Distribution and species diversity of plant communities along transect on the Northeastern Tibetan plateau

The distribution and species diversity of plant communities along a 600 km transect through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (32 degrees 42'-35 degrees 07' N, 101 degrees 02'-97 degrees 38' E) with altitudes from 3255 to 4460 m are described. The transect started from the Youyi Bridge of Banma through Dari, Maqin and Maduo to Zaling Lake. The data from 47 plots along the transect are summarized and analyzed. The mean annual temperature, the mean annual rainfall and the length of growing season decreases from 2.6 to -4.5 degrees C, from 767.2 to 240.1 mm, from 210 to 140 days, respectively, along the transect from the southeastern Banma to northwestern Zaling Lake. The number of vascular plant species recorded in 47 plots is 242 including 2 tree, 34 shrub, 206 herb species. Main vegetation types on the transect from southeast to northwest are: Sabina convallium forest, Picea likiangensis forest, Pyracantha fortuneana + Spiraea alpina shrub, Hippophae neurocarpu shrub, Sibiraea angustata + Polygonum viviparum shrub, Stellera chamaejasme herb meadow, Potentilla fruticosa + Salix obscura + Carex sp. Shrub, Kobresia capillifolia meadow, P. froticosa + Kobresia humilis shrub, Caragana jubata + S. obscura shrub, Kobresia tibetica meadow, Kobresia pygmaea meadow, K. pygmaea + Stipa purpurea steppe meadow, Stipa purpurea steppe. Plant richness and diversity index all showed a decreasing trend with increasing of elevation along transect from southeast to northwest. Detailed information on altitudinal ranges and distribution of the alpine vegetation, vascular flora and environments over the alpine zone at northeastern Tibetan Plateau provides baseline records relevant to future assessment of probable effects of global climate changes.

地震层析成像与天山地区的壳幔深部结构研究

The Tien Shan is the most prominent intracontinental mountain belt on the earth. The active crustal deformation and earthquake activities provide an excellent place to study the continental geodynamics of intracontinental mountain belt. The studies of deep structures in crust and upper mantle are significantly meaningful for understanding the geological evolution and geodynamics of global intracontinental mountain belts. This dissertation focuses on the deep structures and geodynamics in the crust and upper mantle in the Tien Shan mountain belt. With the arrival time data from permanent and temporal seismic stations located in the western and central Tien Shan, using seismic travel time tomographic method, we inversed the P-wave velocity and Vp/Vs structures in the crust and uppermost mantle, the Pn and Sn velocities and Pn anisotropic structures in the uppermost mantle, and the P-wave velocity structures in the crust and mantle deep to 690km depth beneath the Tien Shan. The tomographic results suggest that the deep structures and geodynamics have significant impacts not only on the deformations and earthquake activities in the crust, but also on the mountain building, collision, and dynamics of the whole Tien Shan mountain belt. With the strongly collision and deformations in the crust, the 3-D P-wave velocity and Vp/Vs ratio structures are highly complex. The Pn and Sn velocities in the uppermost mantle beneath the Tien Shan, specially beneath the central Tien Shan, are significantly lower than the seismic wavespeed beneath geological stable regions. We infer that the hot upper mantle from the small-scale convection could elevate the temperature in the lower crust and uppermost mantle, and partially melt the materials in the lower crust. The observations of low P-wave and S-wave velocities, high Vp/Vs ratios near the Moho and the absences of earthquake activities in the lower crust are consistent with this inference. Based on teleseismic tomography images of the upper mantle beneath the Tien Shan, we infer that the lithosphere beneath the Tarim basin has subducted under the Tien Shan to depths as great as 500 km. The lithosphere beneath the Kazakh shield may have subducted to similar depths in the opposite direction, but the limited resolution of this data set makes this inference less certain. These images support the plate boundary model of converge for the Tien Shan, as the lithospheres to the north and south of the range both appear to behave as plates.

白水剖面黄土-红粘土化学风化的粒度效应

The loess-red clay deposit in the Loess Plateau, as large regions mixed in the dust depositional areas, may recorded the chemical weathering features and recycling of the detritus material of the earth’s surface from the wide range upwind of the Loess Plateau. And the loess-red clay sequence is rare information for recovering the continent's weathering history of Late Cenozoic, as it’s clear sense of age. The concentrations of elements in loess-red clay are largely affected by grain size. Therefore, we divided samples of a long loess-red clay section and six spacial sections into three fractions in order to counteracting the effect of particle size on the values of weathering proxies. First, the loess unit L1 and S1 of six sections located at Guyuan, Baishui, Changwu, Yongshou, Yangling and Lantian, Chinese Loess Plateau were sampled. These samples were divided into three fractions: <5μm, 5-20μm, 20-63μm, which were then analyzed for the primary elements using an X-ray fluorescence analyser. Results show that the effect of particle is much smaller on the fraction <5μm than other fractions. Therefore, the fraction <5μm can reflect the change of chemical weathering intensity much better. In addition, we divided Baishui section samples into three fractions, and analyzed them with X-ray fluorescence for primary elements. Results show that the value of CIA vary in different size fractions, indicating different weathering progress. Elements K, Na, Ca and Mg in the <5μm fraction have a sequence which is the reverse of Bowen Sequence. This may be a important sense for the change of source regions.

植物营养元素的含量和δ~(13)C值随海拔而变化的特征及营养元素相互作用对碳同位素分馏作用的影响

为了研究植物营养元素的含量和δ~(13)C值随海拔而变化的相关关系,沿着海拔450 m的贵州茂兰至海拔1330 m的贵州安顺一线,采集和分析研究了C_3植物——小果蔷薇(R.cymosa Tratt)的叶片。分析结果表明,植物叶片中营养元素含量随着海拔的上升而产生的变化是:氮、磷和钾的含量会在增高,而钙和镁的含量却会降低。植物叶片的δ~(13)C值会增大,其变幅为+2.4‰/1000m。

Potencial agrícola da Agrovila Nova Ukrânia - Apucarana, PR.

Esta publicação apresenta o diagnóstico, a caracterização, a análise e as sugestões para o planejamento racional das propriedades, indispensável para o sucesso da integração do homem à terra e para a participação deste no processo de desenvolvimento agroecológico. Aplicou-se a Agrovila Nova Ukrânia, em Apucarana-PR

Review of Artificial Muscle Based on Contractile Polymers

An artificial muscle with strength and speed equal to that of a human muscle may soon be possible. Polymer gels exhibit abrubt volume changes in response to variations in their external conditions -- shrinking or swelling up to 1000 times their original volume. Through the conversion of chemical or electrical energy into mechanical work, a number of devices have already been constructed which produce forces up to 100N/cm2 and contraction rates on the order of a second. Through the promise of an artificial muscle is real, many fundamental physical and engineering questions remain before the extent or limit of these devices is known.

Recomendações básicas para a produção de sementes de milho no nível da pequena propriedade rural.

O objetivo desta publicação é fornecer algumas informações essenciais para que o agricultor produza sua própria semente, mantendo uma variedade conhecida e adaptada ao tipo de cultivo por ele praticado, ao seu consumo e ao mercado local.

A multichannel detector array with 768 pixels developed for electron spectroscopy

Langstaff, David; Chase, T., (2007) 'A multichannel detector array with 768 pixels developed for electron spectroscopy', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 573(1-2) pp.169-171 RAE2008

A fully integrated multi-channel detector for electron spectroscopy

Langstaff, David; Bushell, A.; Chase, T.; Evans, D.A., (2005) 'A fully integrated multi-channel detector for electron spectroscopy', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 238 pp.219-223 RAE2008 Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science ? Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science 4th Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science

Ewaluacja splotowa InfoKultury. Skala dwuważonych ocen

Pakiet oprogramowania InfoCult™ Analyser 1.4 stanowiącego obudowę książki do pobrania ze strony: ewaluacja.amu.edu.pl

A importância da marca no processo de tomada de decisão de compra industrial

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação, com especialização em Marketing e Comunicação Estratégica.

Girls as minorities

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em Estudos de Minorias

Contributo para o desenvolvimento de um Instrumento de Investigação Neuropsicológica

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em Psicologia

"Not Without My Ancestors": A Christological Case Study of the Shona Ancestor Cult of Zimbabwe

The issue of ancestors has been controversial since the first encounters of Christianity with Shona religion. It remains a major theological problem that needs to be addressed within the mainline churches of Zimbabwe today. Instead of ignoring or dismissing the ancestor cult, which deeply influences the socio-political, religious, and economic lives of the Shona, churches in Zimbabwe should initiate a Christology that is based on it. Such a Christology would engage the critical day-to-day issues that make the Shona turn to their ancestors. Among these concerns are daily protection from misfortune, maintaining good health and increasing longevity, successful rainy seasons and food security, and responsible governance characterized by economic and political stability. Since the mid-16th century arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the Mutapa Kingdom, the Church has realized that many African Christians resorted to their ancestors in times of crisis. Although both Catholic and Protestant missionaries from the 1700s through the early 1900s fiercely attacked Shona traditional beliefs as superstitious and equated ancestors with evil spirits, the cult did not die. Social institutions, such as schools and hospitals provided by missionaries, failed to eliminate ancestral beliefs. Even in the 21st century, many Zimbabweans consult their ancestors. The Shona message to the church remains "Not without My Ancestors." This dissertation examines the significance of the ancestors to the Shona, and how selected denominations and new religious movements have interpreted and accommodated ancestral practices. Taking the missiological goal of "self-theologizing" as the framework, this dissertation proposes a "tripartite Christology" of "Jesus the Family Ancestor", "Jesus the Tribal Ancestor," and "Jesus the National Ancestor," which is based on the Shona "tripartite ancestrology." Familiar ecclesiological and liturgical language, idioms, and symbols are used to contribute to the wider Shona understanding of Jesus as the ancestor par excellence, in whom physical and spiritual needs-including those the ordinary ancestors fail to meet-are fulfilled.