998 resultados para 14-140
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Peter Edwards writes on rural aquaculture: Myanmar revisited. Harvesting, traditional preservation and marketing of fishes of Chalan Beel, Bangladesh, by Galib, S.M. and Samad, M.A. Role of community in production and supply of larger, quality fingerlings, by Radheyshyam, De, H.K. and Saha, G.S. Can rice-fish farming provide food security in Bangladesh? by Ahmed, N. and Luong-Van, J. Nutritional and food security for rural poor through multi-commodity production from a lake of eastern Uttar Pradesh, by Singh, S.K. Emerging boost in Sri Lankan reservoir fish production: a case of adoption of past research findings, by Amarasinghe, U.S., Weerakoon, D.E.M., Athukorala, D.A. Farming the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii, by Radheyshyam Breeding and seed production of butter catfish, Ompok pabda (Siluridae) at Kalyani Centre of CIFA, India, by Chakrabarti, P.P., Chakrabarty, N.M. and Mondal, S.C. Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Magazine Use of fish in animal feeds: a fresh perspective National strategies for aquatic animal health management, by Mohan, C.V. NACA Newsletter.
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Summary: This cruise report is a summary of a field survey conducted within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), located between Cape Cod and Cape Ann at the mouth of Massachusetts Bay. The survey was conducted June 14 – June 21, 2008 on NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER Cruise NF-08-09-CCEHBR. Multiple indicators of ecological condition and human dimensions were sampled synoptically at each of 30 stations throughout SBNMS using a random probabilistic sampling design. Samples were collected for the analysis of benthic community structure and composition; concentrations of chemical contaminants (metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs) in sediments and target demersal biota; nutrient and chlorophyll levels in the water column; and other basic habitat characteristics such as depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, sediment grain size, and organic carbon content. In addition to the fish samples that were collected for analysis of chemical contaminants relative to human-health consumption limits, other human-dimension indicators were sampled as well including presence or absence of fishing gear, vessels, surface trash, marine mammals, and noxious sediment odors. The overall purpose of the survey was to collect data to assess the status of ecosystem condition and potential stressor impacts throughout SBNMS, based on these various indicators and corresponding management thresholds, and to provide this information as a baseline for determining how such conditions may be changing with time. While sample analysis is still ongoing a few preliminary results and observations are reported here. A final report will be completed once all data have been processed. The results are anticipated to be of value in supporting goals of the SBNMS and National Marine Sanctuary Program aimed at the characterization, protection, and management of sanctuary resources (pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuary Reauthorization Act) as well as a new priority of NCCOS and NOAA to apply Ecosystem Based approaches to the Management of coastal resources (EBM) through Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) conducted in various coastal regions of the U.S. including the Northeast Atlantic continental shelf. This was a multi-disciplinary partnership effort made possible by scientists from the following organizations: NOAA, National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR), Charleston, SC. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Atlantic Ecology Division (GED), Narragansett, RI. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Gulf Ecology Division (GED), Gulf Breeze, FL. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Wetlands Research Center, Gulf Breeze Project Office, Gulf Breeze, FL. NOAA, Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO), NOAA ship Nancy Foster. (31pp) (PDF contains 58 pages)
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A Lei de Arbitragem (Lei nº 9.307, de 23 de setembro de 1996) foi submetida a um processo de revisão por Comissão de Juristas nomeada pelo Senado Federal para estabelecer novo marco legal para a mediação e a arbitragem no Brasil. Em função das provadas virtudes da Lei já existente, a Comissão resolveu apresentar duas proposições: um projeto de lei sobre mediação extrajudicial, e um projeto de lei com reforma pontual da Lei de Arbitragem. As matérias tramitaram no Senado e vieram à Câmara dos Deputados como Casa revisora. O presente estudo se ocupa de analisar o Projeto de Lei nº 7.108, de 2014, que trata da reforma da Lei de Arbitragem. São considerados os temas de direito material e processual, além de questões de técnica legislativa e processo legislativo.
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Diccionario Bibliographico Portuguez / Innocencio Francisco da Silva, 1860. v. 4, p. 219.
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本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。
目录
- §1.1 板壳弯曲断裂问题
- §1.2 Kirchhoff经典板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.3 Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.4 Kirchhoff与Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论的比较
- §1.5 含裂纹有限尺寸板壳断裂分析的局部-整体法
- §1.6 含表面裂纹板壳
- §2.1 Kirchhoff板的基本概念和基本假定
- §2.2 基本公式与弹性曲面微分方程
- §2.3 边界条件
- §2.4 弹性薄板的应变能
- §2.5 极坐标下的挠曲面微分方程与内力公式
- §2.6 裂纹尖端场特征展开式通项公式
- §2.7 Kirchhoff板弯曲应力强度因子
- §3.1 基本方程和公式的复变函数表示
- §3.2 所引入函数的确定程度与一般形式
- §3.3 坐标变换与边界条件
- §3.4 运用保角变换方法求解孔口问题
- §3.5 应力强度因子与函数Φ(z)的关系
- §3.6 复变-主部分析法之应用简例
- §3.7 共直线裂纹问题的一般解答
- §3.8 典型弯曲裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §3.9 共圆曲线裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §4.1 裂纹尖端奇异元的位移模式与弯曲应力强度因子
- §4.2 裂纹尖端奇异元的刚度矩阵
- §4.3 裂纹尖端奇异元与常规单元的连接
- §4.4 解析法与数值法的结果比较与讨论
- §4.5 两共线半无限裂纹问题的定解条件及解的实用价值
- §5.1 Reissner型板的基本假定
- §5.2 Reissner型板的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.3 基本方程的简化
- §5.4 边界条件
- §5.5 极坐标下的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.6 两种平板理论用于无裂纹板时的比较
- §5.7 两种乎板理论用于含裂纹板时的比较
- §6.1 基本方程和一般求解方法
- §9.1 局部-整体法与其它解析和数值法的结果比较
- §9.2 边界对应力强度因子的影响
- §9.3 板的支承条件及长宽比的影响
- §9.5 计算Reissner型板应力强度因子的一组近似方程与近似解法
- §9.4 Reissner型板理论与Kirchhoff板理论所得应力强度因子的比较
- §9.6 关于数值计算的几点讨论
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Table of Contents
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | What is an Adiabatic Shear Band? | 1 |
1.2 | The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 6 |
1.3 | Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur | 10 |
1.4 | Historical Aspects of Shear Bands | 11 |
1.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps | 14 |
1.6 | Scope of the Book | 20 |
2 | Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 24 |
2.1 | General Features | 24 |
2.2 | Deformed Bands | 27 |
2.3 | Transformed Bands | 28 |
2.4 | Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding | 35 |
2.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals | 44 |
3 | Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands | 54 |
3.1 | Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture | 54 |
3.2 | Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands | 57 |
3.3 | Metallurgical Implications | 69 |
3.4 | Effects of Stress State | 73 |
4 | Testing Methods | 76 |
4.1 | General Requirements and Remarks | 76 |
4.2 | Dynamic Torsion Tests | 80 |
4.3 | Dynamic Compression Tests | 91 |
4.4 | Contained Cylinder Tests | 95 |
4.5 | Transient Measurements | 98 |
5 | Constitutive Equations | 104 |
5.1 | Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 104 |
5.2 | Strain-Rate History Effects | 110 |
5.3 | Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 114 |
5.4 | Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals | 124 |
6 | Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 125 |
6.1 | Empirical Criteria | 125 |
6.2 | One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis | 134 |
6.3 | Localization Analysis | 140 |
6.4 | Experimental Verification | 146 |
7 | Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands | 155 |
7.1 | Post-Instability Phenomena | 156 |
7.2 | Scaling and Approximations | 162 |
7.3 | Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation | 167 |
7.4 | The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 171 |
7.5 | Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology | 179 |
7.6 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States | 187 |
8 | Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 194 |
8.1 | Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations | 194 |
8.2 | One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding | 199 |
8.3 | Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods | 213 |
8.4 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State | 218 |
9 | Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics | 229 |
9.1 | Planar Impact | 230 |
9.2 | Fragmentation | 237 |
9.3 | Penetration | 244 |
9.4 | Erosion | 255 |
9.5 | Ignition of Explosives | 261 |
9.6 | Explosive Welding | 268 |
10 | Selected Topics in Metalworking | 273 |
10.1 | Classification of Processes | 273 |
10.2 | Upsetting | 276 |
10.3 | Metalcutting | 286 |
10.4 | Blanking | 293 |
Appendices | 297 | |
A | Quick Reference | 298 |
B | Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity | 301 |
C | Thermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence | 312 |
D | Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 335 |
E | Specification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 341 |
F | Conversion Factors | 357 |
References | 358 | |
Author Index | 369 | |
Subject Index | 375 |
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A presente Nota Técnica, apresentada por solicitação do Deputado JOÃO DADO, SISCONOF 274/2013, visa apresentar análise do Projeto de Lei Complementar nº 238/2013, no qual o Poder Executivo propõe alterações das exigências para concessão de desonerações tributárias presentes no art. 14 da Lei Complementar nº 101/2000, Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal – LRF, dentre outras propostas
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The swordfish, Xiphias gladius, is a large migratory oceanic species. It is widely distributed in tropical, temperate, and sometimes cold waters of all oceans, and is usually found in areas with sea-surface temperatures above 13°C. It can reach a maximum size of 540 kg, and is a favorite food fish in many countries. It is excellent for steaks, canning, or teriyaki, the Japanese dish of meat grilled with sugar, soy sauce, and rice wine. Swordfish is harvested commercially throughout its distribution, in both coastal and high-seas fisheries. Sport fisheries for swordfish are very small compared to those for other billfishes, accounting for no more than a few hundred fish per year. (PDF file contains 284 pages.)
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As negociações entre Portugal e Holanda a respeito da devolução dos territórios portugueses ocupados se desenvolveram ao longo de um decênio. As propostas iniciais de Portugal referiam-se aos territórios ocupados pelos holandeses na África e no Maranhão. Estão nesse raríssimo folheto.
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(PDF contains 63 pages.)
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Daytime feeding behavior of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Gulf of the Farallones, California, and adjacent waters was observed during autumn of 1988 to 1990. Bodega Canyon, Cordell Bank, and the Farallon Islands were the primary sites of feeding activity. Fecal samples of whales and zooplankton tows contained euphausiids exclusively, dominated by Thysanoessa spinifera (79%), with lesser amounts of Euphausia pacifica (14%), Nyctiphanes simplex (4%), and Nematoscelis difficilis (3%). In 1988 and 1990, whales also were infrequently observed feeding on small schooling fish, presumably Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.). Feeding was the most common behavior observed (52%), and less frequently traveling (23%), milling (21 %), and resting (4%). Whales used different methods to consume euphausiid prey at the surface (0-10 m), in shallow water (11-60 m), and deep water (61-140 m). Humpback whales fed at the surface 56% of time in 1988 and 32% of time in 1990, using primarily lateral lunges to capture swarms of euphausiids. In 1989, no surface feeding was observed; however, deep, long-duration dives were followed by extended surface intervals with many respirations. These 1989 observations coincided with increased prey depth as indicated by depth sounder records of diving whales and prey scattering layers. In 1989, increased prey depth and associated feeding behaviors were strongly associated with unusually high surface temperatures, calm seas, and changes in water circulation. Environmental conditions in 1989 triggered the most intense and wide-spread occurrence of red tide in this region since 1980. Red tide samples collected throughout this period contained Alexandrium (=Gonyaulax) catenella and Noctiluca scintillans. Surface feeding was observed only in 1988 and 1990, when surface prey were available and red tides were very limited in extent, duration, and intensity. Annual variations in humpback whale feeding behavior were related to prey availability which is affected by corresponding environmental conditions. (PDF contains 94 pages)
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ENGLISH: Seasonal changes in the climatology, oceanography and fisheries of the Panama Bight are determined mainly by the latitudinal movements of the ITCZ over the region. Evaporation is about 980 mm annually. Rainfall is probably much less than previous estimates because of a discontinuity in the ITCZ. Freshwater runoff from the northern watershed varies from 22 X 109 m3/mo in October-November to 11 X 109 m3/mo in February-March; from the southeastern watershed it varies from 16 X 109 m3/mo in April-June to 9 X 109 m3/mo in October-December. Total annual runoff is about 350 X 109m3. A marked salinity front is found at all seasons off the eastern shore. In the northern part of the Bight temperatures in the upper layers remained fairly constant from May to November; by February the mean temperature had decreased by 4°C and sharp gradients existed in the geographic distributions. Salinities in the upper layers decreased steadily from May to November; by February the mean salinity had increased by 2.5‰. The mean depth of the mixed layer increased from 27 m in May to 40 m in November; by February upwelling decreased it to 18 m. Between November and February upwelling had doubled the amount of P04-P and tripled that of NO3-N in the euphotic zone; surface phytoplankton production and standing crop, and zooplankton concentrations also doubled during this period. Upwelling was about 1.5 m/mo during May-November and about 9.0 m/mo during November-February, the annual total is about 48 m, Mean primary production is about 0.3 gC/m2day during May-December and about 0.6 gC/m2day during January-April; annual production is about 140 gC/m2. A thermal ridge occurred in February running from the northern to the southwestern part of the Bight. Within this ridge was a marked thermal dome coinciding with the center of the cyclonic circulation cell. Upwelling in the dome averaged 16 m/mo in November-February. The fisheries of the Panama Bight annually produce about 30,000 metric tons of food species and about 68,000 m.t. of species used for reduction. Most attempts to further the understanding of tuna ecology were unsuccessful. The apparent abundances of yellowfin and skipjack in the northern part of the Bight appear to be related to the seasonal cycle of upwelling and enrichment, as abundances are greatest in April and May when food appears to be plentiful. The life-cycle of the anchoveta in the Gulf of Panama also appears to be related to upwelling; the species mass varies from about 39,000 m.t. in December to about 169,000 m.t, in April. About 19.1 X 1012 anchoveta eggs are spawned annually. The life-cycles of shrimp in the Panama Bight appear to be related to upwelling as catches are greatest in May-July, about 3-5 months after peak upwelling, and annual catches are inversely correlated with sea level. SPANISH: Los cambios estacionales en la climatología, oceanografía y pesquerías del Panamá Bight están determinados principalmente por el movimiento latitudinal sobre la región de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (ZCIT). La evaporación es de unos 980 mm al año. La pluviosidad es probablemente muy inferior a las estimaciones previas a causa de la descontinuidad en la ZCIT. El drenaje de agua dulce, de la vertiente septentrional, varía de 22 x 109m3/mes en octubre-noviembre hasta 11 x 109m3/mes en febreromarzo; el de la vertiente sudeste varía de 16 x 109m3/mes en abril-junio a 9 x 109m3/mes en octubre-diciembre. El drenaje total, anual, es alrededor de 350 x 109m3. En todas las estaciones frente al litoral oriental se encuentra un frente de salinidad marcada. En la parte septentrional del Bight las temperaturas en las capas superiores permanecieron más bien constantes de mayo a noviembre; en febrero la temperatura media había disminuido en unos 4°C y existieron gradientes agudos en las distribuciones geográficas. Las salinidades en las capas superiores disminuyeron constantemente de mayo a noviembre; en febrero la salinidad media había aumentado en 2.5‰. La profundidad media de la capa mixta aumentó de 27 m en mayo a 40 m en noviembre; en febrero el afloramiento disminuyó el espesor de la capa mixta hasta 18 m. Entre noviembre y febrero el afloramiento había duplicado la cantidad de PO4-P y triplicado la de NO3-N en la zona eufótica; la producción superficial de fitoplancton y la biomasa primaria y las concentraciones de zooplancton también se duplicaron durante este período. El afloramiento era cerca de 1.5 mimes durante mayo-noviembre y de unos 9.0 mimes durante noviembre-febrero, el total anual es de unos 48 m. La producción media primaria es aproximadamente de 0.3 gC/m2 al día durante mayo-diciembre y cerca de 0.6 gC/m2 al día durante enero-abril; la producción anual es de unos 140 gC/m2. En febrero apareció una convexidad termal que se extendió de la parte norte a la parte sudoeste del Bight. Dentro de esta convexidad se encontró un domo termal marcado el cual coincidió con el centro de la circulación ciclonal de la célula. El afloramiento en el domo tuvo un promedio de 16 mimes en noviembre-febrero. Las pesquerías del Panamá Bight producen anualmente de cerca 30,000 toneladas métricas de especies alimenticias y unas 68,000 t.m. de especies usadas para la reducción. La mayoría de los esfuerzos realizados con el fin de adquirir más conocimiento sobre la ecología del atún no tuvo éxito. La abundancia aparente del atún aleta amarilla y del barrilete en la parte septentrional del Bight parece estar relacionada con el ciclo estacional del afloramiento y del enriquecimiento, ya que la abundancia mayor en abril y mayo cuando parece que hay abundancia es de alimento. El ciclo de vida de la anchoveta en el Golfo de Panamá parece también que está relacionada al afloramiento. La masa de la especie varía de unas 39,000 t.m. en diciembre a cerca de 169,000 t.m. en abril. Aproximadamente 19.1 x 1012 huevos de anchoveta son desovados anualmente. Los ciclos de vida del camarón en el Panamá Bight parecen estar relacionados con el afloramiento ya que las capturas son superiores en mayo-julio, unos 3-5 meses después del ápice del afloramiento, y las capturas anuales se correlacionan inversamente con el nivel del mar. (PDF contains 340 pages.)
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Analisa o Plenarinho, um portal infantil da Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil, que visa contribuir para a formação cidadã de crianças de 7 a 14 anos. O principal desafio é a criação de produtos e conteúdos de modo que possam atrair este público.
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Sustainable aquaculture GLOBALG.A.P. standard in Thai shrimp farms: Mission (im)possible? p.4 Leepaisomboon, T., Chuchird, N., Limsuwan, C., Steenbruggen, E.R., and Mungkung, R. The Victorian trout industry & the bushfires p.6 Mosig, J. Small-scale aquaculture in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar p.10 Edwards, P. The history, status, and future prospects of monosex tilapia culture in Thailand p.18 Belton, B., Turongruang, D., Bhujel, R. and Little, D.C. Mangroves of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand: Species diversity, community structure and current status p.20 By Amarasinghe, M.D., Dulyapurk, V., Taparhudee, W., Yoonpundh, R. and Jumnongsong, S. Research and farming techniques Induced breeding of pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) in captivity with pituitary extract p.23 Chattarjee, N.R. and Mazumdar, B. Aquatic animal health Fumonisins - mycotoxins of increasing importance in fish! p. 24 Griessler, K. and Encarnação, P. Genetics and biodiversity Microsatellite DNA markers, a fisheries perspective. Part 1: The nature of microsatellites p.27 Sekar, M., Suresh, E., Kumar, N.S., Nayak, S.K., Balakrishna, C. Asia-Pacific Marine Finfi sh Aquaculture Magazine Formulated feed for tiger grouper grow-out p.30 Rachmansyah, Usman, Palinggi, N.N. and Williams, K. NACA Newsletter 36