1000 resultados para Abuso de substâncias por via intravenosa
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In this review recent methods developed and applied to solve criminal occurences related to documentoscopy, ballistic and drugs of abuse are discussed. In documentoscopy, aging of ink writings, the sequence of line crossings and counterfeiting of documents are aspects to be solved with reproducible, fast and non-destructive methods. In ballistic, the industries are currently producing ''lead-free'' or ''nontoxic'' handgun ammunitions, so new methods of gunshot residues characterization are being presented. For drugs analysis, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is shown to provide a relatively simple and selective screening tool to distinguish m-CPP and amphetamines (MDMA) tablets, cocaine and LSD.
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Annatto seeds do not germinate during early stages of their development because of insufficient reserve substances. In situ analysis showed that the principal reserves are proteins and starch, deposited in endosperm cells. During the early stages of development, the starch grains were elliptic, because amylose was the minor component. During development, these grains became more spherical due to an increase in amylose relative to amylopectin. Endosperm cells do not contain protein bodies, but they accumulate proteins dispersed in the cytoplasm. At the final stage of development the proteins became compacted due to the dehydration of the seeds wich is part of the global process of orthodox seeds maturation. Natural fluorescence revealed aromatic amino acids, principally tryptophan and tyrosine in the proteins. The seeds reached their maximum dry weight after moisture contents had declined to around 60%. At this point the seeds presented maximum germination capacity.
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Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.
Resumo:
Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.
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This paper describes a topiramate induced acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. This rare adverse effect is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by uveal effusion and lens forward displacement, leading to increased intraocular pressure and vision loss. We describe a 55 year-old white woman with migraine, spasmodic torticollis and essential tremor, who developed bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma, one week after starting topiramate 25 mg/day. She was seen at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Fundação João Penido Burnier (Campinas, SP, Brazil) with a 4 hours history of blurry vision, ocular pain and bright flashes vision. Slit lamp examination revealed moderate conjunctival injection and corneal edema, and shallow anterior chambers. Intraocular pressure was 48 mmHg in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination findings were normal. She was treated with timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, pilocarpine, prednisone acetate eye drops and acetazolamide. One hour after those measures, as the intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg, she received a manitol intravenous injection and the intraocular pressure normalized. After 24 hours an iridotomy with Yag laser was performed. Topiramate was discontinued and she was totally recovered after one week.
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A anomalia do epicarpo da goiaba, comumente relatada por agricultores e técnicos como o "anelamento juvenil da goiaba", tem causado preocupação devido à desinformação sobre o assunto. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar quimicamente as concentrações de substâncias fenólicas e carotenoides na região do epicarpo de goiabas afetadas pelo "anelamento", visando a caracterizar essa anomalia previamente relatada. Foram analisadas substâncias fenólicas (taninos, flavonas/flavonóis, antocianinas e fenóis totais) e carotenoides em epicarpos de frutos verdes e maduros de goiabeiras cv. Paluma, com e sem anomalia. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo estabelecidos seis tratamentos com o epicarpo dos frutos maduro sem anomalia na região inferior (FMSI); frutos maduros sem injuria na região superior (FMSS); frutos verdes sem anomalia na região inferior (FVSI); frutos verdes sem anomalia na região superior (FVSS); frutos verdes com anomalia na região inferior (FVCI); frutos verdes com anomalia na região superior (FVCS). Dentre as substâncias analisadas, os carotenoides, os taninos e os fenóis totais mostram indicativos para a caracterização do anelamento. Tanto substâncias fenólicas quanto carotenoides apresentam propriedades antioxidantes e, dessa forma, poderiam estar relacionadas à defesa antioxidante causada por um fator de estresse ainda desconhecido, que promove o "anelamento" característico apresentado pelas goiabas.
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The aim of this study was to look for evidence of allelochemicals in B. decumbens, in parts of the plant from where they could easily be released to the environment. The germination inhibition of Phalaris canariensis, Lactuca sativa (standard species) and Melinis minutiflora, another invasive African grass, was tested using B. decumbens germinating seeds and aqueous leachates of the roots, green and senescent leaves, at 5, 10 and 20% w/v. Both the germinating seeds and the aqueous leachates of B. decumbens reduced the germination of the species tested; the effectiveness of the aqueous leachates increased according to concentration. Apparently, the competitive advantage of B. decumbens in the cerrados could be amplified via allelopathy.
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Copper electrode can be used for determination of complexing compounds through complexation reactions between Cu(II) and the analites. In this work some studies with three compounds were performed: glycine (precursor of glyphosate synthesis), herbicide glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (main metabolite of glyphosate). These compounds are complexing agents for Cu electrodes. Through simple experiments (cyclic voltammetry and corrosion studies) the applicability of the copper electrode as electrochemical sensor for complexing compounds in flow systems was presented.
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The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the apparent molecular size of aquatic humic substances on the effectiveness of coagulation with ferric chloride. Coagulation-filtration tests using jar test and bench-scale sand filters were carried out on samples of water with true color of approximately 100 Hazen units, prepared with aquatic humic substances of different molecular sizes (F1: < 0.45 µm, F2: 100 kDa - 0.45 µm, F3: 30 - 100 kDa and F4': < 30 kDa). For the water samples with lower apparent molecular size fractions, greater dosages of coagulant was needed to remove the color around 5.0 Hanzen units, mainly because these water samples contain higher concentrations of fulvic acids, which exhibited a larger number of negatively-charged groups.
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Celulose de linter foi acetilada, visando obter acetatos de celulose com diferentes Graus de Substituição (GS) em meio homogêneo, usando cloreto de lítio/N,N-dimetilacetamida (LiCl/DMAc) como sistema de solvente, e anidrido acético como reagente acetilante. A agregação entre cadeias de celulose ou acetatos de celulose (GS 0,8, 1,5 e 2,0) em solução foi avaliada através de medidas viscosimétricas. Os resultados mostraram que a formação de agregados no sistema de solvente utilizado (LiCl/DMAc) é diferente para celulose e acetatos, e dependente da temperatura e do GS, no caso dos acetatos. Este trabalho corresponde à primeira etapa de um estudo em que se pretende preparar filmes de acetatos, assim como de acetatos reforçados com celulose, diretamente a partir de soluções destes em LiCl/DMAc. Os resultados apresentados permitem uma escolha melhor embasada do intervalo de concentração mais adequado para preparação de filmes, a partir de soluções de acetatos e celulose nesse sistema de solvente.
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Com base nas grandes modificações das propriedades de materiais poliméricos resultantes da inclusão de unidades organometálicas, descrevem-se neste trabalho a síntese e a caracterização de um polímero organometálico conjugado com estrutura semelhante à de poli(p-fenilenovinileno) (PPV), o qual apresenta grupos 1,1'-ferrocenileno no lugar de 1,4fenileno em sua cadeia principal. Sintetizado por meio de reação de acoplamento de McMurry de 1,1'-ferrocenodialdeído, o poli(1,1'-ferrocenilenovinileno) (PFV) se apresentou na forma de um sólido de cor laranja, amorfo e insolúvel tanto em solventes polares quanto em apolares. Para caracterização do PFV, empregaram-se os métodos de espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), espectroscopia Raman e análise termogravimétrica (TGA).
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Estudo descritivo e de corte transversal que objetivou conhecer as características do abuso sexual em crianças e adolescentes de zero a 14 anos, a partir dos casos registrados nos Conselhos Tutelares e programas de atendimento do município de Londrina-PR, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário e posteriormente analisados por frequência (absoluta e relativa) e proporção. Dos 186 casos, as vítimas foram predominantemente do sexo feminino (74,2%) e o risco de incidência foi maior na idade de 10 anos entre as meninas (coeficiente de cinco por 1.000); 97,3% dos agressores eram do sexo masculino; maior parte dos abusos ocorreu na residência das vítimas (52,7%) e durou menos de seis meses (57%). Houve lesão corporal em 90,3% dos casos, com seqüela física e psicológica em 97,8%. O abuso sexual entre crianças e adolescentes constitui-se um problema de saúde pública, além da estreita interface com as questões policiais e jurídicas.
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O abuso de drogas por adolescentes é, atualmente, um grave problema de saúde pública. Nessa área, a questão do tratamento destaca-se como um grande desafio, principalmente pelo fato de a maioria das intervenções não estar adaptada às especificidades desse público. Neste trabalho, serão apresentados os resultados de uma investigação que visou analisar o tratamento destinado a adolescentes em uma modalidade de atenção distinta das abordagens tradicionais da área da saúde: a comunidade terapêutica. Buscou-se compreender as concepções e práticas de atenção da instituição pesquisada, comparando-as com o prescrito pelas políticas públicas do setor. Os métodos utilizados foram a descrição etnográfica e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sugerem uma defasagem entre o prescrito pelas políticas públicas e a realidade da comunidade terapêutica pesquisada, a qual, apesar de proporcionar acolhimento às adolescentes, dificulta o desenvolvimento de suas singularidades e potencialidades devido à ênfase no "modelo moral" de tratamento da drogadição.
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Contextos de violência e de consumo de álcool e drogas são nesse texto tratados a partir dos conceitos de sociedade de risco e reflexividade social, são expostas e discutidas pesquisas empíricas que relacionaram as duas situações, destacando-se a necessidade de não se estabelecer determinações entre esses contextos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de aprofundar a discussão da redução de riscos sociais tanto em relação ao consumo como em relação à violência
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A simple, fast, and complete route for the production of methylic and ethylic biodiesel from tucum oil is described. Aliquots of the oil obtained directly from pressed tucum (pulp and almonds) were treated with potassium methoxide or ethoxide at 40 degrees C for 40 min. The biodiesel form was removed from the reactor and washed with 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution. A simple distillation at 100 degrees C was carried out in order to remove water and alcohol species from the biodiesel. The oxidative stability index was obtained for the tucum oil as well as the methylic and ethylic biodiesel at 6.13, 2.90, and 2.80 h, for storage times higher than 8 days. Quality control of the original oil and of the methylic and ethylic biodiesels, such as the amount of glycerin produced during the transesterification process, was accomplished by the TLC, GC-MS, and FT-IR techniques. The results obtained in this study indicate a potential biofuel production by simple treatment of tucum, an important Amazonian fruit.