address what was largely perceived as an individual problem. Further, we found that attitudes toward bio-security did not appear to be influenced by any particular source of information per se. While strong negative attitudes were found toward specific sources of bio-security information, e.g. government leaflets, these appear to simply reflect widely held beliefs. In relation to actual bio-security behaviours, the logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between in-scheme and out of scheme farmers. We concluded that in order to support collective action with regard to bio-security, messages need to be reframed and delivered from a neutral source. Efforts to support group formation must also recognise and address the issues relating to perceptions of social connectedness among the communities involved. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial econometric issues for bio-economic and land-use modelling

We survey the literature on spatial bio-economic and land-use modelling and assess its thematic development. Unobserved site-specific heterogeneity is a feature of almost all the surveyed works, and this feature, it seems, has stimulated significant methodological innovation. In an attempt to improve the suitability with which the prototype incorporates heterogeneity, we consider modelling alternatives and extensions. We discuss solutions and conjecture others.

Spatial econometric issues for bio-economic and land-use modelling

We survey the literature on spatial bio-economic and land-use modelling and assess its thematic development. Unobserved site-specific heterogeneity is a feature of almost all the surveyed works, and this feature, it seems, has stimulated significant methodological innovation. In an attempt to improve the suitability with which the prototype incorporates heterogeneity, we consider modelling alternatives and extensions. We discuss solutions and conjecture others.