Welche Typen von Autokratien sind leistungsfähiger und warum? : eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage der Selektoratstheorie = Which type of autocracy performs better, and why?

Performanzunterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Autokratietypen wie Monarchien, Militär-, Ein-Parteien- und begrenzten Mehr-Parteien-Regimen sind bis auf wenige Ausnahmen bisher relativ unerforscht. Deshalb widmet sich diese Arbeit folgenden Forschungsfragen: Gibt es Performanzunterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Autokratietypen? Wenn ja, wie gestalten sich diese und wie lassen sie sich erklären? Auf Grundlage der Selektoratstheorie von Bueno de Mesquite et al. wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass die Performanz politischer Regime mit der Größe der Winning Coalition steigt. Da verschiedene Autokratietypen unterschiedlich große Winning Coalitions haben, wird angenommen, dass es deutliche Performanzunterschiede zwischen diesen Typen gibt. Als Performanzkriterien dienen in dieser Arbeit wirtschaftlicher Wohlstand, soziale Sicherheit und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit. Aus diesen drei Kriterien wird zusätzlich ein Indikator allgemeiner Performanz gebildet. Die empirische Untersuchung erfolgt mit den Daten des Quality-of-Governement-Datensatzes und erstreckt sich über 140 autokratische Länder im Zeitraum von 1972 bis 2010. Die Daten werden mittels Time-Series-Cross-Section-Regressionen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen entsprechen nur teilweise den Erwartungen. Die Größe der Winning Coalition wirkt positiv auf die wirtschaftliche Wohlfahrt und die soziale Sicherheit und damit auch auf die allgemeine Performanz aus. Entgegen den Erwartungen sinkt die ökologische Performanz jedoch mit steigender Größe der Winning Coalition. Auch die Befunde bezüglich der Performanz verschiedener Autokratietypen entsprechen nicht den Erwartungen. So sind Ein-Parteien-Regime insgesamt leistungsfähiger als Mehr-Parteien-Regime, Militär-Regime und Monarchien. Militär-Regime sind leistungsfähiger als Monarchien und tendenziell auch als Mehr-Parteien-Regime.

Funktionelle Analyse von intrazellulären Signalwegen bei der Migration der embryonalen peripheren Gliazellen von Drosophila melanogaster

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Signalwege untersucht, die an der Migration der embryona-len peripheren Gliazellen (ePG) beteiligt sind. Der Fokus lag dabei auf Myoblast city (Mbc). Zunächst wurden dazu unterschiedliche mbc Mutanten analysiert, bei denen es zu starken glialen Migrationsdefekten kommt. Um die auftretenden Phänotypen quantitativ zu analysieren, wurde eine Methode entwickelt um die Position der Pionierglia ePG9 zu bestimmen. Dies ermöglicht es, auch sehr subtile gliale Migrationsphänotypen zu detektieren. Durch knock-down Experimente konnte gezeigt werden, dass Mbc eine zellautonome Rolle bei der glialen Migration spielt. Besonders interessant ist die Tatsache, dass während der Migration der ePG eine alternativ gespleißte Isoform benötigt wird, die bisher kaum untersucht wurde. Durch Strukturvorhersagen konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich der Bereich in dem sich die beiden Isoformen unterscheiden, in einer Region liegt, die sich zu HEAT-repeats faltet. Mbc-PB scheint somit über einen Bereich zu verfügen, der im Vergleich zu Mbc-PA, zusätzliche Interaktionen erlaubt. Zudem scheint es mehrere Phosphorylierungsstellen zu geben, die für die Inaktivierung von Mbc-PB notwendig sind. Die Kinase Wallenda konnte als Kandidat identifiziert werden, der für die Phosphorylierung von Mbc-PB verantwortlich ist. Weitere Experimente zeigten eine einen zellautonomen Einfluss von Mbc-PB auf ePG7, die indirekt die Migration der Pionierglia ePG9 beeinflusst.

Vergleichende Analyse der Textsorte Audioguide im deutschen Sprachraum und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten auf die Übersetzung eines Multimedia-Guides aus dem Italienischen ins Deutsche (Analisi contrastiva dell'audioguida come tipo testuale nelle aree germanofone e possibili applicazioni alla traduzione di una guida multimediale dall'italiano al tedesco)

La parte centrale di questo elaborato consiste nella traduzione della guida multimediale della Biblioteca Malatestiana di Cesena dall’italiano al tedesco che include un'audioguida e un Ibook. Siccome non è stato possibile reperire materiale teorico sulle convenzioni testuali e la traduzione di audioguide, è stata condotta un’analisi contrastiva di sette audioguide delle aree germanofone (Germania, Austria, Svizzera e Alto Adige) con l’obiettivo di individuare le caratteristiche testuali comuni. In una fase successiva è stato effettuato un confronto tra i risultati dell’analisi contrastiva e il testo di partenza per individuare le possibilità di applicazione dei risultati. Infine, vengono commentate anche le scelte traduttive in generale, legate soprattutto a fattori sintattici e pragmatici.

Germanismen in der slowakischen Sprache: Analyse und praktische Glossare für Dolmetscher.

Il presente elaborato finale ha l’obiettivo di effettuare una ricerca, un’analisi e una catalogazione in glossari dei germanismi all’interno della lingua slovacca, la quale presenta all’incirca tremila termini provenienti dalle lingue germano-tedesche. Sulla base del lavoro svolto precedentemente da numerosi linguisti slovacchi (tra cui Petrovič, Žilová, Adamcová, Dolník, Decsy, Habovštiak, Habovštiaková, Žigo, Múcsková, Blanár, Doruľa, Palkovič, Papsonová, Kozmová) e altri linguisti germanofoni e ungheresi (tra cui Ziegler, Greule, Meier, Toth, Rudolf, Muhr) è stato raccolto il materiale fondamentale per la stesura della presente tesi di laurea. Tuttavia l’opera che getta le basi per l’analisi è Sprachontakte Deutsch - Tschechisch - Slowakisch dello slavista e professore presso l’Università di Vienna Stephan Michael Newerkla, il quale ha stilato un vero e proprio dizionario dei germanismi presenti nello slovacco e nel ceco suddividendoli in categorie temporali, a cominciare dal gotico per finire con il nuovo tedesco standard. All’interno della sua opera l’autore austriaco ha inserito anche le parole che solo presumibilmente o secondo alcuni precedenti linguisti avrebbero origine germanica e i termini la cui presunta provenienza dal tedesco è stata riconosciuta come erronea; nel presente elaborato sono state prese in considerazione invece solo le parole di certa origine tedesca. Le parole sono state selezionate e suddivise in quattordici categorie semantico-lessicali: 1. Industria mineraria, utensili, numismatica e minerali, 2. Edifici, locali e arredamento, 3. Tessuti e stoffe, 4. Strumenti musicali, 5. Vestiti, 6. Alimentari e consumo, 7. Termini bellici, 8. Persone e funzioni, 9. Piante ed elementi chimici, 10. Religione e costumi, 11. Animali e le loro parti del corpo, 12. Verbi, 13. Aggettivi, 14. Parole rimanenti In ogni singolo glossario vi sono tre colonne: nella prima si trova il termine slovacco accompagnato dalla sua definizione, nella seconda vi è la traduzione della parola in italiano e nella terza il significato e la spiegazione dell’origine in tedesco. Al presente elaborato viene allegato un appendice finale in cui sono riportati in ordine alfabetico tutti i germanismi analizzati assieme a quelli non più in uso.

Le projet Lbc, une ressource "hybride" au service du traducteur dans le domaine artistique et culturel. Analyse de la terminologie de la sculpture dans les traductions francaises de la Vita di Michelangelo

Il presente lavoro mette in evidenza le principali difficoltà che il traduttore di testi specialistici è chiamato ad affrontare durante la pratica della traduzione. In particolar modo, il nostro studio si concentra sulla figura del traduttore che lavora in ambito artistico : oggigiorno la facilità degli spostamenti e il conseguente aumento del turismo culturale hanno reso la traduzione di dépliant, guide turistiche e cataloghi una pratica necessaria e in continua crescita. L’obiettivo prefissato è quello di verificare l’apporto che le risorse lessicografiche e terminologiche attualmente disponibili danno al traduttore di testi a contenuto artistico. Il nostro lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli. Il primo, di stampo teorico, pone l’accento sulla natura polisemica della parola terminologia (disciplina, metodologia e insieme di termini appartenenti ad un ambito specialistico) e sulla distinzione tra pratica terminologica e traduttiva gettando le basi del secondo capitolo che, partendo dall'esposizione degli ostacoli terminologici incontrati dal traduttore, descrive le lacune dei principali dizionari bilingui italiano-francese e delle basi di dati terminologiche oggi a disposizione. Il terzo capitolo, dedicato alla presentazione del progetto Lessico multilingue dei beni culturali (LBC), ne evidenzia i punti di forza e sottolinea la necessità di creare degli strumenti “ibridi”, concepiti per aiutare il traduttore in ambito artistico. Questa conclusione sarà ulteriormente ribadita nel quarto capitolo, di stampo pratico : l’analisi di una quindicina di termini dell’ambito della scultura (estratti dal corpus de La Vita di Michelangelo, appositamente creato nell'ambito del progetto LBC) mostra l’eccessivo numero di strumenti che il traduttore è costretto a consultare per risolvere adeguatamente le difficoltà incontrate, pratica che non rispecchia più il mestiere della traduzione, all'interno della società dell’informazione, sempre più influenzato dalle scadenze imposte.

Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis

Objective To analyse the available evidence on cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Design Network meta-analysis. Data sources Bibliographic databases, conference proceedings, study registers, the Food and Drug Administration website, reference lists of relevant articles, and reports citing relevant articles through the Science Citation Index (last update July 2009). Manufacturers of celecoxib and lumiracoxib provided additional data. Study selection All large scale randomised controlled trials comparing any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or placebo. Two investigators independently assessed eligibility. Data extraction The primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included stroke, death from cardiovascular disease, and death from any cause. Two investigators independently extracted data. Data synthesis 31 trials in 116 429 patients with more than 115 000 patient years of follow-up were included. Patients were allocated to naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, celecoxib, etoricoxib, rofecoxib, lumiracoxib, or placebo. Compared with placebo, rofecoxib was associated with the highest risk of myocardial infarction (rate ratio 2.12, 95% credibility interval 1.26 to 3.56), followed by lumiracoxib (2.00, 0.71 to 6.21). Ibuprofen was associated with the highest risk of stroke (3.36, 1.00 to 11.6), followed by diclofenac (2.86, 1.09 to 8.36). Etoricoxib (4.07, 1.23 to 15.7) and diclofenac (3.98, 1.48 to 12.7) were associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular death. Conclusions Although uncertainty remains, little evidence exists to suggest that any of the investigated drugs are safe in cardiovascular terms. Naproxen seemed least harmful. Cardiovascular risk needs to be taken into account when prescribing any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Türkische Übersetzung und erste psychometrische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen FAMOS (Fragebogen zur Analyse Motivationaler Schemata) und INK (Inkongruenzfragebogen)

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Standardisierte psychologische Messinstrumente in der Psychotherapie für Personen mit Migrationshintergrund fehlen weitgehend. Fragestellungen: Die türkischsprachigen Übersetzungen des Fragebogens zur Analyse Motivationaler Schemata (FAMOS) und des Inkongruenzfragebogens (INK) wurden in die türkische Sprache übersetzt und psychometrisch überprüft. Methode: Insgesamt füllten 73 türkischsprachige Patienten und 230 gesunde türkischsprachige Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in der Schweiz FAMOS und INK aus. Ergebnisse: Die Skalen von FAMOS und INK zeigen gute Reliabilität und Validität. Patienten weisen stärker ausgeprägte Vermeidungsziele und Inkongruenzwerte als gesunde Personen auf. Schlussfolgerungen: Die türkischen Versionen von FAMOS und INK eignen sich sowohl für die klinisch-psychologische Forschung als auch für die Praxis.

Comparison of two non-bronchoscopic methods for evaluating inflammation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure

INTRODUCTION: The simple bedside method for sampling undiluted distal pulmonary edema fluid through a normal suction catheter (s-Cath) has been experimentally and clinically validated. However, there are no data comparing non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) and s-Cath for assessing lung inflammation in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. We designed a prospective study in two groups of patients, those with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and those with acute cardiogenic lung edema (ACLE), designed to investigate the clinical feasibility of these techniques and to evaluate inflammation in both groups using undiluted sampling obtained by s-Cath. To test the interchangeability of the two methods in the same patient for studying the inflammation response, we further compared mini-BAL and s-Cath for agreement of protein concentration and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). METHODS: Mini-BAL and s-Cath sampling was assessed in 30 mechanically ventilated patients, 21 with ALI/ARDS and 9 with ACLE. To analyse agreement between the two sampling techniques, we considered only simultaneously collected mini-BAL and s-Cath paired samples. The protein concentration and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) count comparisons were performed using undiluted sampling. Bland-Altman plots were used for assessing the mean bias and the limits of agreement between the two sampling techniques; comparison between groups was performed by using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U test; continuous variables were compared by using the Student t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, analysis of variance or Student-Newman-Keuls test; and categorical variables were compared by using chi-square analysis or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Using protein content and PMN percentage as parameters, we identified substantial variations between the two sampling techniques. When the protein concentration in the lung was high, the s-Cath was a more sensitive method; by contrast, as inflammation increased, both methods provided similar estimates of neutrophil percentages in the lung. The patients with ACLE showed an increased PMN count, suggesting that hydrostatic lung edema can be associated with a concomitant inflammatory process. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences between the s-Cath and mini-BAL sampling techniques, indicating that these procedures cannot be used interchangeably for studying the lung inflammatory response in patients with acute hypoxaemic lung injury.

“Facebook Style”: The use of non-standard features in virtual speech conditioned by the medium Facebook

Facebook is a medium of social interaction producing its own style. I study how users from Malaga create this style through phonic features of the local variety and how they reflect on the use of these features. I then analyse the use of non-standard features by users from Malaga and compare them to an oral corpus. Results demonstrate that social factors work differently in real and virtual speech. Facebook communication is seen as a style serving to create social meaning and to express linguistic identity.

Neuropeptide Y restores non-receptor-mediated vasoconstrictive action in superior mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension

BACKGROUND & AIMS Vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors contributes to splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and hemodynamic dysregulation in portal hypertension. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic cotransmitter, has been shown to improve adrenergic vascular contractility in portal hypertensive rats and markedly attenuate hyperdynamic circulation. To further characterize the NPY-effects in portal hypertension, we investigated its role for non-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of portal vein ligated (PVL) and sham-operated rats. METHODS Ex vivo SMA perfusion of PVL and sham rats was used to analyse the effects of NPY on pressure response to non-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Dose-response curves to KCl (30-300 mM) were used to bypass G protein-coupled receptor mechanisms. Potential involvement of the cyclooxygenase-pathway was tested by non-selective cyclooxygenase-inhibition using indomethacin. RESULTS KCl-induced vascular contractility but not vascular sensitivity was significantly attenuated in PVL rats as compared with sham rats. Administration of NPY resulted in an augmentation of KCl-evoked vascular sensitivity being not different between study groups. However, KCl-induced vascular contractility was markedly more enhanced in PVL rats, thus, vascular response was no more significantly different between PVL and sham rats after addition of NPY. Administration of indomethacin abolished the NPY-induced enhancement of vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS Receptor-independent vascular contractility is impaired in mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension. NPY improves non-receptor mediated mesenteric vasoconstriction more effective in portal hypertension than in healthy conditions correcting splanchnic vascular hyporesponsiveness. This beneficial vasoactive action of NPY adds to its well known more pronounced effects on adrenergic vasoconstriction in portal hypertension making it a promising therapeutic agent in portal hypertension.

Consideraciones de diseño de adaptación activa para antenas cargadas con circuitos non-Foster

In this paper the use of the NDF is proposed as a general method suitable for analysing any oscillator topology. The most important advantage of this method is that it provides an unique procedure to analyse any oscillator. It also makes possible the phase noise optimization in the linear design phase for any oscillator. An additional advantage of this method is that it does not require any proviso verification as all classic methods need. The use of the NDF method is illustrated with the design of two examples. These two oscillators are manufactured and the simulation results are compared with the measurements showing good agreement. These results confirm the excellent possibilities of the proposed method for low noise oscillators design.

Non-invasive user monitoring in daily tasks for cognitive rehabilitation

El uso de técnicas para la monitorización del movimiento humano generalmente permite a los investigadores analizar la cinemática y especialmente las capacidades motoras en aquellas actividades de la vida cotidiana que persiguen un objetivo concreto como pueden ser la preparación de bebidas y comida, e incluso en tareas de aseo. Adicionalmente, la evaluación del movimiento y el comportamiento humanos en el campo de la rehabilitación cognitiva es esencial para profundizar en las dificultades que algunas personas encuentran en la ejecución de actividades diarias después de accidentes cerebro-vasculares. Estas dificultades están principalmente asociadas a la realización de pasos secuenciales y al reconocimiento del uso de herramientas y objetos. La interpretación de los datos sobre la actitud de este tipo de pacientes para reconocer y determinar el nivel de éxito en la ejecución de las acciones, y para ampliar el conocimiento en las enfermedades cerebrales, sus consecuencias y severidad, depende totalmente de los dispositivos usados para la captura de esos datos y de la calidad de los mismos. Más aún, existe una necesidad real de mejorar las técnicas actuales de rehabilitación cognitiva contribuyendo al diseño de sistemas automáticos para crear una especie de terapeuta virtual que asegure una vida más independiente de estos pacientes y reduzca la carga de trabajo de los terapeutas. Con este objetivo, el uso de sensores y dispositivos para obtener datos en tiempo real de la ejecución y estado de la tarea de rehabilitación es esencial para también contribuir al diseño y entrenamiento de futuros algoritmos que pudieran reconocer errores automáticamente para informar al paciente acerca de ellos mediante distintos tipos de pistas como pueden ser imágenes, mensajes auditivos o incluso videos. La tecnología y soluciones existentes en este campo no ofrecen una manera totalmente robusta y efectiva para obtener datos en tiempo real, por un lado, porque pueden influir en el movimiento del propio paciente en caso de las plataformas basadas en el uso de marcadores que necesitan sensores pegados en la piel; y por otro lado, debido a la complejidad o alto coste de implantación lo que hace difícil pensar en la idea de instalar un sistema en el hospital o incluso en la casa del paciente. Esta tesis presenta la investigación realizada en el campo de la monitorización del movimiento de pacientes para proporcionar un paso adelante en términos de detección, seguimiento y reconocimiento del comportamiento de manos, gestos y cara mediante una manera no invasiva la cual puede mejorar la técnicas actuales de rehabilitación cognitiva para la adquisición en tiempo real de datos sobre el comportamiento del paciente y la ejecución de la tarea. Para entender la importancia del marco de esta tesis, inicialmente se presenta un resumen de las principales enfermedades cognitivas y se introducen las consecuencias que tienen en la ejecución de tareas de la vida diaria. Más aún, se investiga sobre las metodologías actuales de rehabilitación cognitiva. Teniendo en cuenta que las manos son la principal parte del cuerpo para la ejecución de tareas manuales de la vida cotidiana, también se resumen las tecnologías existentes para la captura de movimiento de manos. Una de las principales contribuciones de esta tesis está relacionada con el diseño y evaluación de una solución no invasiva para detectar y seguir las manos durante la ejecución de tareas manuales de la vida cotidiana que a su vez involucran la manipulación de objetos. Esta solución la cual no necesita marcadores adicionales y está basada en una cámara de profundidad de bajo coste, es robusta, precisa y fácil de instalar. Otra contribución presentada se centra en el reconocimiento de gestos para detectar el agarre de objetos basado en un sensor infrarrojo de última generación, y también complementado con una cámara de profundidad. Esta nueva técnica, y también no invasiva, sincroniza ambos sensores para seguir objetos específicos además de reconocer eventos concretos relacionados con tareas de aseo. Más aún, se realiza una evaluación preliminar del reconocimiento de expresiones faciales para analizar si es adecuado para el reconocimiento del estado de ánimo durante la tarea. Por su parte, todos los componentes y algoritmos desarrollados son integrados en un prototipo simple para ser usado como plataforma de monitorización. Se realiza una evaluación técnica del funcionamiento de cada dispositivo para analizar si es adecuada para adquirir datos en tiempo real durante la ejecución de tareas cotidianas reales. Finalmente, se estudia la interacción con pacientes reales para obtener información del nivel de usabilidad del prototipo. Dicha información es esencial y útil para considerar una rehabilitación cognitiva basada en la idea de instalación del sistema en la propia casa del paciente al igual que en el hospital correspondiente. ABSTRACT The use of human motion monitoring techniques usually let researchers to analyse kinematics, especially in motor strategies for goal-oriented activities of daily living, such as the preparation of drinks and food, and even grooming tasks. Additionally, the evaluation of human movements and behaviour in the field of cognitive rehabilitation is essential to deep into the difficulties some people find in common activities after stroke. This difficulties are mainly associated with sequence actions and the recognition of tools usage. The interpretation of attitude data of this kind of patients in order to recognize and determine the level of success of the execution of actions, and to broaden the knowledge in brain diseases, consequences and severity, depends totally on the devices used for the capture of that data and the quality of it. Moreover, there is a real need of improving the current cognitive rehabilitation techniques by contributing to the design of automatic systems to create a kind of virtual therapist for the improvement of the independent life of these stroke patients and to reduce the workload of the occupational therapists currently in charge of them. For this purpose, the use of sensors and devices to obtain real time data of the execution and state of the rehabilitation task is essential to also contribute to the design and training of future smart algorithms which may recognise errors to automatically provide multimodal feedback through different types of cues such as still images, auditory messages or even videos. The technology and solutions currently adopted in the field don't offer a totally robust and effective way for obtaining real time data, on the one hand, because they may influence the patient's movement in case of marker-based platforms which need sensors attached to the skin; and on the other hand, because of the complexity or high cost of implementation, which make difficult the idea of installing a system at the hospital or even patient's home. This thesis presents the research done in the field of user monitoring to provide a step forward in terms of detection, tracking and recognition of hand movements, gestures and face via a non-invasive way which could improve current techniques for cognitive rehabilitation for real time data acquisition of patient's behaviour and execution of the task. In order to understand the importance of the scope of the thesis, initially, a summary of the main cognitive diseases that require for rehabilitation and an introduction of the consequences on the execution of daily tasks are presented. Moreover, research is done about the actual methodology to provide cognitive rehabilitation. Considering that the main body members involved in the completion of a handmade daily task are the hands, the current technologies for human hands movements capture are also highlighted. One of the main contributions of this thesis is related to the design and evaluation of a non-invasive approach to detect and track user's hands during the execution of handmade activities of daily living which involve the manipulation of objects. This approach does not need the inclusion of any additional markers. In addition, it is only based on a low-cost depth camera, it is robust, accurate and easy to install. Another contribution presented is focused on the hand gesture recognition for detecting object grasping based on a brand new infrared sensor, and also complemented with a depth camera. This new, and also non-invasive, solution which synchronizes both sensors to track specific tools as well as recognize specific events related to grooming is evaluated. Moreover, a preliminary assessment of the recognition of facial expressions is carried out to analyse if it is adequate for recognizing mood during the execution of task. Meanwhile, all the corresponding hardware and software developed are integrated in a simple prototype with the purpose of being used as a platform for monitoring the execution of the rehabilitation task. Technical evaluation of the performance of each device is carried out in order to analyze its suitability to acquire real time data during the execution of real daily tasks. Finally, a kind of healthcare evaluation is also presented to obtain feedback about the usability of the system proposed paying special attention to the interaction with real users and stroke patients. This feedback is quite useful to consider the idea of a home-based cognitive rehabilitation as well as a possible hospital installation of the prototype.

Analyse des événements festifs et religieux dans le Petit Maghreb sous l'approche de la médiation

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade Maîtrise (M.Sc.) en criminologie option sécurité intérieure

Analyse des événements festifs et religieux dans le Petit Maghreb sous l'approche de la médiation

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade Maîtrise (M.Sc.) en criminologie option sécurité intérieure

Exploring synonymous codon usage preferences of disulfide-bonded and non-disulfide bonded cysteines in the E-coli genome

High-quality data about protein structures and their gene sequences are essential to the understanding of the relationship between protein folding and protein coding sequences. Firstly we constructed the EcoPDB database, which is a high-quality database of Escherichia coli genes and their corresponding PDB structures. Based on EcoPDB, we presented a novel approach based on information theory to investigate the correlation between cysteine synonymous codon usages and local amino acids flanking cysteines, the correlation between cysteine synonymous codon usages and synonymous codon usages of local amino acids flanking cysteines, as well as the correlation between cysteine synonymous codon usages and the disulfide bonding states of cysteines in the E. coli genome. The results indicate that the nearest neighboring residues and their synonymous codons of the C-terminus have the greatest influence on the usages of the synonymous codons of cysteines and the usage of the synonymous codons has a specific correlation with the disulfide bond formation of cysteines in proteins. The correlations may result from the regulation mechanism of protein structures at gene sequence level and reflect the biological function restriction that cysteines pair to form disulfide bonds. The results may also be helpful in identifying residues that are important for synonymous codon selection of cysteines to introduce disulfide bridges in protein engineering and molecular biology. The approach presented in this paper can also be utilized as a complementary computational method and be applicable to analyse the synonymous codon usages in other model organisms. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.