Estad??stica escolar, proceso de escolarizaci??n y sistema educativo nacional en Espa??a (1750-1850)

Reconstruir la red o mapa escolar y determinar las tasas de escolarizaci??n cuantificando y recurriendo a fuentes estad??sticas y censos o recuentos escolares. Estudiar la ense??anza elemental o primaria de Espa??a, de 1750 a 1850, desde el punto de vista de las estad??sticas de procedencia estatal.. Se analiza el proceso de escolarizaci??n y su gen??sis, la articulaci??n y la consolidaci??n de los sistemas educativos nacionales. La investigaci??n se estructura en cuatro per??odos cronol??gicos: 1. 1749-1807. Este per??odo se caracteriza por la carencia de estad??sticas dirigidas a conocer la situacu??n de las escuelas de Primeras Letras, en contraste con lo sucedido en otros niveles educativos. 2. 1808-1833. Se instaura un nuevo sistema educativo (1814) y se sientan las bases legales para una estad??stica regular. 3. 1833-1842. El hecho m??s significativo es la aprobaci??n, en 1838 de la Ley de Ense??anza Primaria. 4. 1843-1850. Se observa la necesidad de crear un cuerpo de inspectores en el ??mbito provincial. Antonio Gil de Zarate se convierte en el Director General de Instrucci??n P??blica, situandose al frente de la administraci??n educativa central.. Catastro del Marqu??s de la Ensenada (1749-1760), Interrogatorio de Tom??s L??pez (1766), Censo de Floridablanca (1787), Real Orden de Mayo de 1790, Censo de Godoy (1797), Interrogatorio general (1800), Interrogatorio General y encuesta educativa (1801), Censo de poblaci??n (1802), interrogatorio educativo (1807), Encuestas (1820, 1821, 1831, 1834, 1835, 1836).. tablas de frecuencias, tasas de escolarizaci??n.. Durante el per??odo considerado se observa el progresivo desgajamiento de la informaci??n estad??stico-educativa de otros fines fiscales y de fomento, llegando a adquirir una naturaleza propia. Se observa que entre los pol??ticos y reformistas ilustrados de la ??poca no existe una defensa expl??cita de un sistema educativo nacional. Todos los datos obtenidos se deben entender en el entorno econ??mico y social que los hace inteligibles. La mayor parte de las fuentes estad??sticas consultadas est??n incompletas y,o dispersas..

Necesidades formativas de los profesionales agrarios del sureste Mediterráneo en relación a los sistemas de diferenciación de la calidad de sus producciones.

Determinar las necesidades formativas de los profesionales agrarios del sureste mediterráneo de cara a su incorpoción a alguno de los sistemas de diferenciación de la calidad de las producciones agrarias existentes y para la propuesta de itinerarios formativos adecuados para tal cualificación. 800 profesionales de la agricultura de la zona estudiada y 84 expertos de estas mismas zonas con grupos de discusión en cada una de las provincias (Alicante, Almería y Albacete). Estado de la cuestión en cuanto a los sistemas de diferenciación de la calidad de las producciones agrarias en las provincias que forman parte del estudio. Sondeo de opinión como parte central de la investigación, dirigido a profesionales agrarios de las tres provincias. Realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a testigos significados y trabajo con tres grupos de discusión siguiendo un análisis DAFO. Cuestionario de 46 preguntas en el que se recaba información sobre el grado de conocimiento de técnicas, su aplicabilidad de hecho y las necesidades formativas correspondientes. Entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos (tres preguntas abiertas). Análisis de las frecuencias simples de las respuestas a las preguntas del cuestionario y cruces de variables. Categorización de las respuestas a las entrevistas (relativas a la producción, aspectos económicos, de gestión, de comercialización, características de la zona, denominaciones de origen, producción ecológica, producción integrada y controlada, normas ISO, sistemas basados en la trazabilidad y aspectos formativos generales y específicos sobre calidad. Análisis DAFO. Obtención de itinerarios formativos a partir de los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas tanto del estudio de las fuentes indirectas como de las herramientas directas utilizadas (5 niveles, 0-4, con formación colateral). De manera generalizada se reconoce una clara falta de formación declarando más del 77 por ciento de los entrevistados no haber recibido ninguna sobre estos temas. En cualquier caso el futuro está condicionado por la necesaria unión de los agricultores o ganaderos en la producción, gestión y comercialización para la obtención del máximo rendimiento económico.

Apuntes sobre Cervantes

Este material pretende resaltar aspectos de El Quijote relacionados con la educaci??n, y profundizar en el conocimiento de la ??poca de Cervantes y del personaje central de su obra m??s importante. Surge con motivo de las celebraciones para conmemorar el 450 aniversario del nacimiento de Miguel de Cervantes, a partir de las ponencias del curso Cervantes, ??poca y obra, celebrado en Alcal?? de Henares. Los textos son Variaciones sobre Alonso Quijano El Quijote; Espa??a en tiempos de Cervantes; Alcal?? en tiempos de Cervantes; Una apoximaci??n a la iconograf??a de Don Miguel de Cervantes; El panorama social del Quijote; El estilo del Quijote; Interpretaciones del Quijote; Caballeros andantes espa??oles; Cervantes y la poes??a; Alcal?? y Cervantes en los siglos XIX y XX; La quijotizaci??n de Sancho Panza, un posible modelo educativo. Los textos se acompa??an de fotograf??as de acuarelas de Antonio Cabot, de su obra Variaciones sobre Alonso Quijano El Quijote.

La jurisdicción indígena frente al control de constitucionalidad en Ecuador. ¿Pluralismo jurídico o judicionalización de lo plural?

Este libro discute sobre los parámetros que la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana debería considerar para resolver una acción de control de constitucionalidad de decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas. La autora reflexiona respecto al pluralismo jurídico en Ecuador, a partir del reconocimiento de tensiones inevitables en la interrelación entre dos sistemas jurídicos culturalmente diversos: el hegemónico y el indígena. En este contexto, se analiza la institución jurídica del control de constitucionalidad de las decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas, cuya atribución corresponde a la Corte Constitucional, como uno de los más claros ejemplos de conexión entre dos sistemas de ad ministración de justicia con diferencias culturales, con la finalidad de establecer si a través de esta garantía se alcanza la coordina ción y cooperación entre las justicias o, si por el contrario, se produce hegemonía de una cultura sobre la otra. Para tal efecto, se examina el denominado caso La Cocha 2, que se sustancia en la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana, a la luz de los estándares utilizados por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia en la sustanciación de procesos en los que intervienen personas o colectividades indígenas.

The infrared spectrum of silicon difluoride

The infrared spectrum of the stretching fundamentals of SiF2 has been obtained at a resolution of ≈ 0.1 cm−1 using a FTIR spectrometer. The spectrum has been analysed using computer simulation based on a coupled hamiltonian for v1 and v3, giving v1 = 855.01 cm−1 and v3 = 870.40 cm−1. The relative magnitude and sign of the vibrational transition moments has been determined from the ξC13 Coriolis coupling.

Calculated rotational and rovibrational spectra of D2S and HDS

Rovibrational energy levels, transition frequencies, and linestrengths are computed variationally for the sulfur hydrides D2S and HDS, using ab initio potential energy and dipole surfaces. Wave-numbers for the pure rotational transitions agree to within 0.2 cm−1 of the experimental lines. For the fundamental vibrational transitions, the band origins for D2S are 860.4, 1900.6, and 1912.0 cm−1 for ν2, ν1, and ν3, respectively, compared with the corresponding experimental values of 855.4, 1896.4, and 1910.2 cm−1. For HDS, we compute ν2 to be 1039.4 cm−1, compared with the experimental value of 1032.7 cm−1. The relative merits of local and normal mode descriptions for the overtone stretching band origins are discussed. Our results confirm the local mode nature of the H2S, D2S, and HDS system.

A deliberate synthesis of a mononuclear trans-dimethoxide complex of ruthenium(III). X-ray crystal structure, electrochemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance

Using bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) methane as the bidentate N donor ligand L, the yellow compound trans-[(RuL2)-L-III(OMe)(2)]ClO4 center dot CH2Cl2 is synthesized. It is a rare example of a mononuclear dialkoxo complex of Ru(III). It shows a quasireversible Ru(II/III) couple at -0.65 V versus NHE in acetonitrile at a Pt electrode. Its magnetic moment at room temperature corresponds to one unpaired electron. It displays a rhombic EPR spectrum in acetone at 77 K with g = 2.219, 2.062 and 1.855. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Simulations of the London urban heat island

We present simulations of London's meteorology using the Met Office Unified Model with a new, sophisticated surface energy-balance scheme to represent the urban surfaces, called MORUSES. Simulations are performed with the urban surfaces represented and with the urban surfaces replaced with grass in order to calculate the urban increment on the local meteorology. The local urban effects were moderated to some extent by the passage of an onshore flow that propagated up the Thames estuary and across the city, cooling London slightly in the afternoon. Validations of screen-level temperature show encouraging agreement to within 1–2 K, when the urban increment is up to 5 K. The model results are then used to examine factors shaping the spatial and temporal structure of London's atmospheric boundary layer. The simulations reconcile the differences in the temporal evolution of the urban heat island (UHI) shown in various studies and demonstrate that the variation of UHI with time depends strongly on the urban fetch. The UHI at a location downwind of the city centre shows a decrease in UHI during the night, while the UHI at the city centre stays constant. Finally, the UHI at a location upwind of the city centre increases continuously. The magnitude of the UHI by the time of the evening transition increases with urban fetch. The urban increments are largest at night, when the boundary layer is shallow. The boundary layer experiences continued warming after sunset, as the heat from the urban fabric is released, and a weakly convective boundary layer develops across the city. The urban land-use fraction is the dominant control on the spatial structure in the sensible heat flux and the resulting urban increment, although even the weak advection present in this case study is sufficient to advect the peak temperature increments downwind of the most built-up areas. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office

PERSiST: a flexible rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit for use with the INCA family of models

Runoff generation processes and pathways vary widely between catchments. Credible simulations of solute and pollutant transport in surface waters are dependent on models which facilitate appropriate, catchment-specific representations of perceptual models of the runoff generation process. Here, we present a flexible, semi-distributed landscape-scale rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit suitable for simulating a broad range of user-specified perceptual models of runoff generation and stream flow occurring in different climatic regions and landscape types. PERSiST (the Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and Runoff Simulator for Solute Transport) is designed for simulating present-day hydrology; projecting possible future effects of climate or land use change on runoff and catchment water storage; and generating hydrologic inputs for the Integrated Catchments (INCA) family of models. PERSiST has limited data requirements and is calibrated using observed time series of precipitation, air temperature and runoff at one or more points in a river network. Here, we apply PERSiST to the river Thames in the UK and describe a Monte Carlo tool for model calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis

Development of a food-exchange model to replace saturated fat with MUFAS and n-6 PUFAS in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk

The recommendation to reduce saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption to ≤10% of total energy (%TE) is a key public health target aimed at lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Replacement of SFA with unsaturated fats may provide greater benefit than replacement with carbohydrates, yet the optimal type of fat is unclear. The aim was to develop a flexible food-exchange model to investigate the effects of substituting SFAs with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on CVD risk factors. In this parallel study, UK adults aged 21-60 y with moderate CVD risk (50% greater than the population mean) were identified using a risk assessment tool (n = 195; 56% females). Three 16-wk isoenergetic diets of specific fatty acid (FA) composition (%TE SFA:%TE MUFA:%TE n-6 PUFA) were designed using spreads, oils, dairy products, and snacks as follows: 1) SFA-rich diet (17:11:4; n = 65); 2) MUFA-rich diet (9:19:4; n = 64); and 3) n-6 PUFA-rich diet (9:13:10; n = 66). Each diet provided 36%TE total fat. Dietary targets were broadly met for all intervention groups, reaching 17.6 ± 0.4%TE SFA, 18.5 ± 0.3%TE MUFA, and 10.4 ± 0.3%TE n-6 PUFA in the respective diets, with significant overall diet effects for the changes in SFA, MUFA, and n-6 PUFA between groups (P < 0.001). There were no differences in the changes of total fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol intake or anthropometric measures between groups. Plasma phospholipid FA composition showed changes from baseline in the proportions of total SFA, MUFA, and n-6 PUFA for each diet group, with significant overall diet effects for total SFA and MUFA between groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, successful implementation of the food-exchange model broadly achieved the dietary target intakes for the exchange of SFA with MUFA or n-6 PUFA with minimal disruption to the overall diet in a free-living population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01478958.

Is children's reading “good enough”? Links between online processing and comprehension as children read syntactically ambiguous sentences

We monitored 8- and 10-year-old children’s eye movements as they read sentences containing a temporary syntactic ambiguity to obtain a detailed record of their online processing. Children showed the classic garden-path effect in online processing. Their reading was disrupted following disambiguation, relative to control sentences containing a comma to block the ambiguity, although the disruption occurred somewhat later than would be expected for mature readers. We also asked children questions to probe their comprehension of the syntactic ambiguity offline. They made more errors following ambiguous sentences than following control sentences, demonstrating that the initial incorrect parse of the garden-path sentence influenced offline comprehension. These findings are consistent with “good enough” processing effects seen in adults. While faster reading times and more regressions were generally associated with better comprehension, spending longer reading the question predicted comprehension success specifically in the ambiguous condition. This suggests that reading the question prompted children to reconstruct the sentence and engage in some form of processing, which in turn increased the likelihood of comprehension success. Older children were more sensitive to the syntactic function of commas, and, overall, they were faster and more accurate than younger children.