Mathematical analysis of maximum power generated by photovoltaic systems and fitting curves for standard test conditions

The rural electrification is characterized by geographical dispersion of the population, low consumption, high investment by consumers and high cost. Moreover, solar radiation constitutes an inexhaustible source of energy and in its conversion into electricity photovoltaic panels are used. In this study, equations were adjusted to field conditions presented by the manufacturer for current and power of small photovoltaic systems. The mathematical analysis was performed on the photovoltaic rural system I- 100 from ISOFOTON, with power 300 Wp, located at the Experimental Farm Lageado of FCA/UNESP. For the development of such equations, the circuitry of photovoltaic cells has been studied to apply iterative numerical methods for the determination of electrical parameters and possible errors in the appropriate equations in the literature to reality. Therefore, a simulation of a photovoltaic panel was proposed through mathematical equations that were adjusted according to the data of local radiation. The results have presented equations that provide real answers to the user and may assist in the design of these systems, once calculated that the maximum power limit ensures a supply of energy generated. This real sizing helps establishing the possible applications of solar energy to the rural producer and informing the real possibilities of generating electricity from the sun.

Desenvolvimento de um middleware para comunicação via web services e sua aplicação em sistemas de aquisição de dados industriais

The control of industrial processes has become increasingly complex due to variety of factory devices, quality requirement and market competition. Such complexity requires a large amount of data to be treated by the three levels of process control: field devices, control systems and management softwares. To use data effectively in each one of these levels is extremely important to industry. Many of today s industrial computer systems consist of distributed software systems written in a wide variety of programming languages and developed for specific platforms, so, even more companies apply a significant investment to maintain or even re-write their systems for different platforms. Furthermore, it is rare that a software system works in complete isolation. In industrial automation is common that, software had to interact with other systems on different machines and even written in different languages. Thus, interoperability is not just a long-term challenge, but also a current context requirement of industrial software production. This work aims to propose a middleware solution for communication over web service and presents an user case applying the solution developed to an integrated system for industrial data capture , allowing such data to be available simplified and platformindependent across the network

Utilizing cross-domain SOAP Web services using client-side languages in an enterprise mashup platform

Service oriented architectures (SOA) based on Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Web services have attracted the attention of enterprises mainly for business-to-business integration and to create composite applications that execute business processes. An existing problem is the lack of preoccupation with non technical users due to the fact that to create a composite application to fulfill users needs, it is necessary to be in contact with IT staff. To overcome this issue, enterprises can take advantage of web 2.0, 'introducing in the development stage some technologies like mashups and some concepts like user empowerment, collaborative work and collective intelligence. Some results [3] [13] have shown how web 2.0 concepts can help non technical users to produce relative complex business processes. However, traditional enterprise requirements goes beyond typical web 2.0 solutions in several aspects: (1) traditional enterprise systems are based on heterogeneous stack of technologies that are not directly exploitable from a web-based client (where SOAP web services play an important role); (2) web browsers set some cross-domain security constraints making difficult to integrate services from diverse domains. In this paper, a contribution to two web 2.0 research projects [14] [15] partially solves the problems described: provide a way to invoke cross-domain backend services (based on SOAP technologies) directly only using clientside languages, without a need for any adaptation layer. © 2010 ACM.

Modernization and foreign trade in the health services

Includes bibliography

Modernization and new services of the Brazilian active control network

The Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GNSS - RBMC is a national network of continuously operating reference GNSS stations. Since its establishment in December of 1996, it has been playing an essential role for the maintenance and user access of the fundamental geodetic frame in the country. In order to provide better services for RBMC, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE and the National Institute of Colonization and Land Reform - INCRA are both partners involved in the National Geospatial Framework Project - PIGN. This paper provides an overview of the recent modernization phases the RBMC network has undergone highlighting its future steps. These steps involve the installation of new equipment, provide real time data from a group of core stations and compute real-time DGPS corrections, based on CDGPS (The real-time Canada-Wide DGPS Service) (The Real-Time Canada-Wide DGPS Service. http://www.cdgps.com/ 2009a). In addition to this, a post-mission Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service has been established based on the current Geodetic Survey Division of NRCan (CSRS-PPP) service. This service is operational since April 2009 and is in large use in the country. All activities mentioned before are based on a cooperation signed at the end of 2004 with the University of New Brunswick, supported by the Canadian International Development Agency and the Brazilian Cooperation Agency. The Geodetic Survey Division of NRCan is also participating in this modernization effort under the same project. This infrastructure of 66 GNSS stations, the real time, post processing services and the potentiality of providing Wide Area DGPS corrections in the future show that the RBMC system is comparable to those available in USA and Europe. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Saint Lucia: survey of living conditions and household budgets 2005/2006. User's manual.

This manual contains information on the dataset compiled from the Survey of Living Conditions and Household Budgets (SLC/HBS) conducted in Saint Lucia by the Kairi Consultants Limited and National Assessment Team between 2005 and 2006. The SLC/HBS is a sample survey which generates data on households and individuals in the country. This manual was developed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) – Subregional Headquarters in the Caribbean as a supplementary document for the Caribbean Household Surveys Database (CHSD). It is sectioned out into two main parts- section one provides brief description of the survey and section two contains a concise data dictionary of variables generated from the survey as well as additional variables created by ECLAC. In addition, for ease of reference, an index of all variables in the database is included at the end of the document.

Apropriação da informação: um olhar sobre as políticas públicas sociais de inclusão digital

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da viabilidade econômica para implantação de redes de acesso banda larga em cenários amazônicos: um estudo de caso baseado no custo do bit aplicado ao programa NAVEGAPARÁ

Esta dissertação de mestrado propõe um estudo comparativo relacionado ao custo do bit gerado entre o programa NAVEGAPARÁ e as concessionárias prestadoras do serviço de telecomunicações nos municípios relacionados. Vários estudos são realizados analisando apenas o desempenho de tais sistemas, levando em consideração algumas métricas de avaliação de desempenho, entretanto, não relacionam o custo real para o usuário final. Três cenários reais foram utilizados no estudo de caso. Em cada cenário foi proposta a utilização de uma tecnologia ou mais combinadas para transmissão da informação, levando em consideração, alguns parâmetros como infraestrutura existente, distância entre usuários finais, taxa de transmissão, dentre outros. Algumas tecnologias de acesso, utilizadas neste trabalho, são comparadas com as soluções disponibilizadas pelas concessionárias prestadoras dos serviços existentes e atuantes nos cenários descritos.

Projeto multicritério de filtros harmônicos passivos para instalações industriais utilizando técnicas de inteligência computacional

Devido ao auge do crescimento industrial na Região Norte e, em especial, o Pólo Industrial de Manaus (PIM), são necessários obter ferramentas matemáticas que facilitem ao especialista tomar decisões sobre a seleção e dimensionamento dos filtros harmônicos que proporcionam neutralizar os efeitos prejudiciais dos harmônicos gerados pelas cargas não lineares da indústria e alcançar conformidade com os padrões das normas de qualidade de energia correspondentes. Além disso, como os filtros harmônicos passivos têm a capacidade de gerar potência reativa à rede, estes meios são eficazes compensadores de potência reativa e, portanto, podem conseguir uma economia significativa no faturamento de energia elétrica consumida por essas instalações industriais. Esta tese tem como objetivo geral desenvolver um método matemático e uma ferramenta computacional para a seleção da configuração e parâmetros do projeto de um conjunto de filtros harmônicos passivos para sistemas elétricos industriais. Nesta ótica, o problema de otimização da compensação de harmônicos por meio de filtros passivos foi formulado como um problema multiobjetivo que considera tanto os objetivos da redução da distorção harmônica como da efetividade econômica do projeto considerando as características das tarifas brasileiras. Todavia, a formulação apresentada considera as restrições relevantes impostas pelas normas brasileiras e estrangeiras. A solução computacional para este problema foi conseguida, usando o algoritmo genético NSGA-II que determina um conjunto de soluções ótimas de Pareto (Fronteira) que permitem ao projetista escolher as soluções mais adequadas para o problema. Por conseguinte, a ferramenta computacional desenvolvida tem várias novidades como: não só calcula os parâmetros que caracterizam os filtros, como também seleciona o tipo de configuração e o número de ramos do filtro em cada barra candidata de acordo com um conjunto de configurações pré-estabelecidas; têm implementada duas normas para a avaliação das restrições de qualidade de energia (Prodist-Módulo 8 e IEEE 519-92) que podem ser selecionadas pelo usuário; determina soluções com bons indicadores de desempenho para vários cenários característicos e não característicos do sistema que permitem a representação das as variações diárias da carga; das variações dos parâmetros do sistema e dos filtros; avalia o custo das contas de energia numa rede elétrica industrial que tem diferentes condições de operação (cenários característicos); e avalia o efeito econômico de filtros de harmônicos como compensadores de potência reativa. Para desenvolver a ferramenta computacional adequada desta tese, foi empregado um modelo trifásico em coordenadas de fase para redes de energia elétrica industriais e de serviços onde foram feitos vários programas utilizando várias ferramentas computacionais adicionais. Estas ferramentas compreendem um programa de varredura de freqüência, um programa do fluxo de harmônicos por injeção de correntes e um programa de fluxo de potência à freqüência fundamental. Os resultados positivos desta tese, a partir da análise de vários exemplos práticos, mostram as vantagens do método desenvolvido.

Acesso aos níveis de atenção à saúde em um município do Estado de São Paulo: perspectivas de gestores, profissionais e usuários

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

O processo de liderança na perspectiva de enfermeiros da estratégia de saúde da família de Botucatu: uma pesquisa-ação

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF MAXIMUM POWER GENERATED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND FITTING CURVES FOR STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS

The rural electrification is characterized by geographical dispersion of the population, low consumption, high investment by consumers and high cost. Moreover, solar radiation constitutes an inexhaustible source of energy and in its conversion into electricity photovoltaic panels are used. In this study, equations were adjusted to field conditions presented by the manufacturer for current and power of small photovoltaic systems. The mathematical analysis was performed on the photovoltaic rural system I- 100 from ISOFOTON, with power 300 Wp, located at the Experimental Farm Lageado of FCA/UNESP. For the development of such equations, the circuitry of photovoltaic cells has been studied to apply iterative numerical methods for the determination of electrical parameters and possible errors in the appropriate equations in the literature to reality. Therefore, a simulation of a photovoltaic panel was proposed through mathematical equations that were adjusted according to the data of local radiation. The results have presented equations that provide real answers to the user and may assist in the design of these systems, once calculated that the maximum power limit ensures a supply of energy generated. This real sizing helps establishing the possible applications of solar energy to the rural producer and informing the real possibilities of generating electricity from the sun.

Video Quality Assessments on Digital TV and Video Streaming Services Using Objective Metrics

There is a wide range of telecommunications services that transmit voice, video and data through complex transmission networks and in some cases, the service has not an acceptable quality level for the end user. In this sense the study of methods for assessing video quality and voice have a very important role. This paper presents a classification scheme, based on different criteria, of the methods and metrics that are being studied in recent years. This paper presents how the video quality is affected by degradation in the transmission channel in two kinds of services: Digital TV (ISDB-TB) due the fading in the air interface and video streaming service on an IP network due packet loss. For Digital TV tests was set up a scenario where the digital TV transmitter is connected to an RF channel emulator, where are inserted different fading models and at the end, the videos are saved in a mobile device. The tests of streaming video were performed in an isolated scenario of IP network, which are scheduled several network conditions, resulting in different qualities of video reception. The video quality assessment is performed using objective assessment methods: PSNR, SSIM and VQM. The results show how the losses in the transmission channel affects the quality of end-user experience on both services studied.

Towards a hybrid approach for adapting web graphical user interfaces to heterogeneous devices using context

Ubiquitous Computing promises seamless access to a wide range of applications and Internet based services from anywhere, at anytime, and using any device. In this scenario, new challenges for the practice of software development arise: Applications and services must keep a coherent behavior, a proper appearance, and must adapt to a plenty of contextual usage requirements and hardware aspects. Especially, due to its interactive nature, the interface content of Web applications must adapt to a large diversity of devices and contexts. In order to overcome such obstacles, this work introduces an innovative methodology for content adaptation of Web 2.0 interfaces. The basis of our work is to combine static adaption - the implementation of static Web interfaces; and dynamic adaptation - the alteration, during execution time, of static interfaces so as for adapting to different contexts of use. In hybrid fashion, our methodology benefits from the advantages of both adaptation strategies - static and dynamic. In this line, we designed and implemented UbiCon, a framework over which we tested our concepts through a case study and through a development experiment. Our results show that the hybrid methodology over UbiCon leads to broader and more accessible interfaces, and to faster and less costly software development. We believe that the UbiCon hybrid methodology can foster more efficient and accurate interface engineering in the industry and in the academy.

Accessibility and demand at an Emergency Care Unit: the user's perspective

AIM: To analyze the search for Emergency Care (EC) in the Western Health District of Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo), in order to identify the reasons why users turn to these services in situations that are not characterized as urgencies and emergencies. METHODS: A qualitative and descriptive study was undertaken. A guiding script was applied to 23 EC users, addressing questions related to health service accessibility and welcoming, problem solving, reason to visit the EC and care comprehensiveness. RESULTS: The subjects reported that, at the Primary Health Care services, receiving care and scheduling consultations took a long time and that the opening hours of these services coincide with their work hours. At the EC service, access to technologies and medicines was easier. CONCLUSION: Primary health care services have been unable to turn into the entry door to the health system, being replaced by emergency services, putting a significant strain on these services' capacity.